版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义Book 8 Unit 2.docx
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版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义Book8Unit2
2019年4月
基础知识默写(学生用书297~298页)
1.differvi.不同;相异
differentadj.不同的
differencen.不同;差异
2.exactadj.精确的;准确的
exactlyadv.确切地;精确地
3.altogetheradv.总共;完全地
4.objectvi.反对;不赞成
objectionn.不赞成,反对;异议
objectiveadj.客观的;公正的;真实的
5.obtainvt.获得;赢得
6.conservativeadj.保守的;守旧的
conservationn.保护;保存
conservev.保护
7.forbidvt.禁止;不准
8.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……
9.retirevi.退休;离开
retirementn.退休;离开
10.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰
11.regulationn.规则;规章;法规
regularadj.有规律的;规则的;定期的;经常的
regulatev.调节;调整
12.strikevi.&vt.打;撞击;罢工n.罢工
13.drawbackn.缺点;不利条件
14.resistvt.抵抗;对抗
resistancen.抵抗;阻力;抵抗力;电阻
resistantadj.反抗的;有抵抗力的
15.decorationn.装饰
decoratev.装饰
16.reasonableadj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的
reasonn.原因;理由
17.c-o/mmercialadj.商业的;贸易的
18.straightforwardadj.简单的;直接的;坦率的
19.undertakevt.着手;从事;承担
20.breakthroughn.突破
21.proceduren.程序;步骤;手续
22.attainvt.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
23.flourn.面粉
24.vainadj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的
25.merelyadv.仅;只;不过
26.feathern.羽毛
27.accumulatevt.&vi.积累;聚积
accumulationn.积累;累积;堆积物
28.assumptionn.假定;设想
assumevt.假定;设想
29.payoff得到好结果;取得成功;偿清
30.castdown使失望;使沮丧
31.infavourof赞成;支持
32.(be)boundto(do)...一定或注定(做)……
33.strike...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心
34.fromtimetotime不时,偶尔
35.bringbacktolife使复生;使复活
36.invain白费力气;枉费心机
37.ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)
38.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.
当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下枝来培植新植物时,它(克隆)就发生了。
39.Whatdoyouthinkisthewriter’spointofviewinthisreadingpassage?
你认为在这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么?
40.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie...
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉……
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Imustinsistonyourgivingmeastraightforward(直接的)answer.
2.Themoreimportanttheoccasionwas,themorecomplextheprocedures(步骤)were.
(2018·河北石家庄二中模拟)
3.Iwasn’tcomplaining;Imerely(仅仅)saidthatIwastired.
4.Oneofthedrawbacks(缺点)oflivingwithsomeoneishavingtoshareabathroom.
5.Theweatherwasbadandthefooddreadful.Altogether(总之)theholidaywasverydisappointing.
6.Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtain(获得)drinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
7.Angerisatoolthathelpsustoreadandrespondtothesocialsituationsthatbother(打扰)us.
8.Mymainobjection(object)totheplanisthatitwouldbetooexpensive.
9.Theno-smokingpolicywasintroducedwithlittleresistance(resist)fromstaff.
10.Youarefortunatetohavesuchareasonable(reason)father.
11.He’saveryconservative(conserve)dresser—healwayslookslikehe’swearinghisfather’sclothes!
12.Mycalculationswerebasedontheassumption(assume)thathousepriceswouldremainsteady.
13.Whatisthenormalretirement(retire)ageinthiscountry?
14.Thepurposeofeducationisnotonlytheaccumulationofknowledge.Anditalsomeansaccumulatingintelligenceaswellasabilities.(accumulate)
15.Scientistsarestillnotexactly(exact)surehowgenesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
Asweallknow,MaYunisstraightforwardandadoredbyagreatmanypeople.Hewentthroughmanydifficulties,whichdidn’t1.casthimdown.Heheldthefirmbeliefthathe2.wasboundtosucceed.Hisefforts3.paidoffwhenhegotagreatbreakthroughintheonlineshopping.
Areyou4.infavourofcloninghumanbeings?
Especiallywhenyourhealthis5.inpoorcondition,youdefinitelywantto6.bringyourselfbacktolife.However,forsomediseases,traditionaltreatmentsareoften7.invain.8.Fromtimetotimescientiststhinkofwaystotreatthem,oneofwhichiscloning.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Wecannottellfromhisfacewhetherheishappyorsad.(whether)
从他脸上我们看不出他是高兴还是难过。
2.Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkisthatwecanlivealow-carbonlife.(表语从句)
骑自行车上班的优点是我们可以过一种低碳生活。
3.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.(非谓语动词作目的状语)
现在许多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵的时间。
4.Whichpartofthisbookdoyouthinkisthemostinteresting?
(doyouthink)
这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣?
1.聚焦“反对”意见
(1)objectvi.反对;不赞成
(2)opposev.反对
(3)disapprovev.不赞成;反对
(4)resistv.抵制;反对
(5)protestv.抗议;反对
2.“最初的”几个单词
(1)initialadj.最初的;开始的
(2)originaladj.最初的;原始的
(3)primaryadj.初级的;原始的
(4)foremostadj.最先的;最前的
3.顺序不同,意义有别
(1)conservationn.保护→conversationn.谈话
(2)broadadj.宽的→boardn.甲板
(3)abroadadv.在国外→aboardadv.&prep.上船(火车、飞机),在船(火车、飞机)上
(4)cheapadj.便宜的→peachn.桃子
(5)kitchenn.厨房→thickenv.变浓
4.“取得成功”的那些短语
(1)payoff取得成功;偿清
(2)takeoff突然成功
(3)makeit成功
(4)makeahit获得成功
5.“使人失望”短语集锦
(1)castsb.down使失望;使沮丧
(2)letsb.down使失望
(3)getsb.down使失望;使沮丧
(1)differfrom不同于……;和……不同
differin在……方面不同
differwithsb.on/about/oversth.在某事上和某人有分歧/异议
(2)differencen.不同之处
makeadifferenceto...对……有影响/起作用
tellthedifferencebetweenAandB 分清A和B
(3)differentadj.不同的
bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面与……不同
(1)Changingschoolsdidmakeadifferencetomylife.
转学确实对我的生活产生了影响。
(2)[一句多译] 英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。
①BritishEnglishdiffersobviouslyfromAmericanEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.(differ)
②BritishEnglishisobviouslydifferentfromAmericanEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.(different)
③ThereareobviousdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.(difference)
objectv.反对;不赞成
n.目标,目的;物体
(1)objecttosb./sth.反对;不赞成
objectto(sb.’s)doingsth.反对(某人)做某事
(2)objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议
have/raise/makeanobjectionto/against(doing)sth.对(做)某事表示反对
(1)Moststudentsobjecttobeingcharged(charge)forparkingonthecampus.
(2)Despiteobjections(object)bytheWhiteHouse,theSenatevotedtodaytocutoffaid.
(3)Somestudentshave/raise/makeanobjectionto/against(反对)theplan.(objection)
易错点拨 object作及物动词时,后只能接that从句作宾语;若接名词或代词作宾语需要后跟介词to。
用作及物动词后接that从句时,其后从句所表示的内容不是反对的内容,而是反对的理由。
如:
Iwantedtoclimbthehill,butheobjectedthathewastootired.我要去爬山,但是他却以太累为由表示反对。
forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事
forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事
forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事
It’sforbiddentodosth.做某事是禁止的。
(1)Everyoneisforbiddentosmoke(smoke)here.
(2)Theruleforbidspeoplefromdriving/forbidspeopletodrive(禁止人们开车)inthecityonedayeachweekandoneSaturdayeachmonth.(2018·河南洛阳三模)
[句式升级]
(3)Weareforbiddentoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.(用it作形式主语改写)
It’sforbiddenforustoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.
(1)owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物;把……归功于某人
oweittosb.that.../todo...把……归功于某人
(2)owingto由于
(1)MyEnglishteacherissuchagreatsoul,towhomIowemanythanks.
(2)IoweittohimthatIfinishedmyworkintime.
(3)Owingtothebadweather(由于天气不好),thismorning’sflightwillbedelayed.
botherv.打扰;操心
n.[U]烦扰;麻烦;困难;[C]麻烦的事;讨厌的人
(1)bothertodo/doingsth.费心/特意做某事
bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人
Itbothers/botheredsb.that.../todo...使某人苦恼的是……
(2)havebother(in)doingsth.费劲/有麻烦做某事
putsb.toanybother给某人添乱
whybother没有必要吧;何苦那么麻烦
(1)Itbothers/botheredmetothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.
想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里我便坐立不安。
(2)—Mum,shallwegoandseeafilmtonight?
—Whybother?
Wecanstayathomeandwatchfilmsonline.(2017·江苏)
——妈妈,我们今晚去看电影好吗?
——没有必要吧?
我们可以待在家里上网看电影。
(3)[一句多译] 你找到这所房子费劲吗?
①Didyouhavebother(in)findingthehouse?
(bother)
②Didyouhavetrouble/difficulty(in)findingthehouse?
(trouble/difficulty)
strikevt.&vi.(struck,struck)打;罢工;(时钟等)敲响,报(时);擦(火柴);撞击;侵袭;
给(某人以……)印象;突然想起
n.罢工;袭击
(1)bestruckwith/by被……所袭击(感动)
Itstrikessb.that...某人觉得……;某人突然想起
sth.strikessb.(=sb.strikesonsth.)某人想到……
(2)beonstrike在罢工
goonstrike举行罢工
(3)strikingadj.显著的;突出的;惹人注目的
[写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思]
(1)Theclockhasjuststruck10.(钟)敲
(2)Hehitme,soIstruckhimback.打
(3)Thegirlstruckamatchandlitacandle.擦(火柴)
(4)Theyhavebeenonstrikeforseveraldays.罢工
(5)Istruckonagoodideayesterday.突然想起
[单句语法填空]
(6)Struck(strike)bythebeautyoftheWestLake,westoppedtoadmirethebeautifulscenery.
(7)Itstruckmethatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.
payback偿还;报复;回报
payfor花钱买;付出代价
payavisitto参观;拜访
payattentionto注意;留心
(1)ThatIcanpaybackthehelppeoplegavememakesmehappy.
我可以回报别人给我的帮助,这让我很高兴。
(2)Hehadtoworkpart-timesoastopayforhisschoolfee.
他得做兼职工作以支付学费。
(3)TheeffortsmadebyJackandhisparentspaidoff.
杰克和他父母的努力奏效了。
(1)outofcondition健康状况欠佳
(2)onconditionthat...在……条件下;倘若……
onnocondition一点也不;绝不(放在句首时,句子用部分倒装语序)
(3)working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境
(1)Naturalsitesandhistoricbuildings,whenleftalone,canslowlybeinbadcondition.
自然景点和历史建筑,如果不管理,状况会慢慢恶化。
(2)WhatIwantyoutorealizeisthateverybodyislikelytobeinpoorcondition.
我想让你意识到的是每个人都可能有状况不好的时候。
(3)Youcankeepthebooksforaboutthreeweeksonconditionthatyoupreservethemwell.
这些书你可以借三个礼拜,条件是你必须好好保存。
[句式升级]
(4)Youshouldtellhimwhathashappenedonnocondition.(改为倒装句)
Onnoconditionshouldyoutellhimwhathashappened.
Coulditbesolvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirresearchprocedure?
如果改进研究程序,问题会不会解决呢?
非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had+过去分词
would/could/should/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)wereto+动词原形
(3)should+动词原形
would/could/should/might+动词原形
(1)Ifthenewsafetysystemhadbeenput(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
(2017·北京)
(2)Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rained(rain)tomorrow,Iwouldn’tgototheparty.
(3)如果我比现在年轻三岁,我会强烈建议自己设定可行而具体的目标。
(2015·重庆)
WereI/IfIwerethreeyearsyoungerthanIamnow,IwouldstronglyrecommendthatIsetmorepracticalandspecificgoals.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Thereisnodoubtthatcellphoneshaveanegativeimpactonourlives.
2.It’srepor