1120外国语学院本科毕业论文引文及参考文献格式规范版.docx
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1120外国语学院本科毕业论文引文及参考文献格式规范版
西南大学外国语学院
英语专业本科毕业论文（设计）
引文与参考文献格式规范
APAandMLAStyles:
AcademicWritingEssentials
CollegeofInternationalStudies
SouthwestUniversity
November10,2015
Contents
1.Introduction1
2.APAStyleEssentials1
2.1In-textCitation1
2.1.1EssentialInformation1
2.1.2AuthorinFormalStructureoftheSentence2
2.1.3AmpersandUsedinParentheses2
2.1.4MultipleSourcesinParentheses2
2.1.5AuthorswiththeSameSurname2
2.1.6WorksbySameAuthor（s）andYear3
2.1.7SeparationofMajorandOtherCitations3
2.1.8BackgroundInformationSignal3
2.1.9SecondarySource3
2.1.10TwoAuthors3
2.1.11Three,Four,andFiveAuthors4
2.1.12SixorMoreAuthors4
2.1.13TwoAuthorTeamswithSimilarShortenedForms4
2.1.14CorporateAuthor4
2.1.15NoIdentifiedAuthor4
2.1.16AnonymousasAuthor’sName5
2.1.17CitingSpecificPartsofaSource5
2.1.18OriginalandNewPublicationDates5
2.1.19PersonalCommunication6
2.1.20WordingforNon-empiricalSources6
2.2DirectQuotation6
2.2.1QuotationofFewerthan40Words6
2.2.2QuotationinMid-sentence7
2.2.3QuotationatEndofSentence7
2.2.4Quotationof40orMoreWords7
2.2.5QuotedSourceCitedinSentence8
2.2.6SingleQuotationMarkswithinDoubleOnes8
2.2.7UseofEllipsisPoints9
2.2.8QuotationMarkswithOtherPunctuationMarks9
2.2.9InsertedElementsinBrackets9
2.3ReferencesList9
2.3.1RulesforReferencesList9
2.3.1.1Pagination9
2.3.1.2Heading9
2.3.1.3Format10
2.3.1.4Authors10
2.3.1.5Publicationdate12
2.3.1.6Sourcereference13
2.3.1.7Publishers’locations13
2.3.1.8Publisher14
2.3.1.9Locatorinformationofelectronicsources14
2.3.1.10Publicationdataforelectronicsources14
2.3.2ExamplesforReferencesList15
2.3.2.1Book15
2.3.2.2Multivolumework15
2.3.2.3Bookwithnoauthororeditor15
2.3.2.4Bookwithauthorandpublisherbeingidentical16
2.3.2.5Articleorchapterinaneditedbook16
2.3.2.6Bookchapterinavolumeinaseries16
2.3.2.7Electronicversionofrepublishedbook16
2.3.2.8Titlewithinatitle17
2.3.2.9Journalarticle17
2.3.2.10Citinganentirespecialissueorsectioninajournal17
2.3.2.11Newspaperarticle18
2.3.2.12Encyclopediaarticle18
2.3.2.13Webdocumentonuniversityprogramordepartmentwebsite18
2.3.2.14Datafile,availablefromawebsite19
2.3.2.15Stand-alonewebdocument（nodate）19
2.3.2.16Stand-alonewebdocument（noauthor,nodate）19
2.3.2.17Journalarticlefromdatabase19
2.3.2.18Abstractfromsecondarydatabase19
2.3.2.19Journalarticle,internet-onlyjournal20
2.3.2.20Unpublishedpaperpresentedatameeting20
2.3.2.21Unpublisheddoctoraldissertationandmaster’sthesis20
2.3.2.22Master'sthesis,fromacommercialdatabase20
2.3.2.23Doctoraldissertation,fromaninstitutionaldatabase21
2.3.2.24Doctoraldissertation,fromtheweb21
2.3.2.25Doctoraldissertation,abstractedfromDAI21
2.3.2.26Doctoralthesis,fromauniversityoutsidetheUnitedStates21
2.3.2.27Bookchapter,Englishtranslation,republishedwork21
2.3.2.28Bookchapter,Englishtranslation,reprintedfromanothersource21
2.3.2.29Englishtranslationofanon-Englishbook22
2.3.2.30Englishtranslationofanon-Englishjournalarticle22
2.3.2.31Originalversionofanon-Englishandnon-Chinesearticle22
2.3.2.32Originalversionofanon-Englishandnon-Chinesebook22
2.3.2.33OriginalversionofaChinesework23
2.3.2.34Chinesetranslationofanon-Chinesework23
2.4TablesandFigures23
2.4.1Tables23
2.4.2Figures25
2.5Appendixes25
3.MLAStyleEssentials26
3.1ParentheticalDocumentation26
3.1.1RulesforParentheticalDocumentation26
3.1.1.1Essentialinformation26
3.1.1.2Twoorthreeauthors26
3.1.1.3Morethanthreeauthors26
3.1.1.4Authorswithsamesurname27
3.1.1.5Multiplesourcesbysameauthor（s）27
3.1.1.6Pagerangeandomission27
3.1.1.7Abbreviationsofdivisionwordsintext27
3.1.1.8Abbreviationsofdivisionwordsinparentheses27
3.1.1.9Multi-volumesources29
3.1.1.10Indirectsources29
3.1.1.11Anonymousworks30
3.1.1.12Unpaginatedwebsources31
3.1.1.13Commonscholarlyabbreviations31
3.1.2ExamplesforParentheticalDocumentation33
3.1.2.1Author’snameintext,andpagenumberinparentheses33
3.1.2.2Author’snameandpagenumberinparentheses33
3.1.2.3Citingaworkbyacorporateauthor33
3.1.2.4Citingtwoormoreworksbythesameauthor33
3.1.2.5Citingamulti-volumework33
3.1.2.6Citinganindirectsource34
3.1.2.7Citingaworklistedbytitle34
3.1.2.8Citingmorethanoneworkinasingleparentheticalreference34
3.1.2.9Citinganovel35
3.1.2.10Citingaplay35
3.1.2.11Citingapoem35
3.2Quotation35
3.2.1AccuracyofQuotation35
3.2.2ProseQuotationwithNoMorethanFourLines36
3.2.3ProseQuotationwithMorethanFourLines36
3.2.4PoetryQuotationwithNoMorethanThreeLines37
3.2.5PoetryQuotationwithMorethanThreeLines37
3.2.6ParentheticalReferenceforBlockQuotation38
3.2.7EllipsiswithinQuotation38
3.3ListofWorksCited39
3.3.1RulesforWorksCitedList39
3.3.1.1Author39
3.3.1.2Titleandsubtitle44
3.3.1.3Placeofpublication--forbooksonly46
3.3.1.4Publisher--forbooksonly47
3.3.1.5Dateofpublication48
3.3.1.6Pagenumber（s）49
3.3.1.7Cross-references51
3.3.1.8DateofaccessandURL52
3.3.1.9Mediumofpublicationandthelike52
3.3.1.10Elementsforaworkonlyontheweb57
3.3.1.11Elementsforaworkonthewebcitedwithprintpublicationdata57
3.3.1.12Reprintsandexcerpts58
3.3.2ExamplesforWorksCitedList59
3.3.2.1Abookbyasingleauthor59
3.3.2.2Ananthology,acompilation,and/oratranslation59
3.3.2.3Abookbytwoorthreeauthors60
3.3.2.4Abookbyfourormoreauthors60
3.3.2.5Abookbyacorporateauthor60
3.3.2.6Aworkinananthology60
3.3.2.7Anarticleinareferencebook61
3.3.2.8Cross-references:
Twoormorearticlesfromthesamework62
3.3.2.9Anintroduction,apreface,aforeword,oranafterword62
3.3.2.10Ananonymouswork63
3.3.2.11Ascholarlyedition63
3.3.2.12AnEnglishtranslation64
3.3.2.13Translator’scommentsorchoiceofwording64
3.3.2.14Twoormoreworksbythesameauthor（s）65
3.3.2.15Abookinasecondorsubsequentedition65
3.3.2.16Amulti-volumework66
3.3.2.17Abookpublishedbefore190067
2.3.2.18Arepublishedbook67
3.3.2.19Reprintsoforexcerptsfrompreviouslypublishedworks67
2.3.2.20Abookwithmultiplepublishers68
3.3.2.21Anarticleinascholarlyjournal69
3.3.2.22Anarticleinascholarlyjournalwithonlyissuenumbers69
3.3.2.23Anarticleinascholarlyjournalwithmorethanoneseries70
3.3.2.24Anarticleinanewspaper70
3.3.2.25Anarticleinamagazine72
3.3.2.26Anabstractinanabstractsjournal73
3.3.2.27Anonlinebook73
3.3.2.28Ascholarlyjournalarticleavailableonline73
3.3.2.29Ajournalarticlefromadatabase74
3.3.2.30Anabstractontheinternet75
3.3.2.31Anunpublisheddissertation75
3.3.2.32Apublisheddissertation75
3.3.2.33Alecture,aspeech,anaddress,orareading76
3.3.2.34Anon-Englishandnon-Chinesework76
3.3.2.35TheoriginalversionofaChinesework77
3.3.2.36TheChinesetranslationofanon-Chinesework77
1.Introduction
Inacademicwriting,theauthorneedstogivecreditwhenheorsheusesresearchresourcesbyotherauthors.Otherwise,theauthorisconsideredtohavecommittedtheacademicmisconductcalledplagiarism.Plagiarismistheuseofaquotationfromanotherauthor’sacademicwork,ortheuseofhisorherideas,concepts,facts,evidence,data,tables,figures,suggestedresearchprojects,etc.,inacademicwriting,withoutacknowledgmentorcreditproperlygiveninagenerallyacceptedandexpectedformat.Similarly,self-plagiarismreferstothepracticeofpresentingone’sownpreviouslypublishedworkasthoughitwerenew.Toavoidself-plagiarism,thecoreofthenewdocumentmustconstituteanoriginalcontributiontoknowledge,andonlytheamountofpreviouslypublishedmaterialnecessarytounderstandthatcontributionshouldbeincluded.
Thus,academicresourcesusedinanacademicworkneedtobecreditedtotheiroriginalauthors.Todoso,anacademicwritermayfollowthestyleoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA）,thestyleoftheModernLanguageAssociation（MLA）,theChicagoStyle,andsoon.However，theAPAstyleandtheMLAstylearethetwomostwidelyusedones.Bothcanbefoundin“stylemanuals”bearingtheirnames，forexample,APA’sPublicationManualoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation（6thedition,2010）andMLA’sMLAHandbookforWritersofResearchPapers（7thedition,2009）.
Thechoiceastowhichstyleisappropriateforagivenpapermaybedeterminedbythreefactors:
therequirementsoftheparticularcourse,thestandardforthedisciplineinwhichtheauthorisstudying,ortheauthor’sindividualpreference.Asafewayistoconsiderwhichstylewillbemostappropriatefortheauthor’sareaofspecialization.Iftheauthorispursuingamajorinthehumanities,heorshemayconsiderlearningtheMLAstyle.Ifbehavioralorsocialsciencesarelikelytobetheauthor’sinterest,thentheAPAstylemaybemostappropriate.Generally,humanitiesdisciplinesmayincludeliterary,philosophical,cultural,artistic,historical,legal,political,translationstudies,andthelike.Socialsciencesmayincludeappliedlinguistics,psycholinguistics,pedagogy,secondlanguageacquisitionresearch,corpuslinguistics,languagetesting,educationalmeasurementandevaluation,andthelike,whicharemostlyempiricalstudiesinvolvingstatisticanalyses.
Whateve
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