经济金融术语中英文对照.docx
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经济金融术语中英文对照
经济金融术语中英文对照
D
打白条issueIOU
大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）
大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts
大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline
大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem
呆账（请见“坏账”）badloans
呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款idleloans
贷款沉淀non-performingloans
贷款分类loanclassification
贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling
贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库toactasfiscalagent
代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions
戴帽贷款ear-markedloans
倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition
道德风险moralhazard
地区差别regionaldisparity
第一产业theprimaryindustry
第二产业thesecondaryindustry
第三产业theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry
递延资产deferrableassets
订货不足insufficientorders
定期存款timedeposits
定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources
东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry
独立核算independentaccounting
短期国债treasurybills
对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging
对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector
多种所有制形式diversifiedownership
E
恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation
二级市场secondarymarket
F
发行货币toissuecurrency
发行总股本totalstockissue
法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement
法人股institutionalshares
法人股东institutionalshareholders
法治ruleoflaw
房地产投资realestateinvestment
放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy
非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）
非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions
非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations
分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem
分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions
风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure
风险管理riskmanagement
风险意识riskawareness
风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios
风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard
服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges
扶贫povertyalleviation
负增长negativegrowth
复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount
G
改革试点reformexperimentation
杠杆率leverageratio
杠杆收购leveragedbuyout
高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest
个人股non-institutionalshares
根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）
公开市场操作openmarketoperations
公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts
公用事业publicutilities
公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector
公有制publicownership
工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio
工业增加值industrialvalueadded
供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply
鼓励措施incentives
股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises
股份制企业joint-equityenterprises
股份制银行joint-equitybanks
固定资产贷款fixedassetloans
关税减免tariffreductionandexemption
关税减让tariffconcessions
关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment
规范行为toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior
规模效益economiesofscale
国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood
国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals
国家风险countryrisk
国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor
国际收支balanceofpayments
国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks
国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector
国有企业state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）
国有制state-ownership
国有资产流失erosionofstateassets
国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase
国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities
过度竞争excessivecompetition
过度膨胀excessiveexpansion
H
合理预期rationalexpectation
核心资本corecapital
合资企业joint-ventureenterprises
红利dividend
宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance
宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals
宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）
宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）
坏账baddebt
还本付息debtservice
换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings
汇兑在途fundsinfloat
汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank
汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates
活期存款demanddeposits
汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment
混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership
货币政策态势monetarypolicystance
货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers
过热
J
基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure
基本经济要素economicfundamentals
基本适度broadlyappropriate
基准利率benchmarkinterestrate
机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions
机会成本opportunitycost
激励机制incentivemechanism
积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory
挤提存款runonbanks
挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）
技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading
技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct
计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus
计划经济plannedeconomy
集体经济thecollectivesector
加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment
加工贸易processingtrade
加快态势acceleratingtrend
加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration
加权价weightedaverageprice
价格放开priceliberalization
价格形成机制pricingmechanism
减亏toreducelosses
简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures
交投活跃brisktrading
缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves
结构扭曲structuraldistortion
结构失调structuralimbalance
结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance
结构优化structuralimprovement（optimization）
结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange
金融脆弱financialfragility
金融动荡financialturbulence
金融风波financialdisturbance
金融恐慌financialpanic
金融危机financialcrisis
金融压抑financialrepression
金融衍生物financialderivatives
金融诈骗financialfraud
紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy
紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies
经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility
经济特区specialeconomiczones（SEZs）
经济体制改革economicreform
经济增长方式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）
经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth
经济制裁economicsanction
经营自主权autonomyinmanagement
景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity
境外投资overseasinvestment
竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition
局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financialdisturbance
迹象signsofoverheating
K
开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness
可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth
可变成本variablecost
可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency
控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance
扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis
库存产品inventory
跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking
跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement
会计准则accountingstandard
L
来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport
离岸银行业务off-shorebanking（business）
理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime
利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation
利润驱动profit-driven
利息回收率interestcollectionratio
联行清算inter-banksettlement
连锁企业franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses
良性循环virtuouscycle
两极分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution
零售物价指数retailpriceindex（RPI）
流动性比例liquidityratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets
流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans
流通体制distributionsystem
流通网络distributionnetwork
留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hirepurchase
垄断行业monopolizedindustry（sector）
乱集资irregular（illegal）fundraising
乱收费irregular（illegal）charges
乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）levies
M
买方市场buyer'smarket
卖方市场seller'smarket
卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo
贸易差额tradebalance
民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit
免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears
明补explicitsubsidy
明亏explicitloss
名牌产品brandproducts
母国（请见“东道国”）homecountry
N
内部控制internalcontrol
内部审计internalaudit
内地与香港themainlandandHongKong
内债domesticdebt
扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone
扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources
农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement
农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效应bubbleeffect
泡沫经济bubbleeconomy
培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth
片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth
平衡发展balanceddevelopment
瓶颈制约bottleneck（constraints）
平稳回升steadyrecovery
铺底流动资金initial（start-up）workingcapital
普遍回升broad-basedrecovery
配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套人民币资金l
Q
企业办社会enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities
企业集团战略corporategroupstrategy
企业兼并重组companymergerandrestructuring
企业领导班子enterprisemanagement
企业所得税enterprise（corporate）incometax
企业效益corporateprofitability
企业资金违规流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket
欠税taxarrears
欠息overdueinterest
强化税收征管tostrengthentaxadministration
强制措施enforcementaction
翘尾因素carryovereffect
切一刀partialapplication
清理收回贷款cleanupandrecoverloans
（破产）清算liquidation
倾斜政策preferentialpolicy
区别对待differentialtreatment
趋势加强intensifyingtrend
全球化globalization
权益回报率returnsonequity（ROE）
缺乏后劲unsustainablemomentum
R
绕规模贷款tocircumventcreditceiling
人均国内生产总值percapitaGDP
人均收入percapitaincome
人民币升值压力upwardpressureontheRenminbi（exchangerate）
认缴资本subscribedcapital
软贷款softloans
软预算约束softbudgetconstraint
软着陆softlanding
ocalcurrencyfundingof…
W
外部审计externalaudit
外国直接投资foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）
外汇储备foreignexchangereserves
外汇调剂foreignexchangeswap
外汇占款theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings
外向型经济export-orientedeconomy
外债externaldebt
外资企业foreign-fundedenterprises
完善现代企业制度toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem
完税凭证taxpaymentdocumentation
违法经营illegalbusiness
委托存款entrusteddeposits
稳步增长steadygrowth
稳健的银行系统asoundbankingsystem
稳中求进tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability
无纸交易book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）transaction
物价监测pricemonitoring
X
吸纳流动性toabsorbliquidity
稀缺经济scarcityeconomy
洗钱moneylaundering
系统内调度fundallocationwithinabank
系统性金融危机systemicfinancialcrisis
下岗工人laid-offemployees
下游企业down-streamenterprises
现场稽核on-siteexamination
现金滞留（居民手中）cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem
乡镇企业townshipandvillageenterprises（TVEs）
消费物价指数consumerpriceindex（CPI）
消费税excise（consumption）tax
消灭财政赤字
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