浅析美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义.docx

浅析美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义.docx

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浅析美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义

浅析美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义

BriefDiscussiononAmericanIndividualismandChineseCollectivism

——JessicaLynchandFiveWarriorsonLangyaMountain

Abstract

ThispapermakesananalysisoftheculturaldifferencebetweenAmericaandChina-AmericanindividualismandChinesecollectivismfromtheperspectiveofprisonersofwarandthendiscussestheimportancetofosterthespiritofindividualismintoday’sChinawhenitencounterstwosetbacksinitsreformanddevelopment.Oneofthetwosetbacksisweakabilitytoinnovateinscienceandtechnologyandtheotherisslowprocessofrulebylaw。

Withopennessandpositiveattitudeofdrawingonothercivilizations’strongpoints,Chinawouldavoiddetoursinitsdoublesocialtransformationsfromthetypeoffarmingtoindustryandfromindustrytoinformation。

KeyWords

prisonersofwar（POW）;Americanindividualism;Chinesecollectivism;innovationinscienceandtechnology;rulebylaw

摘　要

本文试从战俘的角度分析中美文化的不同-美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义,并结合现阶段中国改革发展中出现的科技创新能力弱和法治建设进程缓慢两问题，探讨发扬个人主义精神的重要性.笔者相信在中国进行从农耕社会向工业社会过渡，工业社会向信息社会过渡的双重社会转型过程中,只有以开放和学习的心态积极地借鉴其他文明的优点,中国的改革发展才能少走弯路。

关键词

战俘;美国的个人主义；中国的集体主义；科技创新；法治

Introduction

JessicaLynchFiveWarriorsonLangyaMountain

（http:

//www.jessica-lynch。

com/photos.html）（http：

//cpc。

people。

com。

cn/GB/33842/34535/2578835.html）

OnJuly22，2003,afternearlyfourmonthsinamilitaryhospital，AmericanPrivateJessicaLynchfinallyreturnedhome.ThesmalltownofElizabeth,WestVirginia,celebratedherarrivalwithadisplayoflocalpride，pompandpageantry.AnotherheroicstorytookplaceinChina’sHebeiprovincesixty-twoyearsbeforethatonSeptember25，1941duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan（1937—1945）。

FiveChinesesoldierscommittedsuicidebyjumpingoffacliffwhentheyranoutofammunitionandallthereachablestones。

TheyarethelaterFiveWarriorsonLangyaMountainwhoarerememberedandrespectedbyChinesepeopletilltoday.

Thosearetwocompletelydifferentwaysofbeingheroes.Butwhatareworthofbeingtakennoticeofaresoldiers’differentattitudestowardssurrenderandpeople’sdifferentattitudestowardsprisonersofwar（POW）fromtheirowncountry。

ForanAmericansoldier,itisnaturalandunderstandabletoyieldwhenhefightstothebitterendandhasnobullet。

ButforaChinesesoldier,tolaydownhisarmsandsurrenderseemsmoredisgracedthantodie，especiallywhentheenemiesarefromothercountries，suchasJapan。

AndwhataretheordinaryChinesepeople’sattitudestowardstheprisonersofwarfromChina?

GeZhenlin，oneofthefivesoldiers，whohasluckilysurvivedbecauseofthebranchesinthecliff，wasonceaskedbyhisfellowvillager，“Didyoureallyjumpofffromthecliff?

”accordingtohisson。

Thatistosay，ifGeZhenlindidnotjumpofffromthecliff,hehasnohonortoberegardedashero,evenwiththefactthathehadfoughttothebitterend。

InChina,ifyouwereaPOW，stillalive,youwouldveryprobablyfaceonequestion“Whydidn’tyoudieinthebattlefield?

”Itmustbeanunacceptablequestioninthewesterncountries，butitisafactinChina.

ThereasonbehindsuchphenomenonisthatthecoreofAmericanvaluesisindividualismandthatofChineseiscollectivism.So,whenthereisaconflictbetweencollectivegloryandindividuallife,AmericanschooseindividuallifewhileChinesechoosecollectiveglory。

ThisarticledoesnotaimtoargueforthatthefivesoldiersshouldnotjumpofffromthemountainorChinesepeopleshouldnotexpectsuchheroicactionfromthem,buttomakearelativelyobjectivediscussionontheculturalreasonbehinditandthenmakeananalysisoftheimportancetofosterthespiritofindividualismwhenChinaencounterssomedifficultiesinitspresentreformanddevelopment.

I．DefinitionsandExplanationsofIndividualismandCollectivism

TherearemanydifferencesbetweenAmericancultureandChineseculture.Amongthem，themostimportantorfundamentaloneisonthevalueorientation:

Americancultureupholdsindividualism;Chinesecultureadvocatescollectivism.Thus，inthedailylife,Americansvaluefreedom，rulebylaw,individualrightsandliberationofselfwhileChinesethinkhighlyofethiccode,moralprinciplesandinterpersonalrelations.WhatarethedefinitionsandwaysofexpressionofAmericanindividualismandChinesecollectivism?

IsChineseknowledgeaboutAmericanindividualismcorrect？

A.DefinitionandExplanationofAmericanIndividualism

ThebasisofwesterncultureisChristianityanditscoreisindividualism.

ForAmericanindividualism,itreferstothatindividualisthefoundationfortheexistenceofcollective.Everyonehashisownindependentpersonalityandfreewillandothersshouldnotworktheirwilluponhimexceptthatindividualinterestsendangerpublicinterests。

Whatismore，individualismmeanstwoaspects：

pursuitofi