大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义.docx
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大学英语阅读进阶第四讲义
大学英语阅读进阶(第四版)讲义
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2013哈尔滨工业大学大二英语拓展补充教材(讲义)
大学英语阅读进阶(第四版)
PartⅠTenStepsToImprovingCollegeReadingSkills
1VocabularyinContext
P19example3
Ainterestingsentence:
Iprefertheoccasionaldisturbanceofear-splittingthunder震耳欲聋的totheincessantdrippingofourkitchensink.
P20Line10:
Workingvocabulary:
working/ˈwɜː.kɪŋ//ˈwɝː-/adjective[beforenoun]USEFUL
describesaplan,ideaorknowledgethatisnotcompletebutisgoodenoughtobeuseful基本够用的;尚可应付工作的
Wehaveaworkingtheory/hypothesisaboutwhatcausedthecrash,whichweshalltest.
She'sfluentinFrenchandEnglishandhasaworkingknowledgeofSpanish.
Line12:
shade/ʃeɪd/noun
Slightdifferenceinsth细微的差别
I.ExamplesP21(Thenumbersindicatethenumberofthesentencesoftheexercises)
1.nocturnalnɒkˈtɜː.nəl//nɑːkˈtɝː-/adjectiveformal夜间活动的
happeninginoractiveduringthenight,orrelatingtothenight
nocturnalwanderings/nocturnallight/Mostbatsarenocturnal
2.feathery/ˈfeð.ər.i//-ɚ.i/adjective轻而软的;长有语羽毛的
softordelicate,ormadeofmanyverysmallanddelicatepieces
featheryclouds/foliage/leaves
2.adverse:
/ˈæd.vɜːs/,/-ˈ-//ædˈvɝːs/adjective[beforenoun]
havinganegativeorharmfuleffectonsomething
Thematchhasbeencancelledduetoadverseweatherconditions.
3.nausea:
/ˈnɔː.zi.ə/,/-ʒə//ˈnɑː-/noun[U]恶心;作呕
whenyoufeelasifyouaregoingtovomit
Signsoftheillnessincludefever,nauseaandvomiting.
4.euphemism:
juː.fə.mɪ.zəm/noun[CorU]委婉语
awordorphraseusedtoavoidsayinganunpleasantoroffensiveword
'Seniorcitizen'isaeuphemismfor'oldperson'.
offensive/əˈfent .sɪv/adjectiveUPSETTING
1.causingoffence冒犯的;使人恼怒的;得罪人的
Thisprogrammecontainslanguagethatsomeviewersmightfindoffensive.
Oppositeinoffensive
2.unpleasant使人反感的
offensivesmells
5.intoxicated:
/ɪnˈtɒk.sɪ.keɪ.tɪd//-ˈtɑːk.sɪ.keɪ.t ̬ɪd/adjective
1.formaldrunk
Shewaschargedwithdrivingwhileintoxicated.
2.excited,happyandslightlyoutofcontrolbecauseofanexperiencesuchaslove,success,etc陶醉的;极度兴奋的;忘乎所以的
Shewasunderstandablyintoxicatedbyhersuccessinthenationalcompetition.
Practice1:
examplesP22
1.mundane:
/mʌnˈdeɪn/adjective
veryordinaryandthereforenotinteresting单调的;平凡的
Mundanematterssuchaspayingbillsandshoppingforfooddonotinteresther.
2.turmoil:
/ˈtɜː.mɔɪl//ˈtɝː-/noun骚动;混乱
astateofconfusion,uncertaintyordisorder
Thewholeregionisinturmoil.
3.longevity:
/lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti//lɑːnˈdʒev.ə.t ̬i/noun[U]formal
[U]formallivingforalongtime长寿;长命
Towhatdoyouattributeyourlongevity?
4.diversion/da ɪˈvɜː.ʃən//dɪˈvɝː-/noun
(1)[C]somethingthattakesyourattentionawayfromsomethingelse转向;转移
Shopliftersoftenworkinpairs,withonecreatingadiversiontodistracttheshopassistantswhiletheotherstealsthegoods.
(2)(FORMAL)anactivitythatisdoneforpleasure,especiallybecauseittakesyourattentionformsthelse消遣;娱乐
Readingisapleasantdiversion.
5.avocation兴趣;爱好;副业;职业
6.adapt/əˈdæpt/verb
[I]tobecomefamiliarwithanewsituation
Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytonewenvironments.
Ittookmeawhiletoadapttothenewjob.
[T]tochangesomethingtosuitdifferentconditionsoruses
[+toinfinitive]WehadtoadaptourplanstofitJack'stimetable.
Theplayhadbeenadaptedfor(=changedtomakeitsuitablefor)children.
7.distraught:
dɪˈstrɔːt//-ˈstrɑːt/adjective
extremelyworried,nervousorupset心烦意乱的;忧心如焚的
Themissingchild'sdistraughtparentsmadeanemotionalappealforinformationonTV.
mugging/ˈmʌg.ɪŋ/noun[CorU]行凶抢劫
anactofattackingsomeoneandstealingtheirmoney
Policeareconcernedthatmuggingisontheincrease.
8.cognitive/ˈkɒg.nɪ.tɪv//ˈkɑːg.nɪ.t ̬ɪv/adjective[beforenoun]specialized
connectedwiththinkingorconsciousmentalprocesses认知的
Someofhercognitivefunctionshavebeenimpaired.受损的
cognitivebehaviour/development
9.bizarre/bɪˈzɑːr//-ˈzɑːr/adjective
verystrangeandunusual
abizarresituation/bizarrebehaviour
10.white-collar:
relatingtopeoplewhoworkinoffices,doingworkthatneedsmentalratherthanphysicaleffort
white-collarworkers/unions
Synonyms同义词P23
1.enhance/ɪnˈhɑːnt s//-ˈhænt s/verb[T]
toimprovethequality,amountorstrengthofsomething增强;美化;使…更好
Thesescandalswillnotenhancetheorganization'sreputation.
garlic/ˈgɑː.lɪk//ˈgɑːr-/noun[U]蒜
aplantoftheonionfamilythathasastrongtasteandsmellandisusedincookingtoaddflavour
spaghetti/spəˈget.i//-ˈge-/noun[U]意大利面条
pastamadeintheformoflong,thinthreads
2.flippant:
/ˈflɪp.ənt/adjective(UKinformalflip)
notseriousaboutaserioussubject,inanattempttobefunnyortoappearclever轻率的;轻浮的
aflippantremark/attitude
IthinkshejustthoughtIwasbeingflippant.
3.assuage:
/əˈsweɪdʒ/verb[T]formal缓和;减轻
tomakeunpleasantfeelingslessstrong
Thegovernmenthastriedtoassuagethepublic'sfears.
soothe/suːð/verb[T]ANGER
1.tomakesomeonefeelcalmorlessworried
tosootheacryingbaby
Practice2SynonymsP23
1.disconcert:
/ˌdɪs.kənˈsɜːt//-ˈsɝːt/verb
[IorT]tomakesomeonefeelsuddenlyuncertainandworriedn使不安、困惑、尴尬
Thewholeexperiencehaddisconcertedhim.
2.scrutinize:
/ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz//-t ̬ən.aɪz/verb[T]彻底仔细检查
toexaminesomethingverycarefullyinordertodiscoverinformation
Hescrutinizedthemen'sfacescarefully/closely,tryingtoworkoutwhowaslying.
lease/liːs/noun[C]租约;租契
alegalagreementinwhichyoupaymoneyinordertouseabuilding,pieceofland,vehicle,etc.foraperiod
Hehastheflatonalonglease.
fineprint:
inconspicuousdetailsorconditionsprintedinanagreementorcontract,esp.onesthatmayproveunfavorable:
readthefineprintofwhateverloandocumentisshovedunderyournose.极小的字体;(契约中)难懂的条文
3.pragmatic:
/prægˈmæt.ɪk//-ˈmæt ̬-/adjectivemainlyapproving务实的;实事求是的;注重实效的
solvingproblemsinarealisticwaywhichsuitsthepresentconditionsratherthanobeyingfixedtheories,ideasorrules
Inbusiness,thepragmaticapproachtoproblemsisoftenmoresuccessfulthananidealisticone.
4.obscure:
/əbˈskjʊər//-ˈskjʊr/adjectiveNOTKNOWN表述不清楚,晦涩难懂的;费解的
1.notknowntomanypeople
anobscureislandinthePacific/anobscure12th-centurymystic
2.notclearanddifficulttounderstandorsee
Officialpolicyhaschanged,forreasonsthatremainobscure.
Hisanswerswereobscureandconfusing.
5.condone:
/kənˈdəʊn//-ˈdoʊn/verb[T]
toacceptorallowbehaviourthatiswrong纵容;宽恕;原谅
Ifthegovernmentisseentocondoneviolence,thebloodshedwillneverstop.
6.indispensable:
/ˌɪn.dɪˈspent .sə.bl ̩/adjective
Somethingorsomeonethatisindispensableissogoodorimportantthatyoucouldnotmanagewithoutthem
Thisbookisanindispensableresourceforresearchers.
HislongexperienceattheUnitedNationsmakeshimindispensabletothetalks.
7.adversary:
/ˈæd.və.sər.i//ˈæd.vɚ.ser-/noun[C]formal对手;敌手
apersonthatsbisopposedandcompetingwithinanaugumentorabattle
Hesawherashismainadversarywithinthecompany.
8.advent:
/ˈæd.vent/,/-vənt/noun[S]重要人物、事物、事件的)出现,到来
thearrivalofanimportantevent,inventionorperson
LifeinBritainwastransformedbytheadventofthesteamengine.
9.benvolent:
/bɪˈnev.əl.ənt/adjective行善的;慈善的;与人为善的;助人为乐的
(especiallyofapersoninauthority)kindandhelpful
Hewasabenevolentoldman,hewouldn'thurtafly.
Doinggoodratherthanmakingprofit;charitable
publicity/pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti//-ə.t ̬i/noun[U](媒体的)关注;宣传;报道
theactivityofmakingcertainthatsomeoneorsomethingattractsalotofinterestorattentionfrommanypeople,ortheattentionreceivedasaresultofthisactivity
Heattractedalotofadverse/badpublicitywithhisspeechaboutunmarriedmothers.
10.prevalent:
/ˈprev.əl.ənt/adjective
existingverycommonlyorhappeningoftenataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace普遍存在的;盛行的;流行的
Thesediseasesaremoreprevalentamongyoungchildren.
Treesaredyinginareaswhereacidrainismostprevalent.
patriarchy/ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki//-ɑːr-/noun[CorU]父权制(的社会或国家)
asocietyinwhichtheoldestmaleistheleaderofthefamily,orasocietycontrolledbymeninwhichtheyusetheirpowertotheirownadvantage
Patriarchyhasnotdisappeared-ithasmerelychangedform.
Sherailsagainstpatriarchyandhierarchy.
matriarchy/ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki//-ɑːr-/noun[CorU]母权制(的社会或国家)
atypeofsocietyinwhichwomenhavemostoftheauthorityandpower,orasocietyinwhichpropertybelongstowomenandisgiventochildrenbywomenratherthanmen
Antonyms反义词P24
1.salutary:
/ˈsæl.jʊ.tri//-ter.i/adjectiveformal有益的
causingimprovementofbehaviourorcharacter
asalutaryexperience/asalutaryreminderofthedangersofmountainclimbing
2.impede:
/ɪmˈpiːd/verb[T]formal阻碍;妨碍;阻止
toslowdownorcauseproblemsfortheachievementorfinishingofsomething
Althoughhe'sshy,itcertainlyhasn'timpededhiscareerinanyway.
3.simulate:
/ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪt/verb[T]模拟的;假的
todoormakesomethingwhichlooksrealbutisnotreal
Incheapfurniture,plasticisoftenusedtosimulatewood.
Somedrivingteachersusecomputerstosimulate(=represent)differentroadconditionsforlearnerstopractiseon.
Practice3AntonymsP25
1succinct:
/səkˈsɪŋkt/adjectiveapproving简明的;简洁的;简要的
saidinaclearandshortway;expressingwhatneedstobesaidwithoutunnecessary