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上大综英和答案
上海大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:
综合英语
SECTION1:
READINGCOMPREHENSION(45points)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillfindtwopassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbysome
questions.Readthepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsinyourownwordsonyour
AnswerSheet.Pleasenotethateachresponseshouldbelimitedtolessthantenwordsinorderto
bevalid.
Questions1~5
AnessaythatappealschieflytotheintellectisFrancisBacon’s“OfStudies.”Hiscareful
tripartitedivisionofstudiesexpressedsuccinctlyinaphoristicprosedemandsthecomplete
attentionofthemindofthereader.Heconsidersstudiesastheyshouldbe:
forpleasure,for
self-improvement,andforbusiness.Heconsiderstheevilsofexcessstudy:
laziness,affectation,
andpreciosity.Bacondividesbooksintothreecategories:
thosetobereadinpart,thosetoberead
cursorily,andthosetobereadwithcare.Studiesshouldincludereading,whichgivesdepth,
speakingwhichaddsreadinessofthought,andwritingwhichtrainsinpreciseness.Somewhat
mistakenly,theauthorascribescertainvirtuestoindividualfieldsofstudy:
wisdomtohistory,wit
topoetry,subtletytomathematicsanddepthtonaturalphilosophy.Bacon’sfour-hundred-word
essay,studdedwithLatinphrasesandhighlycompressedinthought,hasintellectualappeal
indeed.
1.WhatisBacon’stripartitedivisionofstudies?
2.Whatdoestheword“affectation”(Line4)mean?
3.WhatisBacon’scriterionfordividingbooksintothreecategories?
4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutBacon’sascribingcertainvirtuestoindividualfieldsof
study?
5.WhatcharacterizesBacon’s“OfStudies”?
Questions6~15
Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesor
sciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealing
withmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindof
historicalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.In
thefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeof
understanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman
Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknow
thattheworldexisted,andtheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathe
himselfwasofacertainkind,hewouldn’tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsof
knowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalso
contributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.
Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyand
autonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhave
immediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscope
isinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-known
example.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconic
NBF辅导,真正为考研人着想的辅导!
NBF考研辅导,全程包过,不过退款!
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section,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeuseful,itwould
nothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenature
ofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectual
curiosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcely
conceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehuman
spiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresults
thatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.
6.Whatdoesscientificknowledgeconsistof?
7.Wheredomostimportantadvancesmadebymankindcomefrom?
8.Doestheauthorincludethestudyofliteratureamongthesciences?
9.Whatmayweexpecttheauthortodiscussintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassage?
10.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimal?
11.Whatdoesmanseekpureortheoreticalknowledgefor?
12.WeretheGreekswhostudiedconicsectionsawareofthevalueoftheirstudies?
13.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
14.Doesthepracticalscientistknowthevalueofwhathewilldiscover?
15.Whatdoestheword“disinterestedly”(Lastlineofthispassage)probablymean?
SECTION2:
CLOZE(25points)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillfindapassagewith25wordsmissing.Readthepassage
carefullyandthenfillineachoftheblankswithONEsuitableword.Remembertowriteyour
responsesonyourAnswerSheet.
Iliketheidea__
(1)__“theEnglish(language)islikeanEnglishpark,whichis__
(2)__out
Seeminglywithoutanydefiniteplan,andin__(3)__youareallowedtowalk
everywhere__(4)__toyourfancy__(5)__havingtofearasternkeeperenforcingrigorous
regulations.”Considerthatthesameculturalsoil,theCeltic-Roman-Saxon-Danish-Norman
almalgam,which__(6)__theEnglishlanguagealsonourishedthegreatprinciplesoffreedomand
rightsof__(7)__inthemodernworld.Thefirstshoots__(8)__upinEnglandandtheygrew
strongerin__(9)__.Churchillcalled__(10)__“thejointinheritanceoftheEnglish-speaking
world.”Attheverycoreofthose__(11)__arepopularconsentandresistance__(12)__arbitrary
authority;botharefundamentalcharacteristicsoftheEnglishlanguage.TheEnglish-speaking
peoplehavedefeatedalleffortstobuild__(13)__aroundtheirlanguage,todefer__(14)__an
academy
onwhatwaspermissibleEnglishand__(15)__not.Theyhavedecidedforthemselves.
Nothingbetterexpressesresistancetoarbitrary__(16)__thanthepersistenceof__(17)__
grammarianshavedenouncedforcenturies__(18)__“errors.”Inthecommonspeechof
English-speakingpeoples—Americans,Englishmen,Canadians,Australians,NewZealanders,and
others—theseusagespersist,__(19)__risingliteracyandwidereducation.Wehearthese“errors”
everyday,__(20)__as“Idon’twantnoneofthat,”“Don’tmakethatanymoreheavier,”and“Will
youlearnmetoread?
”Theyhavebeen__(21)__usforatleastfourhundredyears,becauseyou
canfindeachoftheminsuchworksas“Hamlet”and“Othello”by__(22)__.Hiddeninthisisa
simplefact:
theEnglishlanguageisnotthespecialprivate__(23)__ofthelanguagepolice,or
grammarians,orteachers,orevengreatwriters.Thegeniusof__(24)__isthatithasalwaysbeen
thetongueofthe__(25)__people,literateornot.Englishbelongstoeverybody!
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SECTION3:
TRANSLATION(30points)
PartA:
English-ChineseTranslation
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourversiononyour
AnswerSheet.
TheRiseofRealism
BetweentheworkofHawthorneandMelville,themajornovelistsofthe1850s,andthework
ofTwain,JamesandHowells,themajornovelistsofthelastquarterofthecentury,fallsthe
shadowoftheAmericanCivilWar(1861—1865).InhisfamousGettysburgaddressAbraham
Lincolndescribedtheconflictintermsofepicsimplicity:
Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfatherssetforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceived
inlibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedina
greatcivilwar,testingwhetherthisnation,oranyothernationsoconceivedandsodedicatedcan
longendure.Intheevent,thewarshowedthatthenationcouldendure-butonlyinapermanently
changedand,insomerespects,adeeplyscarredform.
TheresultoftheCivilWarwasnotjustthetriumphoftheabolitionistsovertheslave-owners
ItwasalsothetriumphoftheindustrialNorthovertheagrarianSouth.Despitethemuch-vaunted
programof“Reconstruction,”theSouthernstateslongremainedravagedanddispiritedterritory;
thewarleftalegacyofbitternessthathasnotyetdisappearedfromAmericanpolitics.IntheNorth
ontheotherhand,theaftermathofwarbroughtfinancialboom.TheNorth'sprosperitywas
increasedbyrapidmechanizationandindustrialization,itspopulationswelledbynewinfluxesof
foreignimmigrants.TocontemporaryobserverscitieslikeBoston,NewYork,Philadelphiaand
Chicagopresentedadoubleimage.Onthesurfacetherewaselegance,securityandcomfort;but
underneaththerewasalltheseethingdiscontentwhichaccompaniesthegrowthofanymodern
industrialsociety.
PartB:
Chinese-EnglishTranslation
Directions:
TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourversiononyour
AnswerSheet.
无人知是荔枝来
在京欲食鲜荔枝者,上周可在果摊觅得。
其上市系一新景;盖归功于华南种荔枝者日增,
与北来运输业之改善。
若干世纪之前,来京华之荔枝仅限帝王及皇室所享用者。
据传,荔枝在一代帝王之“后
宫轶事”中,分量不轻。
或曰,荔枝之形貌、醇香、及其甘美回味,均非其他果类所可与伦比。
红皮之内,果肉
晶莹,含汁欲滴,内核椭圆,呈棕色,光滑似佛珠。
或曰,荔枝在传说及诗歌中所占之地位,亦非其他果类所可与伦比。
试举一例。
早在唐初,荔枝已属享有盛名之美味。
玄宗之宠杨贵妃,嗜之尤甚。
玄宗为取悦贵妃,
差人南下,将荔枝送回长安。
有鉴于炎夏荔枝易腐,玄宗乃下令,将荔枝密封于竹管内,标以“军机急件”之类字样,
由驿站辗转送抵京城,骑者信以为真。
凡怠慢者,处以死刑,故骑者与马匹常有累死于途中
者。
唐代诗人杜牧,有感于此,命笔成诗,诗曰:
“长安回望绣成堆,山顶千门次第开。
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一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来。
”
贵妃之笑,并不长久。
玄宗之荒淫与玩忽国事,激怒一将军,于是兵变起…玄宗遂令一
太监,扼死贵妃云云。
贵妃之悲剧,固非全然起因于酷爱荔枝。
但此段传闻可使人明瞭,当年荔枝保鲜,殊非
易事。
SECTION4:
WRITING(50points)
Directions:
Inthissection,youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan500wordsonthe
topic“ShanghaiUniversityIsMyChoice.”Remembertowriteyourcompositionclearlyand
convincinglyonyourAnswerSheet
参考答案
上海大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:
综合英语
SECTION1:
READINGCOMPREHENSION(45points)
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillfindtwopassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbysome
qu