医学人文英语教程答案.docx

医学人文英语教程答案.docx

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医学人文英语教程答案

Unit1.Historyofmedicine

Keys

TextA

LanguageFocus

Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary,andpayattentiontothetense,voiceandcollocationsoftheverbs.

1.iscreditedwith;

2.aresometimesreferredtoas;

3.wassupposedto;

4.wereespousedby;

5.inadditionto;

6.wasattributedto;

7.categorize;

8.isgivencreditfor;

9.though.

SentenceSimulation

（略）

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.Hippocratesproposedthehumoraltheorythatthebodyofmanhasfourdistinctbodilyfluidsinitself:

blood,phlegm,yellowbileandblackbile,differentmixtureofwhichleadstodifferenttemperaments.

2.InancientGreece,careerasadoctorwaspassedonfromfathertoson,soHippocratesstudiedmedicineunderhisfatherfromhisearlyage.

3.AncientGreekmedicinewasafieldrestrictedbyreligioussuperstitionwherewizardscureddiseasesbymeansofprayer,magicorritualrecitationofspells.

4.ItnowappearsthatHippocrateswasincorrectinhisexplanationofthecausesofhumantemperament,buthistemperamentcategoriesandnameshavebeeninuseeversince.

5.AncientWesterndoctorsabouttoentermedicalpracticewererequiredtotakeanoathonmedicalethics,whichwasderivedfromtheoathofHippocrates,anancientGreekphysicianreveredas"fatherofmedicine”intheWest.

6.AsthefatherofWesternmedicine,Hippocratesisthefirsttoformulatethecodeofethicsthatdoctorsarerequiredtocomplywith.Furthermore,hismedicalopinionsandmedicalpracticehaveexertedahugeinfluenceonthedevelopmentofWesternmedicineforcenturies.

TextB

AnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotextByouhaveread.

1.Fourtraditionalexaminationmethods:

looking,listeningandsmelling,asking,andtouching.

2.①TCMcanmakediagnosesandtreatpatientswithoutneedingascientificunderstandingofcauseandpathogenesis.②thefundamentalsofTCMremainlargelyunchangedanditstheoriesinexplicabletoscience.

3.①themethodologicalqualityoftrialsislow.②MostofthesetrialsarepublishedinChinese,inaccessibletowesterndoctors,andnotincludedinsystematicreviews.③Selectivepublicationofpositivetrialsisanotherproblem.

4.AllnaturalphenomenacouldbecategorisedintoYinandYang（twoopposite,complementary,interdependent,andexchangeableaspectsofnature）,everythingintheuniverseconsistedoffivebasicelements（wood,fire,earth,metal,andwater）,andtheuniversewasconstantlychangingtowardsdynamicbalanceorharmony.YinreferslargelytothematerialaspectsoftheorganismandYangtofunctions.ThereisacirculationofQi（energy）andblood.TheorgansworktogetherbyregulatingandpreservingQiandbloodthroughtheso-calledchannelsandcollaterals.DiseaseoccursafteradisturbanceinYin-YangorflowofQiorblood,ordisharmonyintheorganscausedbypathogenic（eg,sadness,joy,lifestyle）andclimaticfactors（dampness,heat,cold）.Treatmentaimstoexpelorsuppressthecauseandrestorebalance.

Unit2Healthprofessionalsforanewcentury

TextA

LanguageFocus

Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.integration

2.keptpacewith

3.adopts

4.Inviewof

5.effectiveness

6.ultimate

7.acquiring

8.attributes

9.shifts

10.encounter

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

7.Medicalscienceisnolongersimplybiomedicine,butacomprehensivedisciplineofhumanities,socialsciencesandbiomedicine.

8.Scienceandtechnologydevelopment,alongwithsocialprogress,hasputforwardhigherdemandsandgreaterchallengesonhighermedicaleducation.

9.Medicaleducationischaracterizedbyahighdegreeofspecializationandpracticality,aswellasacomparativelyhighcostandalongtrainingcycle.

10.Itisthemaintaskofmedicalschoolstotraingooddoctorsneededbythepeople.

11.Theobjectiveofclinicalmedicaleducationistotraincapableandwellqualifiedacademicdoctorswithasolidprofessionalfoundationandabroadspectrumofknowledge.

12.Theinnovationofteachingmethodshasnotonlyimprovedthestudents'initiativeandenthusiasmtolearn,butalsoenhancedthequalityofclinicalteachingandpractice.

13.Inspiteofitsgreatprogress,ourcountry’smedicaleducationstillfailstokeeppacewithsocialprogress,developmentofscienceandtechnology,andneedsformedicalandhealthreform.

Translatethefollowingpassage/sentenceintoChinese.

1.过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。

第一个时代始于20世纪初，注重教授科学课程。

大约于20世纪中期，第二个时代的改革开启了问题导向式的教学革新。

现在，我们需要进行体系导向式的第三个时代的教育改革，通过调整核心专业技能使其适应特定环境，同时借鉴国际化知识，从而提升医疗体系的性能。

2.迁移学习是一种重要成果，其包含了三个基本的转变：

从对事实的记忆转变为对信息的搜索、分析和综合从而作出决策；从追求专业文凭转变为实现核心竞争力从而达到医疗体系里有效的团队协作；还有，从对教育模式不带批判的照搬应用转变为对整体资源的创造性改造以应对局部的重点问题。

3.医护人员在过去一个世纪以来对人类健康和发展做出了巨大贡献，然而，自满只会让人们继续徒劳地采用20世纪的教育策略，而无法应对21世纪的挑战。

TextB

AnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotextByouhaveread.

1.Becauseitiscrucialtotackletheobstaclesofthe21stcentury.

2.Theoutcome-basedcorecurriculumhasservedasaframeworkinmanycountries,andcanbeadjustedforspecificlocalneedsaspostulatedbythecommissioners.

3.Studentsparticipateinaninternationalforumwhichbringstogetherstudentsofmedicine,nursing,pharmacy,andalliedhealthprofessions（namely,theWorldHealthcareStudentsSymposium）.ThebenefitsoftheannualWorldHealthcareStudentsSymposiaareforstudentstolearntounderstandthedifferentprofessionsanddiscussthebestwaysofeffectiveandfruitfulcollaboration.

4.Theauthorsthinktheproposedfocusontheimplementationofinnovativeandpromisinginformationandcommunicationtechnologiesmeritsattentionandbelieveinitspotentialbenefitsfortheeducationofmedicalstudents.Accordingtotheauthors,studentsfromlow-incomecountrieswithalackofresourcescanespeciallybenefitfromsuchinitiativesasthewebsiteHealthSciencesOnline,althoughsuchfreeinitiativesshouldnotcounteracttheproposaltofocusdevelopmentassistancemorestronglyonhealthprofessionals’education.

5.Yes.Studentinitiativeshavetackledclimatechange,migranthealth,andotherissuesofglobalandnationalrelevance.

6.Overall,medicalstudentsworldwidehavebeenplayinganactiveroleinimplementingtherecommendationsoftheGlobalCommissionmainlybydevelopingtheirownoutcome-basedcorecurriculaandlaunchinganinternationalforumwhichbringstogetherstudentsofmedicine,nursing,pharmacy,andalliedhealthprofessions,amongotherinitiatives.

Unit3Health-caresystem

Keys

TextA

LanguageFocus

Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Compliance；

2.disparity；

3.prescribe；

4.maneuver；

5.commonplace；

6.underserved；

7.reconcile；

8.fragments；

9.plight；

10.invasive.

Translatethefollowingpassage/sentenceintoEnglish.

1.ManyotherAmericansaredeniedinsuranceduetopreviousillnessesorconditionsthatinsurancecompaniesdecidearetooriskyorexpensivetocover.

2.Healthcarereformwillreduceourdeficitbymorethan$100billionoverthenextdecadeandmorethan$1trillioninthedecadeafterthat.Sothisisn’tradicalreform.Butitismajorreform.

3.Anestimatedeighty-threepercentofpeopleunderagesixty-fivewhoareintheUnitedStateslegallynowhaveinsurancecoverage.

4.Thisyearthelawwillstartclosingwhatisknownas"thedoughnuthole."ThatisalackofMedicarecoverageforsomedrugcostsforolderAmericans.

5.PresidentObamapromisedseniorcitizensthatthehealthcarereformwillnotcuttheirguaranteedbenefits.

TextB

AnswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotextByouhaveread.

1－4（略）

5.①TheSARSepidemicandrisingpublicdiscontentgeneratedthepoliticalwilltofundamentallyreformthesystem,includingapartialresumptionofcentralmanagementofpublic-healthservicesandamajorreallocationofcentralresourcestoaddressinequitiesinhealth.②Theoutcomeofthesepost-SARSreformsremainsuncertain,buttherearereasonsforoptimism.（a）Centralfundingissupportingthere-introductionofaNewCooperativeMedicalSysteminruralareasandaparallelprogrammefortheuninsuredinurbanareasthatplanstoachieveuniversalcoverageby2020.（b）Chinacanaccomplishinhealthcarereform.TheexemplarynationalmonitoringsystemforinfectiousdiseasesimplementedaftertheSARSepidemic（whichprovidesreal-timereportsofcasesacrossthecountry）andtheeffectivepublic-healthresponsetotheearthquakeinSichuanareexamples

6.Themostimportanttaskaheadistofocusattentionandresourcesonimprovingthequality,comprehensiveness,andcost-effectivenessofservices.

Unit4CancerandLife

Keys

TextA

LanguageFocus

Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

1.Eradication

2.Deterioration

3.Withstand

4.Overwhelm

5.Recurrent

6.Prove

7.Outburst

8.Diverge

VocabularyEnlargement&Reinforcement

1.Routine

2.Advanced

3.Chronic

4.Undersiege

5.Physical&emotional

6.Malignant

7.Riskfactor

8.Steadydecline

9.Affluent

10.Admit

11.Severelyweaken

12.Wellupwith

13.Recurrence

14.Undergo

15.Outlines

16.Gastrointestinal

17.Withstand

18.Chores

19.Theunexpectedpublicarisingof…

20.Spasms

21.Chronicle

22.Flickeracross

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.奥唐奈女士一个月前的例行乳房X光检查并没有显示出肿瘤的迹象。

但在夏威夷为期两周的假期里，肿块迅速生长，因此她回印第安纳州后就马上去看医生。

2.1995年2月奥唐奈女士开始化疗，做了两次手术，包括乳房切除，并于1995年8月完成化疗。

她现在被认为是治愈了。

3.当夫妻二人有人对奥唐奈女士的治疗感到恐惧害怕时，他们会向对方要求一段时间不谈癌症，可能持续一小时或一天，在此期间，他们同意谈话不涉及她的健康危机。

4.他们意识到夫妇两人共同的路突然分开了。

他们经历同样的事情，但却有了完全不同的感受。

5.但他发现，他的信仰——不仅是宗教信仰，也包括对婚姻能承受长期压力的信念——正受到考验。

6.他们夫妻所经历的困难被公诸于众，甚至仅是在她朋友圈中公开，但这不期意的公开，令奥唐奈女士感到震惊。

TextB

Answerthe