宾语从句.docx
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宾语从句
一、连词（引导词）
1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
eg.LinTaofeels（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.
Shesays（that）shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.
Jimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.
Hesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句.
vI’msorry（that）Idon’tknow.
vWe’resure（that）ourteamwillwin.
vI’mafraid（that）hewon’tpasstheexam
2当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：
“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略.
vLilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.
vLet’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.
vSheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.
vNote:
只用whether的六种情况：
v1. 在带to的动词不定式前Hedoesn’tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.
v2. 在介词后I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.
v3. 直接与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.
v4. 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
vWhetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.
v5引导表语从句Thequestioniswhetherhewillacceptit.
v6引导同位语从句Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptitconfusesus.
v
3当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略
Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?
vIdon’trememberwhenwearrived.
vIaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.
vPleasetellmewho（whom）wehavetosee.
vDoyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?
4带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句
vCouldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?
vCouldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?
vCouldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?
vIdon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.
vPleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool.
vCanyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?
vPleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.
二、时态
1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）
vIknowheliveshere.
vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.
vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow
2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）
v
vIknewwholivedhere.
vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.
vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.
vHesaidthathehadseenit.
3当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。
vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.
三、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：
连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分.
1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?
正：
Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.
误：
Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.
2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?
正：
Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.
误：
Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy
3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?
正：
Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?
误：
Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?
1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?
2.Mr.SmithhasbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.
JimtoldLinTao.
JimtoldLinTao（that）MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears
3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?
Pleasetellme.
PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.
4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.
Ourteachertoldusinyesterday’sclass.
Ourteachertoldus（that）lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday’sclass.
宾语从句需要注意的一些点:
1. that的省略：
当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that,其他不能省略。
eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．
2. 宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。
如：
我认为鸡不会游泳。
误：
Ithinkchickenscannotswim.正：
Idon’tthinkchickenscanswim.
此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句，如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。
试比较：
Ithinkheiswrong,isn’the?
Hethinksheisright,doesn’the?
（1）．Idon’tthinkheisright,__________?
A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI
（2）.Hebelievessheisright,__________?
A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe
难点：
1.从句中的语序为陈述语序；
e.g.*Doyouknowhowoldisshe?
（应改为：
…howoldsheis）
2.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
e.g.*Shedidn’ttellmewhenshewillcome.（应改为：
…whenshewouldcome）
3.转换：
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型上的转换。
e.g.I’venoideawhatwe’regoingtodonext.=I’venoideawhattodonext.
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
=Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
难点：
宾语从句中的It
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
Ithinkitnousecrying.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.
Pleaseseetoitthatthedoorisclosed
Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatwehelpyou.
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.
.Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.
A.itB.thisC.thatD.what
（5）.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
重点：
宾语从句中的虚拟
1）suggest,order,insist,propose,宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，sb（should）do...
Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.
Theteachersuggestedthatwe（should）cleantheblackboardafterclass.
Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.
2）wish接虚拟
IwishIwereyou.
IwishIhadn'tknownyou.
IwishIcouldgoabroadoneday.
3）在句型"Itisimportant（necessary,strange,natural）that...."中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：
（should）+动词原形，如：
It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。
It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。
It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykind
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