大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文教学教材.docx
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大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文教学教材
大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习（英文）
希腊罗马神话复习
一．单选（课文）10分
二．判断（课文）10分
三．表格（默写）20分
Greek
Roman
RoleinMythology
Aphrodite
Venus
Goddessofbeauty,sexualdesire.（RM:
goddessofgardensandfields.）
Apollo
Apollo
Godofprophecy,medicineandarchery（lateGreek/RM:
godofsun）
Ares
Mars
Godofwar
Artemis
Diana
Goddessofthehunt（lateGreek/RM:
goddessofmoon）
Asclepius
Aesculapius
Godofmedicine
Athena
Minerva
Goddessofartsandcraftsandwar;helperofheroes（lateGreek/Rm:
goddessofwisdom）
Cronus
Sarturn
Godofthesky;ruleroftheTitans（RM:
goddessofagriculture）
Demeter
Ceres
Goddessofgrain
Dionysus
Bacchus
Godofwineandvegetation
Eros
Cupid
Godoflove
Gaea
Tellus
MotherEarth
Hades
Pluto
Godoftheunderworld;lordofthedead
Hephaestus
Vulcan
Godoffire;blacksmithofthegods
Hera
Juno
Goddessofmarriageandchildbirth;protectorofmarriedwomen;queenofthegods
Hermes
Mercury
Messengersofthegods;protectoroftravelers,thieves,andmerchants
Hestia
Vesta
Guardianofthehome
Poseidon
Neptune
Godoftheseaandearthquakes
Rhea
Ops
WifeofCronus/Sarturn;MotherGoddess
Uranus
Uranus
Godofthesky;fatheroftheTitans
Zeus
Jupiter
Rulerofthegods
四．名词解释（课后）20分
C1
1.delphic:
ItrelatestoDelphi.Itmeansambiguous.
2.Olypian:
ItrelatestoOlympianGods.Itmeansthatsomeoneislikeagod,especiallybybeingcalmandnotconcernedaboutordinarythings.
3.martial:
ItrelatestoMars.Itmeanssomethingconnectedwithwarandfighting.
4.nemesis:
ItrelatestoNemesis.Itmeansapunishmentthatisdeservedandcannotbeavoided.
5.titanic:
ItrelatestoTitans.Itmeanssomethingbig,strongandpowerful.
C2
1.Junoesque:
ItrelatestoJuno.ItmeanssomeoneiselegantandbeautifullikeJuno.
2.Argus-eyed:
ItrelatestoArgus.Itmeanssomeoneiswatchfulandalert.
3.satyr/satyriasis:
ItrelatestoSatyr.Itmeanssomeonethathasanabnormallyintensesexualdesireinmen.
4.mercurial:
ItrelatestoMercury.Itmeanshavingfeelingsthatchangesuddenlyandwithoutwarning.
C4
1.chaotic:
ItrelatestoChaos.Itmeansmessyanddisorder.
2.Pandora’sbox:
ItrelatestoPandora.Itmeanstherootoftroubles.
3.Promethean:
ItrelatestoPrometheus.ItmeansapersonwhoresemblesPrometheus.
C6
1.Dionysiac:
ItrelatestoDionysus.ItmeansSensuality,debauchery,andrevelry.
C7
1.Midas’/ass’sears:
ItrelatestoMidas.ItmeansAsecretthatcannotbehid.Italsomenassomeoneisshallowanduninformed.
2.Midas/thegoldentouch:
ItrelatestoMidas.Itmeanstouchingastoneandturningitintogold.
3.cuttheGordianknot:
ItrelatestoAlexander.Itmeanssolvingacomplexproblemwithaboldstrike.
C8
1.cereal:
ItrelatestoCeres.Itmeansgrains.
2.aureole:
ItrelatestoAurora.Itmeansabrightcircleoflight.
C9
1.Charon’sboat/ferry:
ItrelatestoCharon.Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.
2.crosstheStyx:
Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.
C12
1.gain/reap/win（one’s）laurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeansgainingone’shonors.
2.Looktoone’slaurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstoworkhardinordernottolosetheachievement.
3.rest/repose/retire/sit（back）onone’slaurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstosatisfywithwhatyouhaveachievedandstoptrying.
4.aNoble/poetlaureate:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstobeanoblepricewinner.
C13
1.cupidity:
ItrelatestoCupid.Itmeansaverystrongdesireforsomething.
2.erotic:
ItrelatestoEros.Itmeanssexualexcitement.
C14
1.Aphrodite’sgirdle:
ItrelatestoAphrodite.Itmeansunlimitedfemalesexuality.
2.adonis:
ItrelatestoAdonis.Itmeanssomeoneisahandsomeyoungman.
C16
1.Narcissism:
ItrelatestoNarcissus.Itmeansthehabitofalwaysthinkingaboutyourselfandadmiringyourself.
C17
1.Pygmalioneffect:
ItrelatestoPygmalion.Itisaphenomenoninwhichthegreatertheexpectationplaceduponpeople,thebettertheyperform.
C18
1.atlantean:
ItrelatestoAtalanta.Itmeansstrong,powerfulandgigantic.
2.Mountone’sPegasus:
ItrelatestoPegasus.Itmeanstowriteapoem.
3.achimerainone’sbrain:
ItrelatestoPerseus.Itmeansthefantasyinone’smind.
C20
1.thechoiceofHeracles:
ItrelatestoHeracles.Itmeanssomeoneisinadilemma.
2.CleansetheAugeanStable:
ItrelatestoAugeas.Itmeanstoremovesomethingtotally.
3.Herculeaneffort:
ItrelatestoHercules.Itmeansgreateffort.
C21
1.sowdragon’steeth:
Itmeanstoprovokewarbyspreadingdispute;orcultivatewarriorsormonster.
2.aCadmean/Pyrrhicvictory:
ItrelatestoCadmus.Itmeansavictorythatcomesatagreatcost.
C22
1.sphinxriddle:
ItrelatestoSphinx.Itmeansapuzzlewhichisverydifficulttosolve.
C24
1.theappleofdiscord:
Itmeanstherootofthetroubleandanysubjectofpossibleofcontentionordisagreement.
2.Achilles’heel:
ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeansaweakpointinsomethingthatisotherwiseperfect.
3.hector:
ItrelatestoHector.Itmeanstointimidate or dominate in a blustering way.
4.AchillesandPatroclus:
ItrelatestoAchillesandPatroclus.Itmeansmalefriendship,aheroicfriendship.
5.FightlikeaTrojan:
Itmeanstofightwithgreatdetermination.
6.SulkylikeAchillesinhistent:
ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeanssulky.
7.aTrojanhorse:
Itmeansthehiddendanger.
8.Myrmidon:
Itmeansafaithfulfollowerwhocarriesoutorderswithoutquestion.
9.HelenofTrojan:
ItrelatestoHelen.Itmeanstherootofwar;abeautywhoruinshercountry;aterribledisasterbroughtbysomebodyorsomethingyoulikebest.
10.Greekgift:
Itmeansagiftwithevilpurposeoftheenemy;agifttomurder.
五．简答题20分
C1
1.WhatdidtheancientGreeksknowabouttheirworld?
TheGreeksbelievedtheearthtobeflatandcircular,theirowncountryoccupyingthemiddleofit,thecentralpointbeingeitherMountOlympus,TheearthisdividedintotwoequalpartsbytheSea.AroundtheearthflowedtheRiverOcean.
2.Towhichplaceweremortalsfavoredbythegodstakenwhentheydied?
TheAethiopians.
3.HowdidZeusdividetheruleoftheworldwithhisbrother?
Zeus’sportionwastheheavens,Poseidon’stheoceanandHades’stherealmsofthedead.
4.HowwasVenusmarriedofftoVulcan?
JupitergavehertoVulcan,ingratitudefortheservicehehadrenderedinforgingthunderbolts.
5.HowdidtheFatesmeteouthumandestiny?
Thethreegoddesseswereassigneddistincttask:
Clothospunthe“thread”ofhumanfate,LachesisdispenseditandAtroposcutit.
C2
1.WhatwasZeus’usualwayofhidinghisscandals?
HeraisedacloudtohidesomeofhisdoingsthatwouldnotbearthelightandHeturnedthegirlintoananimal.
2.Howdidthemusicalinstrument“panpipe”comeintobeing?
PanfellinlovewithAnymphcalledSyrinx,whowasafaithfulworshipperofArtemis.Hechasedhertothebankofriver.Withthewaternymph’shelp,Syrinxwasturnedintoreeds.Panwassosadandhemadeaninstrumentwiththereeds,whichcalledSyrinx.Andthatisthepanpipe.
3.HowcanyouaccountforZeus’spromiscuity?
ThepromiscuityofZeusservesmorethanentertainingpurposes.Itisoutofpoliticalpurpose.Menhaveapowerfulabilitytoreproduceinordertoreproducemoreoffspring,.Formostofthepeopleintheworldflowshisblood,isoneofthemethodscanhavemorefaithfulfollows.Andthenumberofthefaithfulfollowsdecidewhetherhisregimeisfirm.
C4
1.WhatwasthedirectcauseofPrometheus’obtainingfireforman?
WhenEpimetheuscreatedman,hehadnothingleftforhim.
2.WhatattitudetowardwomenisshownthroughthestoryofPandora?
ThestoryshowstheancientGreeksthoughtwomenwereinferiorandaffiliatedtomen,andtheyweretherootevilandtrouble.
3.Whichageofmanappliestoourownage?
Pleaseelaborate.
IthinkweareintheIronAge.Peopleworkdayandnightandman’scharacterismorecomplex,thoughmixedwithkindness,butmoreevil.Humanwantstoruleeverything.Peoplenolongertrusteachother.Marriedpeopledonotloveeachother.Vowsareregardedasdust.Kindnessandjusticearenolongerseenasthenormofconduct,butmerelyviolence.
4.Howisthefirstwomanoftendescribedasa“lovelyevil”?
HowdoesshecomparewithEveintheBookofGenesis?
Pandoraisdescribedasa“lovelyevil”becauseshewasthemostbeautifulandsweetestwoman,butsheopenedboxandmademanyevilthingsfree.
BothPandoraandEvearebeauties.Theyarealsodescribedastherootoftroublestotaketheblameforthemalesociety.Buttheywerecreatedoutofdifferentpurpose.PandorawascreatedasthecostofPrometheusstealingthefireforman.Shesymbolizesagreattemptationandhumanmisery.Eveisinferiorandaffiliatedtothemanandjustlikeaslaveandshewascreatedtohelpman.
5.WhydidZeustrytowithholdfirefromhumanbeings?
Becausefireisasymbolfortechnologyandcivilization.A basic distinction in myth between raw & cooked and wild & civilized.As a revenge for Prometheus' earlier theft of the finest sacrificial portions.
By withholding fire, Zeus makes the division of the sacrifice impracticable. The humiliation of Zeus prompted him to take the extreme measure of withholding fire from mankind, without which man would soon be little more than animals.
C6
1.WhatledtoBacchus’wanderings?
Bacchus invented how to plant grapes and brew wine. He was wandering around
and spread this kind of knowledge to bring people the joy of drinking.
C7
1.HowdidMidasacquirethepowerofturningeverythingtogold?
Because Midas rescued Bacchus’steacher, Slilenus, and treated him hospitably, entertaining
him for ten days and nights with an unceasing round of jollity. In return, Bacchus gave him the
power of turning everything to gold.
C8
1.WhatmadeHadesfallinlovewithProserpine?
As signs of womanly beauty began to shine along side he
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