人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业 十四 必修3 Unit 4.docx

人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业 十四 必修3 Unit 4.docx

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人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业十四必修3Unit4

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课时提升作业十四

必修3　Unit4　Astronomy:

thescienceofthestars

（限时35分钟）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

　　Foryournextout-of-this-worldvacation,younowhavetheoptionofliterallygoingoutofthisworld—butit’llcostyou$40million.Thenagain,canyoureallyputapricetagonhavingthetimeofyourlife?

AccordingtoanewreportfromPopularMechanics,Russiaislookingtobuildaluxuryhotelinouterspace.Thereyouwillwakeuptoabreathtakingblueplanet—theearth!

ThehotelisexpectedtobestationedontheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）.

Whilespacetourismitselfisn’texactlyanovelidea,thenotionofbuildingahotelouttherehasn’tbeenraisedbefore.Really,othercompaniesarestillfocusedonthetransportationpartofthepuzzle—afterall,atriptospaceisenoughformostfolks. 

AccordingtoPopularMechanics,thehotelwillincludealuxuryorbitalsuitewithbigwindows,personalhygiene（卫生）facilities,exerciseequipment,andyes,Wi-fi.Becauseifyoucan’tshareyourexperienceonsocialmedia,diditreallyevenhappen?

Ofcourse,thereasonsbehindthehotelaren’tjustforfunandgames.Apparently,spacetourismmightbeabletohelptheRussianspayforanothermoduletoaddtotheinternationalSpaceStation.RussianspacecontractorRKKEnergiaiscurrentlybuildingthefirstsuchmodule,whichwillgivescientistsalaboratoryandpowersupplystationfromwhichtoconducttests.

Ifanyofthisisgoingtohappen,however,Russiaisgoingtohavetohurry.WiththeISSexpectedtobeoutofusein2028,there’slittletimetobuildthehotelandfindwealthytouriststoactuallybuyatripintoouterspace.

Soifyou’verecentlycomeintoafortuneandareinterestedininvestinginwhatcouldbethetimeofyourlife,ISSiscallingyourname.

【文章大意】本文讲述的是“太空旅行”。

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthehotelfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Itisquiteaffordable.

B.ItwillbebuiltinRussia.

C.Itwillofferanamazingview.

D.Itcosts$40milliontobuild.

【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

根据第一段中Thereyouwillwakeuptoabreathtakingblueplanet—theearth!

可知,它将提供令人惊讶的景色。

故选C。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thepuzzle”inParagraph2referto?

A.Anorbitalsuite.　　　B.Spacetourism.

C.Spaceexploration.D.Acreativeidea.

【解析】选B。

词义猜测题。

根据第二段中Whilespacetourismitselfisn’texactlyanovelidea,thenotionofbuildingahotelouttherehasn’tbeenraisedbefore.Really,othercompaniesarestillfocusedonthetransportationpartofthepuzzle—afterall,atriptospaceisenoughformostfolks.可知,“thepuzzle”指的是“太空旅游”,故选B。

3.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Hotelguestswon’tbeabletoseeintospace.

B.Visitorsarerequiredtotakeexerciseeachday.

C.SpacetravelisnotpossiblewithouttheInternet.

D.Touriststendtosharetravelingexperiencesonline.

【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

根据第三段中Becauseifyoucan’tshareyourexperienceonsocialmedia,diditreallyevenhappen?

可知,游客们喜欢在网上分享旅行经历。

4.ThehotelwillbebuilttoprovideRussianscientistswith_________. 

A.funandgames

B.financialsupport

C.spacecontractors

D.moretimeinspace

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据第四段中Apparently,spacetourismmightbeabletohelptheRussianspayforanothermoduletoaddtotheinternationalSpaceStation.可知,该酒店将为俄罗斯科学家提供资金支持。

故选B。

【知识拓展】难句解读

RussianspacecontractorRKKEnergiaiscurrentlybuildingthefirstsuchmodule,whichwillgivescientistsalaboratoryandpowersupplystationfromwhichtoconducttests.

翻译:

俄国航空承包商RKKEnergia最近正在建这样的航空舱,这座航空舱将给科学家提供实验室和给实验提供能源的供应站。

分析:

本句中whichwillgivescientistsalaboratoryandpowersupplystationfromwhichtoconducttests为定语从句修饰thefirstsuchmodule,在定语从句中fromwhichtoconducttests也是定语从句修饰前面的powersupplystation。

B

　　YoumayhaveneverheardofLanthanum,CeriumorNeodymium,buttheseelements（元素）andothersknownas“rareearth”playamajorroleinmoderntechnology.Theycanactuallybefoundinmanyplacesontheearth,butnotinquantitiesthatcanbemined.Onlyafewcountries—China,America,India,Australia,BrazilandMalaysiahaveanythatcanbeminedenoughtobetraded.

EventhoughsomeoftheseelementssuchasCeriumareasabundantasCopper,theyarenotfoundinconcentratedamountsontheearth’ssurface.Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals,whichmakesextraction（提取）oftheseelementsanexpensiveandanenvironmentallymessyprocess.Itwasduetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.

Rareearthmetalsareusedwidelyinourlife.Rechargeablecarbatteries,computers,iPhones,DVDplayers,computermonitors,televisions,lighting,lasers,glasspolishing,andsuperconductorsallusequantitiesofrareearthmetals.Also,withtheadvancementin“green”technologylikesolarpanels,theseshinymaterialsarebecomingmoreimportantthanever.Anaverageelectriccaruses10poundsofLanthanumforitsrechargeablebattery!

Americahaslargedeposits（存储量）ofrareearthsandhasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940.Theelement“Europium”wasthefirstmetaltobeseparatedinquantityforuseincolortelevisions.However,inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelementsinInnerMongolia,theminesinAmericaandelsewherecouldnotkeeppace.ThemineinMountainPass,Californiaalsofailedenvironmentalregulationsandshutdownin2002.

Now,recognizingtheimportanceofhavingmorethanonesupplierofthisimportantresource,otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.Itisbelievedthatthedebateoverrareearthswillbecomelouderinthecomingmonthsandyears.

【文章大意】文章主要就稀土的相关情况进行了简单的介绍。

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutrareearths?

A.TheyareactuallyasabundantasCopper.

B.Theycanbeminedeasilyasothermetals.

C.Theycanonlybefoundinafewcountries.

D.Theyarenotreallyasrareastheyarenamed.

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

由第二段中的Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals...duetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.可知,稀土其实并非像其名字一样说的十分稀少,只是因为和其它金属掺杂在了一起而导致其开采成本变高,故而显得稀少,所以选D。

6.ComparedwithChina,America_________. 

A.paidmoreattentiontoEuropium

B.haslargerdepositsofrareearths

C.startedproducingrareearthsearlier

D.hasmorerareearthmines

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

由第四段中的America...hasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940和inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelements可知,美国对稀土的开采利用要早于中国,故选C。

7.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatrareearths_________. 

A.arenowingreatdemand

B.cannowbeusedinfewfields

C.areharmfultotheenvironment

D.willsoonbereplacedbyothermetals

【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

由最后一段中的otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.可知,印度和澳大利亚这些国家都在抓紧开采各自的稀土资源,所以可以推知目前各国对于稀土的需求量都很大,故选A。

【知识拓展】词汇积累

1.actually　　实际上;事实上

2.element元素;因素

3.abundant丰富的

4.surface表面

5.process过程;加工

6.material材料

7.quantity数量

8.regulation规则

9.resource资源

10.production生产;产量

Ⅱ.完形填空

　　AbbyHarrishasadream.Butunlikemostordinary15-year-oldgirls,Abby’sdreamhas　1　todowithexpensiveshopping,meetingher　2　boybandsorthrowinghugepartieswithherfriends.ThisUSteenagerwantstobethe　3　astronauttowalkonMars.Andshe’susingthe　4　ofsocialmediatomakesurethatshegetsthere. 

　　AccordingtoAbby’sInternetblog,AstronautAbby,shehaswantedtobea（n）　5　sinceshewas5yearsold. 

　　She　6　moreinthepostPeopleSayI’mADreamer:

“Whenyou’reyoungandyouhavethatbigadream,mostpeoplejust　7　you.ButIstuckwithit.Imadeplans,IworkedhardandI　8　onmygoal.AsIgotolderandcontinuedtostayfocusedonscience,technology,engineeringandmath（STEM）,peopleinmylife（myfamily,friends,teachers）,begantonoticeand　9　metodreambig.Ihadhugeambitions,andwas　10　tohavepeoplearoundmetellingmethatIcouldachievethem. 

　　Intheseventhgrade,Abby　11　aTwitteraccountaspartofahistoryprojectshewasdoingontheInternationalSpaceStation.She　12　wantedtouseTwittertogetintouchwithNASAemployees,butsoonshefoundthatitwasa　13　placeforhertowriteaboutherdreams,connectwithotherswhohaveinterestinspaceand　14　picturesofprojectsthatshewasworkingon.HerconnectionsonTwitterthen　15　hertocreateherwebsiteandblog,AstronautAbby,locatedatastronautabby.com. 

　　Severalyearsago,Abby　16　ItalianastronautLucaParmitanoatanairportand　17　himintobecominghermentor（导师）. 

　　Abbyisobviouslydoingeverythingshecantomakeher　18　areality.Wanttohelpheralong?

Youcanvisither　19　tolearnmoreaboutthisamazinggirlandher　20　dream. 

【文章大意】本文主要讲了一个女孩在五岁的时候就梦想着成为一名宇航员并且去火星,最开始别人对她的梦想没有在意,后来亲戚朋友都坚信她的梦想能够实现,她为了梦想不停地努力。

这篇文章告诉我们有了梦想就要坚持,相信坚持就能成功。

1.A.something　　　　B.nothing

C.everythingD.anything

【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

通过后文可知小女孩想去火星,而不是去奢侈购物,havenothingtodowith与……无关。

2.A.bestB.top

C.favoriteD.worst

【解析】选C。

词义辨析题。

best最好的;top顶端的;favorite最喜欢的;worst最差的。

句意:

和最喜欢的乐队男孩见面。

3.A.firstB.last

C.youngestD.oldest

【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

通过上下文可知小女孩想成为第一个去火星的宇航员。

4.A.energyB.ability

C.strengthD.power

【解析】选D。

词义辨析题。

energy能量,精力;ability能力;strength力气;power力量。

句意:

她正在利用媒体的力量到达那儿。

5.A.bloggerB.astronaut

C.dreamerD.star

【解析】选B。

上下照应题。

根据上文ThisUSteenagerwantstobethe_________astronauttowalkonMars.可知,自从她五岁时就想成为一名宇航员。

6.A.arguesB.agrees

C.explainsD.explores

【解析】选C。

词义辨析题。

argue争论;agree同意;explain解释;explore探索。

句