天津 山东专用高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 高考专项突破2 外研版选修8.docx

天津 山东专用高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 高考专项突破2 外研版选修8.docx

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天津山东专用高考英语一轮总复习第一部分高考专项突破2外研版选修8

2019-2020年（天津山东专用）高考英语一轮总复习第一部分高考专项突破2外研版选修8

Insidethepleasinglyfragrantcafe,SoAllMayEat（SAME）indowntownDenver,thespiritofgenerosity（慷慨）isinstantlynoticeable:

Adonationboxstandsinplaceofacashregister.Customersherepayonlywhattheycanafford,noquestionsasked.

Ariskybusinessplan,perhaps,butSAMECafehasdoneoneunchangeablethingintheMileHighCityforsixyears:

Openonlyatmidday,therestaurantprovidespoorlocalpeoplewithhealthy,deliciouslunchessixdaysaweek.Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealscaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses,anddishwashers,orlookafterthebuildingsandequipmentforthecafe.

“It'sbasedontrust,andit'sworkingallright，”sayscoownerBradBirky,whostartedthecafeinxxwithhiswifeLibby.Previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens,theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere.

“Wewantedtoofferqualityfoodinarestaurantwhereeveryonefeltfortable,regardlessoftheircircumstances，”Birkysays.SAME'sspeciallunchmenuchangesdailyandmostfoodmaterialsarenaturalandgrownbylocalfarmers.

Thecafenowaverages65to70customers（andeightvolunteers）aday.Andthespiritofgenerositybehindtheprojectappearstobespreading.Inearlyxx,onevolunteerwhohadclearedsnowforhismealsduringthelongwintersaidgoodbyetotheBirkys.“HesaidhewasgoingtoNewOrleanstohelpwiththehurricanecleanup，”saysBirky.

1．WhatcanwelearnaboutthesoupkitchenstheBirkyspreviouslyworkedfor?

A．Theyrefusedtohavevolunteers.

B．Theyofferedlowqualityfood.

C．Theyprovidedcustomerswithagoodenvironment.

D．Theycloseddownbecauseofpoormanagement.

答案：

B　推理判断题。

从第三段最后一句“...theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere.”可知答案为B项。

2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A．Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanworkasvolunteersinstead.

B．MorevolunteerswillgotoNewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.

C．Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.

D．Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecafewasstarted.

答案：

A　细节理解题。

从第二段的“Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealscaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses，anddishwashers...”可知答案为A项。

B、C两项未提及；从第四段的“SAME'sspeciallunchmenuchangesdaily...”可知D项错误。

3．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsrunningsuchacafeis________.

A．unfavorableB．approving

C．doubtfulD．cautious

答案：

B　态度观点题。

从第二段第一句的这可能是冒险的商业计划而SAMECafe却将这些事情连续做了六年及最后一段第二句他的这种慷慨的精神不断延伸扩大可知，作者对这种做法持赞同的态度，故选B项。

（xx·课标全国，C）

Abouttwentyofushadbeenfortunateenoughtoreceiveinvitationstoafilmstudio（影棚）totakepartinacrowdscene.Althoughour“act”wouldlastonlyforashorttime,wecouldseequiteanumberofinterestingthings.

Weallstoodatthefarendofthestudioasworkmenpreparedthescene,settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath.Verysoon,brightlightswereturnedonandthebigmoviecamerawaswheeledintoposition.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamousactorsnearby.Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.Abigfanbeganblowingtinywhitefeathersdownonhim,andsoonthetreeswerecoveredin“snow”.Twomorefanswereturnedon,anda“strongwind”blewthroughthetrees.Thepicturelookedsorealthatitmadeusfeelcold.

Thenextscenewasapletecontrast（对比）.Thewayitwasfilmedwasquiteunusual.PicturestakenonanislandinthePacificwereshownonaglassscreen.Anactorandactressstoodinfrontofthescenesothattheylookedasiftheywereatthewater'sedgeonanisland.Byasimpletricklikethis,palmtrees,sandybeaches,andblue,clearskieshadbeenbroughtintothestudio!

Sinceitwasourturnnext,wewereleftwonderingwhatscenewouldbepreparedforus.Forafullthreeminutesinourliveswewouldbeexperiencingtheexcitementofbeingfilm“stars”！

4.Whoistheauthor?

A.Acameraman.

B.Afilmdirector.

C.Acrowdsceneactor.

D.Aworkmanforscenesetting.

答案：

C　细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“...takepartinacrowdscene.”可知，作者是一位群众演员。

5.Whatmadetheauthorfeelcold?

A.Theheavysnowfall.

B.Themanmadescene.

C.Thelowtemperature.

D.Thefilmbeingshown.

答案：

B　细节理解题。

根据第二段最后可知，拍摄电影时，要通过大电扇人为制造出漫天飞雪、寒风呼啸的场景，非常逼真以至于使人感到寒冷。

6.Whatwouldhappeninthe“threeminutes”mentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Anewscenewouldbefilmed.

B.Morestarswouldactinthefilm.

C.Theauthorwouldleavethestudio.

D.Thenextscenewouldbeprepared.

答案：

A　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，接下来的三分钟要拍摄另一个场景，作者要上场体验当“电影明星”的感受。

C

（xx·山东，A）

ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.

Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.

However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlemunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Atenyearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.

Nauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingpanydiscoveredphosphate（磷酸盐）ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thepanybeganminingthephosphate.

Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenapanystripmines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Stripminingtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.

In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.

Unfortunately，theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.Byxx,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.

7．Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A．ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.

B．Togiveawarningtoothercountries.

C．Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.

D．Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.

答案：

B　主旨大意题。

文章第一段提到瑙鲁前后的变化以及该段最后一句“...othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是为了引起其他国家的重视，以示警告。

故选B项。

8．WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?

A．Richandpowerful.

B．Modernandopen.

C．Peacefulandattractive.

D．Greedyandaggressive.

答案：

C　细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“...usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及第二段第一句“...livedontheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安定而美丽的地方。

9．TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom________.

A．soilpollution

B．phosphateovermining

C．farmingactivity

D．whalehunting

答案：

B　细节理解题。

文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采，第五段又说明了其实这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层，最终使得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon”。

因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的采矿引起的，故B项正确。

10．WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?

A．Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.

B．Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.

C．Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.

D．Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.

答案：

A　细节理解题。

根据最后一段前两句“...theleaderinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知领导人使用资金不当，致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。

故选A项。

11．WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?

A．Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.

B．Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.

C．TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.

D．Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.

答案：

A　推理判断题。

结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁（岛）需要花的钱和时间，以及最后一句“Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏，是很难修复的。

故选A项。

D

（xx·陕西，A）

Whatbringsanationtogether?

Ofthefourchoices—sharedvalues,language,history,andreligion,it'ssharedvalues.Inourlatestpoll（民意调查）,sevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactor（因素）bringinganationtogether,andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll,suggestingthatourvaluesandhowweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still,historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries,particularlyinMexicoandRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecondmostimportantfactorunitingtheirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise?

Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.

Respectyourelders

Inmostcountries,theoldestgenerationconsideredvaluesmoreimportanttoanationthandidthosewhoareunder45yearsold.

DoyouspeakCanadian?

LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathaninallothercountriespolled,perhapsbecausethecountryspeakstwoofficiallanguages,FrenchandEnglish.

Churchandstate

Mostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countries—withFrancescoringitat1%,thelowestofall.

12.Accordingtothepoll,whatwasthemostimportantfactorinbringinganationtogether?

A.Language.B.Values.

C.History.D.Religion.

答案：

B　细节理解题。

从第一段第二句“...it'ssharedvalues.”和第三句可知答案为B项。

13.Inwhichcountrydidlanguagescorethelowestintheirnati