四级模拟题2.docx

四级模拟题2.docx

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四级模拟题2

大学英语四级模拟试题附答案

（二）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

OnlineEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.目前网络教育形成热潮

2.我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……

3.我对网络教育的评价

OnlineEducation

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheWorldinaGlass:

SixDrinksThatChangedHistory

TomStandageurgesdrinkerstosavorthehistoryoftheirfavoritebeveragesalongwiththetaste.

TheauthorofAHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses（Walker&Company,June2005）,StandagelaudsthelibationsthathavehelpedshapeourworldfromtheStoneAgetothepresentday.

"Theimportantdrinksarestilldrinksthatweenjoytoday,"saidStandage,atechnologyeditorattheLondon-basedmagazinetheEconomist."Theyarerelics（纪念物）ofdifferenthistoricalperiodsstillfoundinourkitchens."

Takethesix-pack,whosecontentsfirstfizzedatthedawnofcivilization.

Beer

TheancientSumerians,whobuiltadvancedcity-statesintheareaofpresent-daylraq,beganfermenting（发酵）beerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.

"Whenpeoplestartedagriculturethefirstcropstheyproducedwerebarleyorwheat.Youconsumethosecropsasbreadandasbeer,"Standagenoted."It'sthedrinkassociatedwiththedawnofcivilization.It'sassimpleasthat."

Beerwaspopularwiththemassesfromthebeginning.

"Beerwouldhavebeensomethingthatacommonpersoncouldhavehadinthehouseandmadewhenevertheywanted,"saidLindaBisson,amicrobiologistattheDepartmentofViticultureandEnologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.

"Theguyswhobuiltthepyramidswerepaidinbeerandbread,"Standageadded."ItwasthedefiningdrinkofEgyptandMesopotamia.Everybodydrankit.Todayit'sthedrinkoftheworkingman,anditwasthenaswell."

Wine

Winemaybeasoldorolderthanbeer—thoughnoonecanbecertain.

Paleolithichumansprobablysampledthefirst"wine"asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.Butproducingandstoringwineproveddifficultforearlycultures.

"Tomakewineyouhavetohavefreshgrapes,"saidBisson,theUCDavismicrobiologist."forbeeryoucanjuststoregrainandaddwatertoprocessitatanytime."

Makingwinealsodemandedpotterythatcouldpreservethepreciousliquid.

"Winemaybeeasiertomake[thanbeer],butit'shardertostore,"Bissonadded."Formostancientculturesitwouldhavebeenhardtocatch[fermentinggrapejuice]aswineonitswayto[becoming]vinegar."

Suchcaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpedthebeveragequicklygainmorecachet（威望）thanbeer.Winewasoriginallyassociatedwithsocialelitesandreligiousactivities.

Winesnobberymaybenearlyasoldaswineitself.GreeksandRomansproducedmanygradesofwineforvarioussocialclasses.

Thequestforqualitybecameaneconomicengineandlaterdroveculturalexpansion.

"Onceyouhadregions[likeGreeceandRome]thatcoulddistinguishthemselvesasmakinggoodstuff,itgavethemaneconomicboost,"Bissonsaid."Beerjustwasn'tasspecial."

Spirits

Hardliquor,particularlybrandyandrum,placated（安抚）sailorsduringthelongseavoyagesoftheAgeofExploration,whenEuropeanpowerspliedtheseasduringthe15th,16th,andearly17thcenturies.

RumplayedacrucialpartofthetriangulartradebetweenBritain,Africa,andtheNorthAmericancoloniesthatoncedominatedtheAtlanticeconomy.

StandagealsosuggeststhatrummayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanteafortheindependencemovementinBritain'sAmericancolonies.

"DistillingmolassesforrumwasveryimportanttotheNewEnglandeconomy,"heexplained."WhentheBritishtriedtotaxmolassesitstruckattheheartoftheeconomy.Theideaof'notaxationwithoutrepresentation'originatedwithmolassesandsugar.Onlyattheenddiditrefertotea."

GreatBritain'slongtimesuperiorityatseamayalsooweadebttoitsnavy'sdrinkofrum-basedchoice,grog（掺水烈酒）,whichwasmadeacompulsorybeverageforsailorsinthelate18thcentury.

"Theywouldmakegrogwithrum,water,andlemonorlimejuice,"Standagesaid."Thisimprovedthetastebutalsoreducedillnessandscurvy.Fleetphysiciansthoughtthatthishaddoubledtheefficiencyofthefleet."

Coffee

ThestoryofmoderncoffeestartsintheArabianPeninsula,whereroastedbeanswerefirstbrewedaroundA.D.1000.Sometimearoundthe15thcentury,coffeespreadthroughouttheArabworld.

"IntheArabworld,coffeeroseasanalternativetoalcohol,andcoffeehousesasalternativestotaverns（酒馆）—bothofwhicharebannedbyIslam,"Standagesaid.

WhencoffeearrivedinEuropeitwassimilarlyhailedasan"anti-alcohol"thatwasquitewelcomeduringtheAgeofReasoninthe18thcentury.

"JustatthepointwhentheEnlightenmentisgettinggoing,here'sadrinkthatsharpensthemind,"Standagesaid."Thecoffeehouseistheperfectvenue（聚会地点）togettogetherandexchangeideasandinformation.TheFrenchRevolutionstartedinacoffeehouse."

Coffeealsofuelledcommerceandhadstronglinkstotheritualsofbusinessthatremaintothepresentday.LloydsofLondonandtheLondonStockExchangewerebothoriginallycoffeehouses.

Tea

TeabecameadailydrinkinChinaaroundthethirdcenturyA.D.

StandagesaysteaplayedaleadingroleintheexpansionofimperialandindustrialmightinGreatBritainmanycenturieslater.Duringthe19thcentury,theEastIndiaCompanyenjoyedamonopolyonteaexportsfromChina.

"Englishmenaroundtheworldcoulddrinktea,whethertheywereacolonialadministratorinIndiaoraLondonbusinessman,"Standagesaid."ThesunneversetontheBritishEmpire—whichmeantthatitwasalwaysteatimesomewhere."

AstheIndustrialRevolutionof18thand19thcenturiesgainedsteam,teaprovidedsomeofthefuel.Factoryworkersstayedalertduringlong,monotonousshiftsthankstowelcometeabreaks.

Thebeveragealsohadunintendedhealthbenefitsforrapidlygrowingurbanareas."Whenyoustartpackingpeopletogetherincitiesit'shelpfultohaveawater-purificationtechnologyliketea,"whichwasbrewedwithboilingwater,Standageexplained.

Coca-cola

In1886pharmacistJohnStithPembertonsoldaboutnineCoca-colasaday.

Todayhissoftdrinkisoneoftheworld'smostvaluablebrands-soldinmorecountriesthantheUnitedNationshasmembers.

"Itmaybethesecondmostwidelyunderstoodphraseintheworldafter'OK',"Standagesaid.

ThedrinkhasbecomeasymboloftheUnitedStates—loveitorhateit.StandagenotesthatEastGermansquicklyreachedforCokeswhentheBerlinWallfell,whileThaiMuslimspoureditoutintothestreetstoshowdisdainfortheU.S.inthedaysleadinguptothe2003invasionofIraq.

"Coca-colaencapsulateswhathappenedinthe20thcentury:

theriseofconsumercapitalismandtheemergenceofAmericaasasuperpower,"Standagesaid."It'sglobalizationinabottle."

WhileCokemaynotalwaysproduceasmile,asurveybytheEconomistmagazine（Standage'semployer）,suggeststhatthesoftdrink'spresenceisagreatindicatorofhappycitizens.Whencountrieswerepolledforhappiness,asdefinedbyaUnitedNationsindex,highscorescorrelatedwithsalesofCoca-Cola.

"It'snotbecause[Coke]makespeoplehappy,butbecause[its]saleshappeninthedynamicfree-marketeconomiesthattendtoproducehappypeople,"Standagesaid.

1.Thepassagegivesabriefdescriptionofthecontentofanewbook,AHistoryoftheWorldin6Glasses.

2.TheancientSumeriansbeganfermentingbeerfrombarleyatleast6,000yearsago.

3.Todaybeeristhedrinkoftheworkingman,whichwasnotthecasebefore.

4.Greeksprobablysampledthefirst"wine"asthejuiceofnaturallyfermentedwildgrapes.

5.Thecaveatsandtheexpenseofproducingwinehelpeditquicklygainmorecachetthanbeer.

6.StandagesuggeststhatteamayhavebeenmoreresponsiblethanrumfortheindependencemovementinBritain'sAmericancolonies.

7.CoffeeisthebestdrinkaccordingtoStandage.

8.Sometimearoundthe15thcenturycoffeespreadthroughout________.

9.Duringthe19thcentury,themonopolyonteaexportsfromChinais________.

10.Coca-Colahasbecomeasymbolof________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.[A]Theywanttogodowntown.[C]Hedoesn'tknowwheretoparkthecar.

[B]Hewantstogotothepark,butshedoesn't.[D]Hewantstofindoutwheretheparkis.

12.[A]Companyandcustomer.[C]Teacherandstudent'sparent.

[B]Repairmanandcustomer.[D]Wifeandhusband.

13.[A]Shedidn'tlikeworkinginacompany.[C]Shewasnotgoodatdoingbusiness.

[B]Shedislikedmachines.[D]Shedidn'tlikeaccounting.

14.[A]Hehassomemoneytobuyanewcar.

[B]Hefailsinborrowingenoughmoneyfromthewoman.

[C]He