人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点.docx
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人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点
U5(BX5)
FirstaidLanguage points
1Aid(v)帮助;援助=helpsb
帮助某人去做….aidsbtodo
在…事帮助某人aidsbin…
Heaidedmeinbusiness.
Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy.
AtChristmas,manyorganizationsaidthepoor.
n /U/帮助;援助
在某人的帮助下withtheaidof
为了帮助…inaidof
Teachersgivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputers.
Heraisedmoneyinaidofthesick.
知识拓展:
give/offeraid援助
cometosb.'said帮助某人
cutoffaid(突然)终止援助
ahearingaid助听器
teachingaids教具
medicalaid医疗救护
2.temporary暂时的,临时的
temporaryrelieffrompain短暂的解痛
temporarywork/solution临时工作/解决办法
3.fallill
fall+adj.
ill
asleep
awake
sick
silent
Hiswifesuddenly_______________lastweek.
Shehas_______ ________foraweek.
fell ill
been ill
4get+过去分词 表被动或状态
Thecomputergotdamagedwhenweweremoving.
Mybikeisgettingrepairednow.
MyglassesgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.
PeterandMarygotmarriedlastyear.
getdone
getinjured受伤
getdressed穿衣服
getdamaged遭到破坏
getchanged改变
getmarried结婚
getinfected被感染
getbroken被弄破
getlost迷失,走失
5injurev. ______n. ______adj.
injurytosth. …(部位)的伤
Hegot________________atwork.他干活时腿受了重伤。
(injury)
He__________intheaccident.他在意外事故中受了伤。
(injure)
injuriestothelegs
gotinjured
injury
injured
hurt肉体,精神上的伤害(一般用语),疼痛
injure意外或事故而受伤
wound指外伤(刀、枪、剑伤)
wounded
injured
hurt
hurt
injured
Hegot_______inthefighting.
Hewasbadly_______inacaraccident.
Herwords________medeeply.
I_____ mybackwhenIfell.
Myfeet_______.
6.bleed-blood-bloody
(v.) (n.) (adj.)
Hisnosewasbleeding.=Hewas bleedingatthenose.=Hehasabloodynose. 他在流鼻血。
bleedfor为…而流血,悲痛
bleedtodeath出血过多而死
loseblood流血、失血
fleshandblood血肉之躯
7.choke vi.&vt.窒息;阻塞
Shechokedwithemotion. 她激动得说不出话来。
Thesmokealmostchokedme.烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。
Atthebadnews,hecouldn'tchokebackhistear听到这则噩耗,他抑制不住自己的眼泪。
Themangaveafewchokesandthengothisbreath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。
8.essentialadj.最重要的,不可缺少的,本质的
1)Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。
2)Itisessentialforustosetourstudygoal.我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。
3)Itisessentialthatyou(should)winthevoter's hearts.赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。
-----当用it充当主语而用它充当表语时,that从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形。
9.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,…
actas 作为….
barrier屏障,障碍物,隔阂
Youshouldshowtheticketatthebarrier.
Thelanguagebarrier
against反对,阻止
which
actas
barrier
定从
10poisonn./vt.毒药,毒害;毒害,使中毒
eg:
1)Poisonsmustbeputoutofchildren'sreach.毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。
2)Thismatterwillmakesomepoisontothecrops.这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。
3)Booksofthiskindcanmakepoisontochildren.这类书会对儿童造成毒害。
4)Heroinhaspoisonedalotofpeople.海洛因毒害了很多人。
5)Thepollutedwaterintheriverpoisonedpeoplehere.污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。
-----poisonous adj.有毒(害)的
eg:
Thismedicineispoisonousiftakeninlargequantities.
11.protect…against/from… 保护…不受…的损害
prevent…fromdoing 阻止...
Wearsunglassesto_________________________.
Youneedwarmclothes______________________.
Nobodycan_____________________________ (阻止他们结婚).
protectyoureyesfromstronglight
toprotectyouagainstcold
preventthemfromgettingmarried
Itismydutyto____mystudentsfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.D
A.prevent B.saveC.stopD.protect
preventsb.(from)doing
stopsb.(from)doing
keepsb.fromdoing
12.sense(n.&v.)
fivesenses:
senseofsmell
senseofhearing
thesixthsense
senseoftouch
senseofsight
senseoftaste
senseofhumour、duty、direction
Themanhas nocommonsense.(无常识)
Whathesaidmadenosense.(没道理)
sense(v.) 感觉到
Althoughshedidn’tsayanything,Isensedthatshedidn’tliketheidea.
(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意)
13.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.该句是一个主从复合句,主句为:
Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious;从句为:
asyoucanimagine.
as引导非限制性定语从句,指代后面的内容,有“正如……”或“就象……”的意思;它所引
的从句位置较灵活,可以位于句首、句中或句末。
另外,该句的主句中还含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。
请看类似的句子:
Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.
正如你所看到的,这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。
asweallknow =as isknowntoall
as we expect =as is expected
aseverybodycansee
asyoucanimagine
14.various不同的,各种各样的
Therearevariouscolorstochoosefrom.
vary vi1.~(insth)——bedifferentinsize,volume,strength,etc(体积、容积、力量等)呈现不同
Opinionsvaryonthispoint.
15.vary ~(withsth);~(fromsthtosth)
——change,espaccordingtosomefactor改变,变动,变化(尤指伴随某种因素而产生)
Pricesvarywithseasons.物价随季节而变动
Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉
variety n. 变化,多样性,种类
Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我们都需要饮食多样化
Theshoppingcentersellsavarietyofgoods
avarietyof+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致
16.depend on取决于,依赖,依靠,信赖,信任
Hiswholefamily dependsonhim他全家都靠他养活.
Heis a man tobedepended on他是个可以信赖的人
dependent (adj.)
dependence( n. )
independent(adj.)
independence(n.)
17.mild-milder-mildest-mildly
Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamoment.
mild在这个句子中的意思是“轻微的、不严重的”。
如:
Edwardsufferedfromamildheartattack.爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。
mild还可以表示“温和的、暖和的;味淡的”
如:
She’sthemildestpersonIhaveevermetinmylife.她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了
amildclimate温暖的天气
mildcheese淡味奶酪
gentle/soft/mild
Thepunishmentisvery______.
Theweatheris______.
Ilikea_____pillow.
Hewasapersonof_____ birth.(身世良好)
Hespokeina___________________voice.
mild
mild
gentle
soft
gentle/soft/mild
18.词语辨析:
electric电的,发电的,由电产生的,用于导电的.
electrical有关电的,与电有关的.
electricity电,电力.电力学
electricgenerator发电机, electriccooker电炉,
electriciron电熨斗, electricengineer 电机工程师
19.swell vt./vi.Swellswelled/ swelledswollen使膨胀,使(力量,数目等)增长,使壮大,
Thewindswelledthesails.风使船帆鼓起。
Hisinjuredwristbegantoswell(up).他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。
Herfaceswelledupwithtoothche.
Thewindswelledintoastorm. 风力渐增,终于形成一场暴风雨。
asmallbusinessswelledintoabigcompany.壮大
4)Neverswellwithpridewhenyoumakesomecontributions. 有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。
swellwithpride/anger得意洋洋、怒气冲冲
Thedoctorexaminedtheswellingonmyback.
swollen adj.肿胀的
Hiseyelidisswollen. 他眼皮肿了。
20.stick
sticksth.tosth. 粘住
Stickthegluetomyfingers.
sticktodoingsth
stickto坚持
sticktoone’sview坚持自己的观点
21.jewellery=jewelry 珠宝(总称)不可数
jewel 可数,珠宝,珍视的人、物
The____werekeptinthesafe.
Manywomenliketobuyasmuch_______aspossible.
FatheralwayssaysIamhis______.
jewel
jewellery
jewels
Sheappearedatthereceptionwearingherfinestjewels.
Shelockedherjewelsinthejewellerybox.
Mysisterhas_.
A.apieceofjewellery B.ajewellery
C.alittleofjewels D.abitjewellery
22.Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.立即用凉水给伤口冲凉,但不要用冰水
-y是个形容词后缀。
如:
windy有风 hilly多小山的
sleepy困倦的 greeny略呈绿色的
spicy辛辣的 woody树木茂密的
23.unbearable不能忍受的
un—不能….,无法….
unforgettable
unwilling
unusual
uncertain
unfair
unfit
unbelievable
unfortunate
unlike
uncomfortable
24.squeeze挤;压;塞
sth.intosth.把……塞进
sth.from/outofsth. 挤出
through挤过
sth.outofsb. 敲诈逼某人说出
sbin挤出时间见某人
crocodilesqueezedatear.
Isqueezedmyselfontothecrowdedtrain.
Hesqueezedeverythingintoasuitcase.
Shewatchedhergrandmasqueezethejuiceoutofalemonattentively
AlthoughIambusy,Istillcansqueezeyouinat10o’clock
Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemore moneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多钱。
I’llnevergiveintoyou,andyoucansqueezenothingoutofme
Thelittleboyissqueezingthetoothpastefromthetubeontothetoothbrush
25.overandoveragain
Listsomephrasesorwordsthathavesimilarmeaningoverandover
againandagain
overandagain
manytimes
repeatedly
fromtimetotime
nowandthen
nowandagain
Sometimes
Attimes
Onoccasions
26.Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.用胶布把绷带固定。
inplace在适当的地方。
如:
Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。
You’dbetterputthingsbackinplace.你最好把你的东西放回原位。
Herdresswasoutofplaceattheceremony.(不得体,不适当)
inplace还有“准备就绪”的意思。
如:
ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。
Witheverythinginplace,shestartedtheslideshow.
27.Pour
1.倒,灌,注
Shepouredherselfanothercupoftea.她为自己又倒了一杯茶。
2.倾注;大量投入;大量生产
Theyhavepouredmoneyintothetouristindustry.他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。
3倾吐,诉说
Sheoftenpourshertroublestofriends.她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。
不及物动词vi.
1.倾泻,涌流
Thecrowdpouredoutoftheconcerthall.人群从音乐厅涌出来。
SweatpouredfromMartin'sface.马丁脸上汗如雨下。
2.斟茶
ShallIpour?
我来斟茶好吗?
3(雨)倾盆而降(+down)
Therainpouredsteadilydown.大雨不停地倾盆而下。
Pourcoldwateron/over对…泼冷水
Pouroilontheflames火上浇油
Pouroilontroubledwaters平息风波
I.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Thereareover115differentkindsof________(poison)snakesinAustralia.
2.Doctorsinthathospitalaredevelopinganew_________(treat)forcancer.
3.Heisa____(mildly)personwhonevershouts.
poisonous
treatment
mild
4.Thismachinehasan________(electric)fault.(与电有关的)
5.Hisfacewas______(swell)upwithtoothache.
6.Ifhe_____(blood)toomuch,hislifewillbeindanger.
7.Hisfootwasburnedbyhotwaterandtherewereseveral______(water)blistersonit.
swollen
bleeds
watery
electrical
II.根据句意, 选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。
1.protect;defend
a.Takinganumbrellacan_______youfromrain.
b.Schoolsshouldgivechildrenlessonsonhowto_____________themselves.
protect
protect/defend
2.wound;injure;hurt
a.Shewasbadly____________whenshefelloffherbike.
b.Hisleg_____whenhewalks.