带练习的四级词汇复习.docx
《带练习的四级词汇复习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《带练习的四级词汇复习.docx(156页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
带练习的四级词汇复习
词汇部分四级词汇复习
四级词汇复习
第一讲易混淆的名词及名词词组
I.考点分析
英语中名词词汇量比较大,对名词的全面掌握须从名词的种类、性、数、格、词意等几个方面入手。
根据历年真题来看,名词考点在每次考题中大约占两题左右,而且对名词的考查并不复杂,基本上都是一些常用词的辨析,例如,2001年1月第59题中的四个备选答案affair,incident,case,event,这些词语不难,只要了解它们的含义及在什么情况下使用,就很容易选出正确答案。
下面就四级考试中所涉及到的考点进行归纳。
一、名词的数
1.一般地说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,没有复数形式。
如advice,information,progress,work,cloth,courage,poverty,milk,butter,news,furniture,population等。
如果要表示“一个”这类概念,就需要加量词,如apieceofadvice,abottleofink等。
Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou_____youneed.(00/6/22)[A]
A)alltheinformationB)allofinformationC)alltheinformationsD)alloftheinformations
2.有少数外来名词有特殊的复数形式,如phenomenon—phenomena,basis—bases,analysis—analyses,bacterium—bacteria,criterion—criteria,crisis—crises等。
3.个别名词单复数形式一样,如Chinese,aircraft,sheep,deer,youth,series,species等。
4.有些名词在使用中常用复数形式,动词也要用复数。
如scissors,trousers,pants,glasses,belongings,surroundings,savings,wages,arms,remains,contents,thanks,earnings等。
但有些名词其复数形式可以表示特别的意思,如papers文件,goods货物, times时代, customs海关,关税,looks外貌。
5.有些以“-ics”结尾的表示学科的名词,其动词用单数形式,如phonetics,politics,physics,statistics等,但其前如有my,such等限定词时,动词用复数形式。
6.audience,family,group,committee,team,crew,public,stuff等表示整体时为单数,表示具体每个成员时为复数。
集合名词police,people,cattle,mankind等总是用作复数。
7.合成名词构成复数时通常只将所包含的主体名词变为复数,如lookers-on,sons-in-law,grand-children。
如果没有主体词,可在词尾加“s”,如grown-ups,go-betweens,drawbacks。
由man和woman构成的合成词,里面所含的成分都要变为复数形式,如menteachers,womandoctors。
二、名词的所有格
1.有生命的名词所有格一般在单数名词后加“’s”,在以“-s”或“-es”结尾的复数名词后加“’”,如hiswife’ssister,children’sbook,theteachers’book。
另外,表示国家、城市、时间、距离,拟人的名词以及机构活动等的名词也用这种形式,如today’sChinaDaily,amile’sdistance,station’swaiting-room,China’scapital。
2.表示无生命的名词的所有格可以用of表示,如thecoverofthebook,thespeedofthemachine。
3.如果是复和名词,在最后一个词上加“’s”,如mybrother-in-law’scoat。
4.如果两个名词共同拥有某物时,在最后一词上加“’s”,如myfatherandmother’sfriend。
5.在表示店铺、教堂的名字、某人的家等情况下,名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如thetailor’s,thestationer’s,St.Paul’s,hissister’s。
三、名词作定语
英语中一名词可以直接修饰另一名词作定语,在这一点上与汉语相似,如rosegarden,orangejuice,stonehouse,eyedrops,foodindustry等。
另外,由连字符构成的复和名词作定语时,既不能用复数,也不能用所属格形式。
例如:
Iwalkedtoomuchyesterdayand____arestillachingnow.(95/6/56)[C]
A)myleg’smusclesB)mymusclesoflegC)mylegmusclesD)mymusclesoftheleg
Despitethewonderfulactingandwell-developedplotthe____moviecouldnotholdourattention.(96/1/31)[B]
A)three-hoursB)three-hourC)three-hours’D)three-hour’s
四、容易混淆的名词
affair事务;incident偶发的事件;accident事故;event活动,事变
alcohol酒精;wine葡萄酒
analysis分析;comment评论
border边界;margin页边空白;side旁边,面;edge刃,物体边缘
channel渠道;approach入口,方法;route路线
cover盖子,覆盖物;coat(漆)涂层;layer层
custom习俗;customs 海关
deliveries递送,交付;transfer转移,迁移;transportation运输
discount折扣;account叙述,报导
duty税,customduties;fare(车、船等)费; fee 费,酬金
evolution发展,演变;revolution革命
festival节日;ceremony仪式;activity活动
fine罚款;debt债务;bill账单
footprint脚印;footstep脚步(声)
governor地方长官;principal 负责人,校长
graph图表;photograph照片;telegraph电报
habit习惯;custom风俗,习俗;hobby业余爱好
instrument仪器;appliance器具;apparatus器械;equipment装备,器材总称
limit界限;limitation局限
point点,要点;spot污点,斑点,地点
perspective透视图,远景;prospect前途,展望
range范围,幅度;extent程度
response反应(对某个要求、事件或局势所采取的行动);reaction反应(由于所见所闻而产生的某种情感或引发的行为);reflection反映
signature签名;sign标记,符号;signal信号
silence寂静;calm平静;peace安静
strike罢工;stroke击,报时的钟声
source来源; resource 资源
trace痕迹(指人、事件等留下的迹象);track足迹,轨迹
variation变异,变种; adaptation适应性变化,适应作用
victim 受害者; witness目击者
五、常用的名词搭配
absencefrom缺席,离开
admissionto准许
applicationfor申请
applicationto应用于
approachto通往…的途径;接近
beliefin相信
cast/throwlighton阐明某事
catchone’sbreath喘气
catchsightof看见
combinationwith与…的结合
commenton/upon对…的评论
competitionwith/against与某人竞争
complaintabout/of对…的抱怨
concernabout对…的关注
contactwith与…接触
contributionto对…的贡献
discussionon对…的讨论
effecton对…的影响
emphasison/upon着重于
entranceto进入,…的入口
exceptionto例外
excusefor…的借口
exposureto暴露于…
feelsympathyforsb.对某人同情
findfaultwith找岔,批评
gain/haveanadvantageover占有…优势,比…强
giveriseto引起,导致
givewayto为…让路,被…取代
influenceon对…的影响
keeppacewith跟上…的步伐
limitto对…的限制
lose(keep)one’stemper发(忍住不发)脾气
makeafortune发财
makefunof取笑
makeuseof充分利用
opinionabout对…的意见
passionfor对…的热情
payattentionto注意
prejudiceagainstsb.对某人有偏见
progressin在…的发展
reactionto对…的反映
reasonfor…的理由
responsibilityfor对…的责任
solutionto…的解决办法
substituteforsth.替代物
takeadvantageof利用
takedelightin很高兴地做…
takedeliveryof提取
takeintoaccount考虑
taketheplaceof取代
六、常用的名词后缀
-agebreakage,postage
-ance,-enceassistance,confidence
-er,-orpainter,conductor
-erybakery,pottery,cookery
-ion,-tion,-ation,-sioncollection,composition,hesitation,adhesion
-ismheroism,Buddhism,Communism
-istdramatist,industrialist
-mentmovement,development
-nessdarkness,happiness
-logybiology,sociology
-ty,-itycruelty,purity
II.历届四级试题题中的名词及名词词组:
1.OnNewYear’sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoor_____whichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.(01/1/59)
A)affairB)incidentC)caseD)event
2.AmericanfootballandbaseballarebecomingknowntotheBritishpublicthroughtelevised_____fromtheUnitedStates.(01/1/60)
A)deliveriesB)transmissionsC)transferD)transportation
3.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis_____orsocialposition.(00/6/28)
A)curiosityB)statusC)determinationD)significance
4.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist______,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.(00/1/42)
A)arrangementB)attentionC)attractionD)appointment
5.Inasudden_____ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.(00/1/60)
A)blastB)splitC)attackD)burst
6.Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough_____.(00/1/69)
A)troubleB)nuisanceC)worryD)anxiety
7.Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis_____whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.(99/6/54)
A)povertyB)idlenessC)inabilityD)laziness
8.SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_____inthemarket.(99/6/59)
A)barrelsB)batteriesC)basketsD)bargains
9.Thetomatojuiceleftbrown_____onthefrontofmyjacket.(99/1/59)
A)spotB)pointC)trackD)trace
10.Apeculiarlypointedchinishismostmemorablefacial_____.(98/6/47)
A)markB)featureC)traceD)appearance
11.ProfessorTaylor’stalkhasindicatedthatsciencehasaverystrong_____ontheeverydaylifeofnon-scientistsaswellasscientists.(98/6/65)
A)motivationB)perspectiveC)impressionD)impact
12.Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch_____asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.(98/1/57)
A)virtuesB)featuresC)propertiesD)characteristics
13.Housewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkoftenfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfull______.(97/6/35)
A)capacityB)strengthC)lengthD)possibility
14.Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe_____ofthedamagecausedbythefire.(97/6/40)
A)rangeB)levelC)extentD)quantity
15.Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular_____.(97/1/23)
A)gapsB)rateC)lengthD)intervals
16.Themanagerlosthis_____justbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate.(97/1/39)
A)moodB)temperC)mindD)passion
17.Shellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_____.(96/6/36)
A)intentionB)attemptC)purposeD)desire
18.Lighteningisa_____ofelectricalcurrentfromacloudtothegroundorfromonecloudtoanother.(96/6/44)
A)rushB)rainbowC)rackD)ribbon
19.AlthoughIlikedtheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyitwasthebeautiful_____throughthewindow.(96/1/29)
A)visionB)lookC)pictureD)view
20.The_____ofbloodalwaysmakeshimfeelsick.(95/6/64)
A)sightB)viewC)lookD)form
21.Medicalcarereformhasbecomethiscountry’smostimportantpublichealth_____.(95/1/53)
A)questionB)stuffC)matterD)issue
22.ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuch_____tothesunisbadfortheskin.(95/1/57)
A)exposureB)extensionC)exhibitionD)expansion
23.Whenshewascriticized,sheclaimedthatitwasoutsideher_____ofresponsibility.(94/1/49)
A)fieldB)limitC)extentD)range
24.Icannotgiveyou_____forthetypeofcaryousellbecausethereisnodemandforitinthemarket.(93/6/43)
A)anexpenseB)achargeC)apurchaseD)anorder
25.Intheadvancedcoursestudentsmusttakeperformancetestsatmonthly_____.(93/6/60)
A)gapsB)intervalsC)lengthD)distance
26.Havingbeenfoundguilty,themanwasgivenasevere_____bythejudge.(93/6/66)
A)serviceB)sentenceC)crimeD)crisis
27.HitlersetouttoconquerallofEuropeinthebeliefthattheGermanswerethemaster_____.(93/1/53)
A)raceB)humanC)bloodD)brains
28.Inprevioustimes,whenfreshmeatwasinshort_____,pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.(99/6/61)
A)storeB)reserveC)supplyD)provision
29.Myfatherseemedtobeinno_____tolookatmyschoolreport.(99/1/63)
A)moodB)emotionC)attitudeD)feeling
30.Youseethelightening____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.(97/1/38)
A)theinstantB)foraninstantC)ontheinstantD)inaninstant
31.Icaughta_____ofthetaxibeforeitdisappearedaroundthecornerofthestreet.(96/6/50)
A)visionB)glimpseC)lookD)scene
32.Whentherearesmallchildrenaround,itisnecessarytoputbottlesofpillsoutof_____.(95/6/63)
A)reachB)handC)holdD)place
33.Thepoliceseta_____to