3 FAN Photosynthesis Study Questions.docx

3 FAN Photosynthesis Study Questions.docx

《3 FAN Photosynthesis Study Questions.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《3 FAN Photosynthesis Study Questions.docx（30页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

3FANPhotosynthesisStudyQuestions

Photosynthesis

（Studyquestions）

考试时没有汉语注释！

！

！

I.TranslationoftheFollowingTermIntoChinese.

1.photosynthesis2.carbondioxide3.absorptionspectrum4.carbohydrates5.actionspectrum6.oxygenevolution7.chlorophyllsolution8.reflectinglight9.diascopticlighting10.fluorescence11.phosphorescence12.elaborateequipment13.firstsingletstate14.firsttripletstate15.life-span16.lightreaction17.reductivepower18.carbonreaction19.primaryreaction20.light-harvestingpigments13.antennapigment14.reactioncenter15.proteincomplex16.special-pairchlorophylla17.electronacceptor18.photochemicalactivity19.chargeseparation20.quantumyield21.reddrop22.far-redligh23.enhancementeffect24.Hillreaction25.isolatedchloroplastthylakoids26.photosyntheticchain27.photophosphorylation28.carbonassimilation29.assimilationpower30.five-carbonacceptormolecule31.three-carbonintermediate32.lightcompensationpoint33.photonflux34.mitochondrialrespiration35.dynamicphotoinhibition36.quantumefficiency37.slopesofthecurves38.chromincphotoinhibition39.CO2compensationpoint40.solarenergy41.sieveeffect42.Lightchanneling43.incidentlight44.palisadecells45.centralvacuole46.lightscattering47.solartracking48.multiplecroppingindex49.sownarea50.croplandarea51.membrane–enclosedorganelles52.adjacentgrana54.stromalamellae55.ribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase/oxygenase（rubisco）56.largesubunit57.photosyntheticpigments58.carotenoid59.phycobilin60.β-carotene61.xanthophyll62.photosyntheticorganisms63.absorptionbands64.phycoerythrobilin65.phycocyanonilin66.phycoerythrin67.phycocyanin68.allophycocyanin69.spectrophotometer70.electrontransfer71.photosyntheticunit72.thylakoidlumen73.oxygen-evolvingcomplex（OEC）74.strongoxidant75.strongreductant76.granalamellae77.noncyclicelectrontransfer78.cyclicelectrontransfer79.pseudocyclicelectrontransfer80.anionicradicle81.superoxideanionicradical82.carbonskeleton83.crassulaceanacidmetabolism84.Calvincycle85.transgenicplants86.sunplants87.shadeplants88.bundlesheath89.apparentphotosynthesis90.excitationenergy91.roundstate92.excitedstate93.ultravioletrange94.phytoltail95.solublecarbohydrates96.anthocyanin97.mesophyllcells98.phosphoenolpyruvate（PEP）99.noonbreak

II.TranslationoftheFollowingGlossaryDefinitionIntoChinese,WiththeCorrespondingTermwrittenout（inChineseorinEnglish）.

1.photosynthesis光合作用

Thetermphotosynthesismeansliterally“synthesisusinglight.”Morespecifically,lightenergydrivesthesynthesisofcarbohydrates糖fromcarbondioxide二氧化碳andwaterwiththegenerationofoxygen.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

2.spectrum光谱

thegraph图ofabsorbance吸光率（A）versuswavelength（λ）iscalledaspectrum光谱.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

3.absorptionspectrum吸收光谱

An（pluralspectra）displaystheamountoflightenergyabsorbedbyamoleculeorsubstanceasafunction函数ofthewavelengthofthelight.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

4.actionspectrum作用光谱

Anactionspectrum作用光谱ismeasuredbyplottingaresponsetolightsuchasoxygenevolution氧释放,asafunctionofwavelength.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

5.fluorescence荧光

Chlorophyllsolution叶绿素溶液showsgreencolorunderdiascopticlighting透射光,however,chlorophyllsolutionshowsredcolorunderreflectinglight反射光,thephenomenonistermedasfluorescence荧光现象.

Chlorophyllinexcitedstatereturnstogroundstatefromfirstsingletstate第一单线态.Life-spanoffluorescenceis10-9s～10-8s.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

6.phosphorescence磷光现象

Chlorophyllsolutioninlightemitsbesidesfluorescence,itemitsphosphorescence磷光afterremovinglightsource.Phosphorescencecanbedetectedbyelaborateequipment.

Chlorophyllinexcitedstatereturnstogroundstatefromfirsttripletstate第一三线态.Life-spanofphosphorescenceis10-2s.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

7.lightreaction光反应

Theso-called,inwhichwaterissplit裂解byphoton光子energytoyieldreductivepower还原能力（intheformofNADPH）andchemicalenergy化学能（intheformofATP）.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

8.carbonreaction碳反应

Theso-calledcarbonreaction碳反应,inwhichCO2isassimilated同化attheexpenseofthisreductivepower还原能力andofATP.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

9.primaryreaction原初反应

Primaryreactionistheprocessfromexcitationofchlorophyll叶绿素激发totheoccurrence发生thefirstchemicalreaction,includingabsorption,transferandconversion转换oflightenergy.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

10.light-harvestingpigments聚光色素

Light-harvestingpigments聚光色素,alsocalledantennapigment天线色素,havenophotochemicalactivity光化学活性,onlyhavethefunctionofharvestinglightenergy.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

11.reactioncenter反应中心

Reactioncenteristheproteincomplex蛋白复合体whichcanturnlightenergyintochemicalenergy,includingspecial-pairchlorophylla特殊叶绿素a对,pheophytin（Pheo）脱镁叶绿素andquinone醌etc.electronacceptor电子受体molecule.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

12.photochemicalactivity光化学活性

Special-pairchlorophyllahasphotochemicalactivity光化学活性,excited激发的special-pairchlorophyllagivesoffaelectron电子andchargespositively,leadingtochargeseparation电荷分离.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

13.quantumyield量子产额

Thequantumyield量子产额ofphotosynthesisisthatthenumberofO2isevolved释放orthenumberofCO2isfixed固定after1quanta光量子isabsorbed.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

14.reddrop红降

Thequantumyield量子产额ofphotosynthesis（blackcurve）fallsoff下降drasticallyforfar-redlight远红光ofwavelengthsgreaterthan680nm,indicatingthatfar-redlightaloneisinefficientindrivingphotosynthesis.Thisphenomenoniscalledreddrop红降.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

15.enhancementeffect增益效应

Thequantumyield量子产额ofphotosynthesiswhenredandfar-redlight远红光aregiventogetherisgreaterthanthesum总和oftherateswhentheyaregivenapart.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

16.Hillreaction希尔反应

In1937,RobertHillfoundthatinthelight,isolatedchloroplastthylakoids离体的叶绿体类囊体reduceavarietyofcompounds化合物,suchasironsalts.ThisreactioniscalledHillreaction希尔反应.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

17.photophosphorylation光合磷酸化（作用）

Duringlightreaction光反应inphotosynthesis,electronflowalongphotosyntheticchain光合链iscoupledwithATPsynthesisviaADPandPi,whichistermedasphotophosphorylation光合磷酸化（作用）.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

18.carbonassimilation碳素同化

theincorporation整合ofcarbonfromatmosphericcarbondioxide大气二氧化碳intoorganicmolecules有机分子istermedascarbonassimilation.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

19.assimilationpower同化能力

NADPHandATPformedinlightreactionarecollectivelycalledassimilationpower.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

20.C3pathway

IntheCalvincycle,CO2andwaterfromtheenvironmentareenzymatically酶促地combinedwithafive-carbonacceptormolecule五碳受体分子togeneratetwomoleculesofathree-carbonintermediate三碳中间产物,therebycalledC3pathway.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

21.Photosyntheticrate

TheamountofCO2-absorbing吸收orO2-evolving释放ordrymatteraccumulatingperunittime,perunitareaofleaf,i.e.μmolCO2m-2s-1（μmolO2m-2s-1）orgDWm-2h-1.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

22.lightcompensationpoint光补偿点

Asthephotonflux光子通量increases,photosyntheticCO2assimilation同化increasesuntilitequalsCO2releasebymitochondrialrespiration线粒体呼吸.ThepointatwhichCO2uptake吸收exactlybalancesCO2releaseiscalledthelightcompensationpoint光补偿点.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

23.photoinhibition光抑制

Whenleavesareexposed暴露tomorelightthantheycanutilize,thereactioncenterofPSIIisinactivated失活anddamaged,thisphenomenoniscalledphotoinhibition光抑制.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

24.dynamicphotoinhibition动态光抑制

Undermoderateexcesslight,quantumefficiency量子效率decreases（contrasttheslopesofthecurves曲线斜率）,butthemaximumphotosyntheticrateremainsunchanged.Thisphenomenoniscalleddynamicphotoinhibition动态光抑制

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

25.Chronicphotoinhibition慢性光抑制

Underhighlevelsofexcesslight,bothquantumefficiency量子效率andmaximumphotosyntheticratedecreasebecauseofthedamageofthephotosyntheticsystem.Thisphenomenoniscalledchromincphotoinhibition慢性光抑制

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

26.CO2compensationpoint二氧化碳补偿点

AstheintercellularCO2increases,photosyntheticCO2assimilation同化increasesuntilitequalsCO2releasebymitochondrialrespiration线粒体呼吸.ThepointatwhichCO2uptake吸收exactlybalancesCO2releaseiscalledtheCO2compensationpoint二氧化碳补偿点.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm_________________.

27.Efficiencyforsolarenergyutilization太阳能利用率

Efficiencyforsolarenergyutilizationistheratiooftheenergyinorganiccompoundsaccumulatedviaphotosynthesistotheenergyilluminatingperunitfield.

Thedefinitionabove-mentionedistheterm