1991年研究生入学考试英语试题和参考答案.docx

1991年研究生入学考试英语试题和参考答案.docx

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1991年研究生入学考试英语试题和参考答案

1991年研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案

Ⅰ.Ineachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET（15point）

l.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and_mademattersworsewasthatnightbeganto

fall.

A.thatB.itC.whatD.which

2._myretum,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbe

backforseveralhours.'

A.AtB.OnC.WithD.During

3.Anyonewhohasspenttimewithchildrenisawareofthedifferenceinthewayboysandgirls

respondto_situations.

A.similarB.alikeC.sameD.likely

4.Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soI'lltellyouaboutit_.

A.indetailB.inbriefC.inshortD.inall

5.Inthisfactory,suggestionOftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully_.

A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered

6.Thereisarealposibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_asuddenloud

noise.

A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen

7.Bytheyear2000,scientistsprobably_acureforcancer.

A.'willbediscoveringB.arediscovering

C.willhavediscoveredD.havediscovered

8.Jimisn't_,buthedidbadlyinthefinalexamslastsmester.

A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious

9.Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents'_

A.commandB.convictionC.consentD.compromise

IO.Hehad_onthesubject.

A.aratherstrongopinionB.ratherstrongopinion

C.ratherthestrongopinionD.theratherstrongopinion.

Il.WhenJanefelloffthebike,theotherchildren_

A.werenotabletohelplaughterB.couldnothelpbutlaughing

C.couldnothelplaughingD.couldnothelptolaugh

12.Itisbettertodieonone'sfeetthan_.

A.livingonone'skneesB.liveonone'sknees

C.onone'skneesD.toliveonone'sknees

13.Themostimportant__ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwholeheartedlyfor

thepeople.

A.elementB.spotC.senseD.point

14.Thiswatchis__toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.

A.superiorB.advantageousC.superD.beneficial

15.Inatyphoon,winds_aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.

A.assumeB.accomplishC.attainD.assemble

16.__theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

17.Mary_myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

A.hasreceivedB.oughttohavereceived

C.couldn'thavereceivedD.shouldn'thavereceived

18._tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.

A.HardlyhadhebegunB.Nosoonerhadhebegun

C.NotuntilhebeganD.Scarcelydidhebegin

19.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_totheoutsideworld.

A.beinglostB.havinglostC.losingD.lost

20.Thepolicemenwentintoaction_theyheardthealarm.

A.promptlyB.presentlyC.quicklyD.directly

21.ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound_inthewoodsoffthehighway.

A.vanishedB.abandonedC.scatteredD.rejected

22.Dresswarmly,__you'llcatchcold.

A.onthecontraryB.orratherC.orelseD.innoway

23.Ourresearchhasfocusedonadrugwhichisso_astobeabletochangebrainchem-

istry.

A.powerfulB.influentialC.monstrousD.vigorous

24.Bobwascompletely_bytherobber'sdisguise.

A.takenawayB.takendownC.takentoD.takenin

25.Difficultiesandhardshipshave__thebestqualitiesoftheyounggeologist.

A.broughtoutB.broughtaboutC.broughtforthD.broughtup

26.Ourmodemcivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas_inashortperiodoftime.

A.beingcreatedB.tohavebeencreated

C.havingbeencreatedD.tobecreated

27.Eveniftheyareonsale,theserefrigeratorsareequalinpriceto,ifnotmoreexpensivethan,

__attheotherstore.

A.anyoneB.theothersC.thatD.theones

28.Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto__theinvestment

planwithinaweek.

A.workoutB.putoutC.makeoutD.setout

29.Heknowslittleofmathematics,and_ofchemistry.

A.evenmoreB.stilllessC.nolessD.stillmore

30.Thestudentsexpectedthere__morereviewingclassesbeforethefanilexam.

A.isB.beingC.havebeenD.tobe

竇｡.Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Forachquestionfouranswers

aregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchnosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.

PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.（30poinb）

l

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmento

donothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgone

terriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.A

keyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:

accountability.

Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorher

actionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether--honesty,kindness,andsoon--account-

abilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw--

and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapolioeofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople'sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities--smallertowns,usually--whereschoolsmaintain

disciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:

"Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenot

tolerated--theysimplyarenotdone!

"

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitisandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsare

loosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhat

hewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrime

wascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminal

whoisconsideredvictimized:

byhisunderpriviledgedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteach

himtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswho

didn'tprovideastablehome.

Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengage

incriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountabiliy,webecomeasoci-

etyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsa

crimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

31.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat__.

A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

C.it'sonlynaturalforvinuetodefeatevil

D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

32.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,__.

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.moderncivilizationisrnponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

33.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave__.

A.lessself-disciplineB.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect.D.lesseffectivegovernment

34.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat__.

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

35.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat__.

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople'sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

2

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,thepersonbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelong

orshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety'sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmatu-

rityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodof

time,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpattemsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainst

childlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeof

one'slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatus

maychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeof

changearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheU-

nitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignifi-

canceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,right,privilegesandresponsibilitis.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthatt