学年高中英语unit5thepowerofnaturesectionⅡthel.docx

学年高中英语unit5thepowerofnaturesectionⅡthel.docx

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学年高中英语unit5thepowerofnaturesectionⅡthel

课时作业

（二）

[基础题]

Ⅰ　单词拼写

1．I'dlovetobeintroducedtothemanwearingabusiness________（西装）．

答案：

suit

2．Sociallifeisthe________（源泉）ofwisdomofwriters.

答案：

fountain

3．Weexpected50people,butthe________（实际的）numberwasalothigher.

答案：

actual

4．Weshouldkeepinmindthatthereisno________（绝对的）freedomintheworld.

答案：

absolute

5．The________（问卷）surveyisfinished,andthankyouforyourparticipation!

答案：

questionaire

6．（2018·北京高考）Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthep________tochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.

答案：

potential

7．Theperformanceofeachstudentise________bytheirteachers.

答案：

evaluated

8．Violencee________afterpoliceshotastudentduringthedemonstration.

答案：

erupted

9．Allitemsofe________remainthepropertyofthecompany.

答案：

equipment

10．Ah________hitthetown,causinggreatlossestothecrops.

答案：

hurricane

Ⅱ　选词填空

beappointedas;burntotheground;makeone'sway;beequippedwith;outoftheway;beamazedat;protect...from...;becoveredwith;aswellas;compare...with...

1．（2018·天津高考）Thefloorsofallcampusbuildings________manual（手动的）firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.

答案：

areequippedwith

2．TheRedArmy________fromthesouthofChinatothenorthwestwithgreatdifficulties,whichiscalledtheLongMarch.

答案：

madetheirway

3．Toourregret,thewholebuilding________inthefire.

答案：

wasburnttotheground

4．ShecanspeakJapanese________English.

答案：

aswellas

5．You'dbetteroften________yourhandwriting________others'.

答案：

compare;with

6．IwastoldthatMrSmith________themanagerofthecompany.

答案：

wasappointedas

7．Thegrass________frostintheearlymorning.

答案：

wascoveredwith

8．Imovedmylegs________sothatshecouldgetpast.

答案：

outoftheway

9．I________herabilitytocopewiththedifficultsituation.

答案：

wasamazedat

10．Wearingdarkglassescan________youreyes________thesun.

答案：

protect;from

Ⅲ　单句语法填空

1．Afterseveralweeksinthetropicalforestwemadeourwayback________ourcamp.

答案：

to

2．Ourmilkpowderisespecially________（suit）forchildrenunder6,asithelpsalottobuildthebody'snaturaldefence.

答案：

suitable

3．Thelabsinourschoolare________withalotofgood________，whichishelpfulforourstudy.（equip）

答案：

equipped;equipment

4．There________（be）anotherchance,hewilltryhisbest.

答案：

being

5．Imagine________（live）withoutelectricity,whatwillitbelike?

答案：

living

6．IknewthatIwasina________（potential）dangeroussituation.

答案：

potentially

7．IwasabouttogotoyourhometohelpyouwithyourEnglish________myunclecame.

答案：

when

8．Accordingtothesurvey,thereason________peopleareunhappyisthattheydonothaveenoughlove.

答案：

why

9．Ifyouareinvitedtodinner,youaresupposedtoarrivenotlaterthanthe________（appoint）time.

答案：

appointed

10．Allthetasks________（finish）aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.

答案：

havingbeenfinished

Ⅳ　单句写作

1．____________________（被任命为领导）ofthegroup,themanwasveryexcited.

答案：

Appointedastheleader

2．____________________（配备有武器）,thesoldiersdeterminedtofightagainsttheterrorists.

答案：

Equippedwitharms

3．______________________（已经工作了两天）,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.

答案：

Havingworkedfortwodays

4．Tom______________________________________（正要关窗这时）hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.

答案：

wasabouttoclosethewindowwhen

5．Allnightlonghelayawake,____________________________（思索着问题）．

答案：

thinkingoftheproblem

[能力题]

阅读理解

A

Scientistsfoundgravitationalwavesastheywatchedtheeffectsoftwoblackholesrunningintoeachotherandformingamuchbiggerone,acenturyafterAlbertEinsteinpredictedthatsuchaneventwouldsendripples（波纹）throughspacetime.

Scientists“heard”thewavewiththehelpoflaserbeams（激光束）sentthroughtwopipeswhichformanangleof90°betweeneachotherandarenearly2,000milesapartintheUS.Thatequipmentletthemglimpsethenatureofblackholes.TogethertheymadeuptheLaserInterferometerGravitationalWaveObservatory（LICO）．

GravitationalwaveswerefirstobservedinSeptember2015andtheseconddetectionoccurredthreemonthslater.Thethirddetection,whichtheastronomerscalledGW170104,wasmadeonJanuary4,2017.Theastronomersbelievedtheirlatestfinding“providescluesaboutthedirectionsinwhichtheblackholesarespinning”.

“Blackholesarebeautifullysimple.Youjustneedtwonumberstodescribethemcompletely:

mass,howmuchtheybendspacetime,andaspin,howmuchspacetimemovesaboutthem，”saidDrChristopherBerryoftheUniversityofBirmingham,oneoftheresearchersintheproject.“Butittakeslotsofhardworktomeasurethesefromourdata.Wenowhavewonderfulmassmeasurements,andarestartingtouncoverdetailsaboutthespinsoftheseblackholes,whichcouldgiveevidenceforhowtheyformed.”TheresearcherssaidtheirdiscoveryaddedfurtherevidencetosupportEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativityandconfirmedtheexistenceofpreviouslyunknownblackholes.

Morethan1,000scientistsfromtheLIGOScientificCollaborationwereinvolvedintheprojectalongwithanadditional280researchersfromtheEuropeanbasedVirgoCollaboration.Scientistshopegravitationalwaveswillofferacompletelydifferentviewoftheuniverse,allowingthemtostudyeventsthatmightbehiddenfromtraditionaltelescopes.“Wehavefurtherconfirmationoftheexistenceofstellar（恒星的）massblackholesthatarelargerthan20solarmasses.Wedidn'tknowtheyexistedbeforeLIGOdetectedthem，”MITresearcherDavidShoemakersaid.

1．Whopioneeredgravitationalwaves?

A．DavidShoemaker.B．ChristopherBerry.

C．ScientistsfromLIGO.D．AlbertEinstein.

答案：

D　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“acenturyafterAlbertEinsteinpredictedthatsuchaneventwouldsendripples（波纹）throughspacetime”可知，科学家们的这一发现发生在爱因斯坦预测此事件的一个世纪后，因此爱因斯坦是引力波的先行者。

2．Howdidscientistsdiscovergravitationalwaves?

A．Byusinglaserbeams.

B．Byjoiningverticalpipes.

C．Byusingtraditionaltelescopes.

D．Byfollowingtheorbitofblackholes.

答案：

A　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“Scientists‘heard’thewavewiththehelpoflaserbeams（激光束）sentthroughtwopipeswhichformanangleof90°betweeneachotherandarenearly2,000milesapartintheUS.”可知，科学家们是通过使用激光束来探测到引力波的。

3．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

A．Morethan2,000scientiststookpartintheevent.

B．Scientistshavealreadydiscoveredspinsofblackholes.

C．Gravitationalwavescontributedtoblackholes'research.

D．Thereisnowaytofindouthowblackholesareformed.

答案：

C　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Theastronomersbelievedtheirlatestfinding‘providescluesaboutthedirectionsinwhichtheblackholesarespinning’．”和第四段中的“We...arestartingtouncoverdetailsaboutthespinsoftheseblackholes,whichcouldgiveevidenceforhowtheyformed.”可知，科学家们第三次发现引力波给黑洞的旋转方向提供了线索，黑洞的旋转细节可能为它们的形成方式提供证据。

即引力波有助于黑洞的研究。

故选C。

4．Whatdothescientiststhinkoftheapplicationofgravitationalwaves?

A．It'scontroversial.B．It'spromising.

C．It'slimited.D．It'sdemanding.

答案：

B　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Scientistshopegravitationalwaveswillofferacompletelydifferentviewoftheuniverse,allowingthemtostudyeventsthatmightbehiddenfromtraditionaltelescopes.”可知，科学家们希望引力波会提供一个完全不同的宇宙观，使得他们能研究使用传统望远镜可能发现不了的事情，即他们认为引力波的运用很有前景。

故选B项。

B

（2019·中央民族大学附中月考）SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillthesubjectofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs（肢）thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物学家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.

Romerthoughtthattidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition（过渡）fromseatoland.

Romercalledtheseearliestfourfootedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.

HannahByrneisanoceanographer（海洋学家）atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkRomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits（沉积物）oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.

AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistatUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.

Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”，explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（翻转）themselvesbackinthewater.”

Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginoflan