版高考英语外研版全国一轮复习话题一一科普热点真题精练.docx

版高考英语外研版全国一轮复习话题一一科普热点真题精练.docx

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版高考英语外研版全国一轮复习话题一一科普热点真题精练

第一节　真题精练

5年真题拓展训练

（1）

真题深度阅读训练

StepOne　真题体验（2015·全国Ⅱ·阅读理解B）

Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.

Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessselfconscious（难为情）whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight，getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing，whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint，goblue.

Don’tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories（卡路里）permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou’reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.

Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12inchplateinsteadofa10inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.Andwe’llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort，wideglassthanatall，skinnyglass.

5．Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout.

A．theirhomecomforts

B．theirbodyshape

C．housebuying

D．healthydiets

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章首句“Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.”以及下面几个段落中提到的建议可知，本文是关于如何不变胖的，所以那些“关心自己体形的人”会觉得本文特别有帮助，故选B项。

6．Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople.

A．digestfoodbetter

B．reducefoodintake

C．burnmorecalories

D．regaintheirappetites

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“...peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.”可知，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的房间里少吃33%的食物，故B项“减少食物摄入量”正确。

7．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?

A．Eatquickly.B．Playfastmusic.

C．Usesmallerspoons.D．Turndownthelights.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone，totalintake（摄入）jumpsby14percent.”可知，应使用较小的汤匙，故C项正确。

8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．IsYourHouseMakingYouFat?

B．WaysofServingDinner

C．EffectsofSelfConsciousness

D．IsYourHomeEnvironmentRelaxing?

答案　A

解析　标题归纳题。

短文首句即为主题句：

房子可能影响住户的身材。

接下来介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。

因此A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗”最适合做文章的标题。

StepTwo　信息句与长难句分析

1．Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.

分析：

youdesignyourhome是一个定语从句，修饰先行词theway，省略了关系词that/inwhich；whetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff为介词in的宾语从句，当从句有or时，宾语从句仅用whether连接，不用if。

翻译：

专家说，你设计你家的方式在对你变得肥胖或减肥方面能够发挥作用。

2．Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating，forpeopleareoftenlessselfconscious（难为情）whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.

分析：

for为并列连词，连接原因状语从句；从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句；and连接并列谓语。

翻译：

黑暗的环境更容易鼓励暴饮暴食，因为当人们处在光线昏暗的地方，他们往往不感到难为情，所以更可能吃很多的食物。

3．（6题信息句）Inonestudy，peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.

分析：

定语从句whoatemealsinablueroom修饰先行词people；those后面省略了whoatemeals。

翻译：

在一项研究中，人们在蓝色的房间里吃饭要比在黄色或红色的房间里少吃33%的食物。

StepThree　深度阅读与拓展训练

任务型阅读——篇章结构

StepFour　知识积累

1．haveaneffecton对……有影响，对……起作用/产生效果

2．playarolein在……起作用

3．keepoff不接近；让开；防止；挡住

4．turnup打开；翻起；出现；（尤指失去后偶然）被发现

5．belikelyto倾向于；可能要

6．keeptrackof记录；与……保持联系

7．slowdown（使）慢下来；（使）生产缓慢；（使）变得迟钝

8．turnon打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）；（使）感兴趣；（使）兴奋

真题精选对应训练

（2015·四川·阅读理解D）

Theircheerysongbrightensmanyawinter’sday.Butrobinsareindangerofwearingthemselvesoutbysingingtoomuch.Robinsaresingingallnight—aswellasduringtheday，Britishbasedresearcherssay.

DavidDominoni，ofGlasgowUniversity，saidthatlightfromstreetlamps，takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclock，leadingtothembeingwideawakewhentheyshouldbeasleep.

DrDominoni，whoisputtingcamerasinsidenestingboxestotracksleepingpatterns，saidlackofsleepcouldputthebirds’healthatrisk.Hisstudyshowsthatwhenrobinsareexposedtolightatnightinthelab，itleadstosomegenesbeingactiveatthewrongtimeofday.Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight，themoreactivetheyareatnight.

Hetoldpeopleataconference，“Therehavebeenacoupleofstudiessuggestingtheyareincreasingtheirsongoutputatnightandduringthedaytheyarestillsinging.Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.Sobyincreasingtheirsongoutput，theremightbesomecostsofenergy.”

Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.DrDominonisaid，“InGlasgowwhereIlive，gullsareaseriousproblem.Ihavepeoplecomingtomesaying‘Youarethebirdexpert.Canyouhelpuskillthesegulls？

’．Duringthebreeding（繁殖）season，betweenAprilandJune，theyareveryactiveatnightandverynoisyandpeoplecan’tsleep.”

AlthoughDrDominonihasonlystudiedlightpollution，otherresearchconcludedthatrobinslivinginnoisycitieshavestartedtosingatnighttomakethemselvesheardoverloudnoise.

However，somebirdsthrive（兴旺）innoisyenvironments.AstudyfromCaliforniaPolytechnicUniversityfoundmorehummingbirdsinareaswithheavyindustrialmachinery.Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators（天敌）fleeingtoquieterareas.

42．AccordingtoDrDominoni’sstudy，whatcausedrobinstosingsomuch?

A．Thebreedingseason.

B．Thelightinmodernlife.

C．Thedangerousenvironment.

D．Thenoisefromheavymachinery.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的“DavidDominoni，ofGlasgowUniversity，saidthatlightfromstreetlamps，takeawaysignsandhomesisaffectingthebirds’biologicalclock，leadingtothembeingwideawake...”以及第三段最后一句可知，是现代生活中的灯光使得知更鸟唱歌太多。

故选择B。

43．Whatistheresearchers’concernovertheincreaseofbirds’songoutput?

A．Theenvironmentmightbepolluted.

B．Thebirds’healthmightbedamaged.

C．Theindustrycostmightbeincreased.

D．Thepeople’shearingmightbeaffected.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章第四段中的“Singingisacostlybehaviourandittakesenergy.”可知，唱歌唱得越多，鸟类就会损耗更多的精力，它们的健康也会因此受到损害。

故选择B。

44．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean?

A．Activeatnight.

B．Inactiveatnight.

C．Activeduringtheday.

D．Inactiveduringtheday.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

根据上文的“Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeing...”以及本段最后的“...theyareveryactiveatnight...”可知，这里的nocturnal与前面的awake应该是近义词，意为“夜间活动的”。

故选A。

45．Whydosomebirdsthriveinnoisyenvironments?

A．Becausetherearefewerdangers.

B．Becausethereismorefoodtoeat.

C．Becausethereislesslightpollution.

D．Becausetherearemoreplacestotakeshelter.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段最后一句“Itisthoughtthattheyarecapitalisingontheirpredators（天敌）fleeingtoquieterareas.”可知，它们的天敌都去了更安静的地方，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。

5年真题拓展训练

（2）

真题深度阅读训练

StepOne　真题体验（2013·新课标全国Ⅰ·阅读理解B）

Thebabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert（警觉）．Twentycentimetersfromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother，thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother，hergaze（凝视）startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird，withthreeblackspots，ispresented.Hergazereturns：

shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree，just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?

Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer？

Thesameexperiment，butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo，showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness？

Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects（acomb，akey，anorangeandsoon），changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake，asopposedtothree？

Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree，orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo；likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.

60．TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebaby’s.

A．senseofhearingB．senseofsight

C．senseoftouchD．senseofsmell

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章第一段可知，刚刚出生的孩子对于两个和三个斑点的卡片反应不同，可知是对孩子视觉的测验。

61．Babiesaresensitivetothechangein.

A．thesizeofcardsB．thecolourofpictures

C．theshapeofpatternsD．thenumberofobjects

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

由第一段第六句可知，随着卡片上黑点数量的变化，婴儿的注视也发生变化，表明婴儿对于数量的变化比较敏感。

故选D项。

62．Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats?

A．Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.

B．Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.

C．Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.

D．Tokeepthebabies’interest.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章最后两句“Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses...”可知，研究人员在移动不同数量的斑点的同时，加入鼓声，以进一步验证孩子的反应，故答案为C项。

63．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A．Sciencefiction.B．Children’sliterature.

C．Anadvertisement.D．Asciencereport.

答案　D

解析　文章出处题。

通读全文可知本文是一篇科学报道。

sciencefiction科幻小说；children’sliterature儿童文学；anadvertisement广告。

StepTwo　信息句与长难句分析

1．（61题信息句）Asthecardschangefromonetotheother，hergaze（凝视）startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird，withthreeblackspots，ispresented.

分析：

until连接时间状语从句；主句中含有as引导的状语从句；athird是until从句的主语，后省略了名词card；介词短语withthreeblackspots作非限制性定语，修饰athird。

翻译：

随着这两张卡片反复地变换，她的注意力开始转移——直到给她看到了第三张，一张带有三个黑点的卡片。

2．（62题信息句）Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo；likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.

分析：

who引导定语从句，此从句修饰先行词babies；than引导比较状语从句，连接两个时间状语从句whentheythenheardthreedrumbeats和whentheyheardjusttwo。

翻译：

不断地被出示两个点卡片的婴儿，听到三声鼓声的时候会比听到两声的时候更激动；当研究人员先放鼓声，再改变点的数量的情况时，结果同样如此。

StepThree　深度阅读与拓展训练

任务型阅读——篇章结构

StepFour　知识积累

1．stareat盯着；凝视

2．remove移走；拿开

3．replace...by...用……取代……

4．focus注意；焦点

5．aslongas和……一样长；只要

6．previous先前的

7．bedifferentfrom...和……不一样

8．prefer...to...与……相比更喜欢……

9．thenumberof……的数目

10．asopposedto与……对照之下；而非

11．paymoreattentionto更注意

12．startwith...以……开始

真题精选对应训练

（2013·浙江·阅读理解C）

Thebabymonkeyismuchmoredevelopedatbirththanthehumanbaby.Almostfromthemomentitisborn，thebabymonkeycanmovearoundandholdtightlytoitsmother.Du