自主学习4答案.docx

自主学习4答案.docx

《自主学习4答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自主学习4答案.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

自主学习4答案

自主学习4

PartIReadingComprehension（40minutes

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasewritethecorrespondingletterforeachitemintheblank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

A NewYorkTimes-CBSNewspollfoundthatalmost90percentofAmericansthinkthathomeownershipisanimportantpartoftheAmericandream.Butonly7percentofAmericans1____rankedhomeownershipastheirfirstorseconddefinitionoftheAmericandream.Whythe2____?

OwningrealestateisimportanttosomeAmericans,butnotasimportant--oras3___rewarding--aswe'reledtobelieve.

FederalsupportofhomeownershipgreatlyovervaluesitsmeaninginAmericanlife.Throughtaxbreaksandguarantees,thegovernment4____homeownershiptoitspeakin2004,when69percentofAmericanhouseholdsownedhomes.Subsidiesforhomeownership,5___themortgage（抵押interestdeduction,reached$230billionin2009,accordingtotheCongressionalBudgetOffice.Meanwhile,only$60billionintaxbreaksandspendingprograms6____renters.

Theresultofthisrealestatespendingcraze?

AccordingtotheFederalReserve,Americanrealestatelostmorethan$6trillionin7___,oralmost30percent,between2006and2010.OneinfiveAmericanhomeownersisunderwater,owingmoreonamortgagethanwhatthehomeis8___.

Thosewhoprofitmostfromhomeownershiparedefinitelythelargestsourceofpoliticalcampaign9_____.Insurancecompanies,securitiesandinvestmentfirms,realestateinterests,andcommercialbanksgavemorethan$100milliontofederalcandidatesandpartiesin2011,accordingtotheCenterforResponsivePolitics.

Homeownershipismoreimportantto10_____intereststhanitistomostAmericans,who,accordingtoourresearch,caremoreabout"agoodjob,""thepursuitofhappiness"and"freedom."

Aaided

Fdifference

Krapidly

Battributed

Gexpected

Lspecial

Cbenefit

Hfinancially

Msurveyed

Dboosted

Iincluding

Nvalue

Econtributions

Jpolitical

Oworth

1—5MFHDI6---10ANOEL

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbywritingthecorrespondingletterintheblank.

FightUnhealthyFood,NotFatPeople

AIt’shardlybreakingnewsthatjunkfoodisbadforus.Butjusthowbad---andjusthowmuchfoodcompaniesknowabouttheaddictive（添加剂 componentsofcertainfoods,andjusthowmuchtheydeliberatelytargetthe mostvulnerableconsumersknowingtheyaredoingdamage---isstillbeingdiscovered.TheNewYorkTimesoffersthelatestinstallmentinthisweekend’smagazinewithanarticleaboutthescienceofjunkfoodaddiction.

BNearlyeverythingwrittenaboutfoodinthemainstreammediareliesonthesamenarrative:

Obesityis bad.Thatkindofreportingispartofwhat’skeepingussick.There’snodenyingthefactthatthe Americanpublichasgottenlargerinrecentdecades.Alongwithgettingfatter,we'vealsoseenarisein illnesseslikeheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.Insteadoffocusingonhowourhealthishurting,most ofthemediacoverageusestheterm“obesity”,makingthestorymoreaboutweightthanabout health---tothepointwhereit’sbecomeanacceptedtruththat“fat”equals“unhealthy”.

CThat’snotactuallythecase,though.While“theobesityepidemic”maybeaconvenientcatch-allfortheillnessesandhealthproblemsrelatedtoourfoodchain.it’salazytermandaninaccurateone.Are weactuallyworriedaboutpublichealth?

Orareweoffendedbyfatbodiesthatdon’tmeetourthinideals?

Inallseriousness:

Whatgooddoesafocusonbodysizeactuallydo?

DIfwe’reactuallyconcernedabouthealth,thenweshouldfocusonhealth.Theaddictivequalitiesof ourfood,thelackofoversight（监督.thehighlevelsofchemicalsandthegovernmentsubsidies（补贴tomakepriceslowermakingtheworstfoodsthemostaccessibleshouldconcernusandspurustoaction.Nutrient-deficient（营养缺乏的chemically-processed"food"inincreasinglylargersizesisbadforallofourbodies,whetherwe'refatorthinorsomewhereinbetween.Soisthecultureinwhichfastfoodisabletothrive.Americansworkmorethaneverbefore;wetakefewervacationdaysandputinlongerhours,especiallysincetherecessionhit.TheUSremainstheonlyindustrializedcountrywithoutnationalpaidparentalleaveandwithoutcompulsoryannualvacationtime;wealsohavenofederallawrequiringpaidsickdays.85%ofAmericanmenand66%ofwomenworkmorethan40hoursperweek.InNorway,forcomparison,23%ofmenworkmorethan40-hourweeks,andonly7%ofwomen.

EDespiteallthiswork,Americanincomelevelsremainremarkablydividedintothepoorestandtherichest,withtherichestfewcontrollingnearlyallofthewealth.Inoneofthewealthiestcountriesonearth,oneinsevenpeoplerelyonfederalfoodaid,withmostofthefinancialbenefitsgoingtobigfoodcompanieswhoarealsoabletoproducecheap,nutritionallyquestionablefoodthankstoagriculturalsubsidies.Thepricesoftheworstfoodsareartificiallydepressed,thebigfoodlobbieshaveenormouspower,andthebiggestloseristheAmericanpublic,especiallylow-incomefolkswhospendlargerproportionsoftheirincomeonfoodbutfacesystematicimpediments（妨碍tohealthyeatingandexercise.

FWithdemandingworkdays,littletimeoffanddisproportionateamountsofourincomesgoingtowardthingslikehealthinsuranceandchildcarethatothercountriesprovideatalowercost,isitanysurprisethatweeatfast-foodbreakfastonourlapsinthecarandpreferdinneroptionsthatarequickandcheap?

GReformingourfoodsystemrequiresmajorstructuralchanges,notjustsayingnotoputdownthatbagofchips.Weneedtopushbackagainstcorporateinterests.Foodcompaniesareincredibly"goodatpositingthemselvesascrusaders（拥护者forpersonalchoiceandentitiessimplydedicatedtogivingthepublicwhatitwants.Somehow,bigfoodcompanieshaveconvincedusthatdrinkinga32ozsodaisamatterofpersonalliberty,andthatthegovernmenthasnoplaceinregulatinghowmuchliquid sugarcanbesoldinasinglecontainer.

HInfact,weknow---andtheycertainlyknow---thathumanbeingsareremarkablybadatjudginghowmuchwe'reeating.Foodcompaniesusethatinformationtoencourageover-consumption,andtotargetcertainconsumerswhotendtohavelessdisposableincometoinvestinhealthyfood ---poorpeople,peopleofcolor,kids.

IFoodisasocialjusticeissuethathasdisproportionatelynegativeimpactsongroupsalreadyfacinghardship.Thatshouldbeanissueforeverysociallyconsciousperson.Butwhenlookingatthelargenumberofproblemscausednotonlybyourbigfoodindustrybutbythepoliciesthatenablethemandourculturalnormsthatincentivizepoorhealthchoices,toomanypeoplesimplyturn"obesity"intotheboogeyman（鬼怪.Doctorsevenblamefatnessforallsortsofmedicalconditionsandpeopledon'tgetpropertreatment.Fatwomengotothedoctorlessoftenforroutinecancerscreenings,andpatientsreportdoctorsfocusingontheirweightandignoringrealmedicalproblemslikebrokenbonesandasthma（哮喘.

J）Onthepolicyside,promotersoflawsthatincentivizehealthorpushbackoncorporatefoodinterestssuchasMichelleObama’sLet'sMove!

initiative,bansonextra-largesodas,andextraSNAPbenefitsatfarmer'smarketsinevitablytarget"obesity"intheircampaigns.Thatstrategyhastheeffectofmaligning（诽谤thebeautyofcertainbodiesinsteadofencouragingeveryonetobehealthierandcounteringtheenormousinfluenceofbigcompanies.Asaresult,manypeoplewhoshouldbethenaturalalliesofhealth-promotinginitiativesareputoffbytheshamingfatlanguage.

K）"Obesityepidemic"languagehasalsofedintotheideaofbodysizeandeatinghabitsassocialgroup. Thinnerkale（甘蓝 ---eatingeliteliberalsintheNortheastaretryingtoforce-feedcabbagetoheavierrealAmericansintheSouthandMidwest.Noonewinswiththatkindofculturalpolarization.

L）Yes,let'spushbackagainstbigfoodcompaniesandquestiontheiroutsizedinfluenceinWashington  andinourdailylives,andlet'sfocusonmakinghealthyfoodmorewidelyaccessible.Let'srealizethat  thechallengesextendbeyondjustwhatweeat.Let'sfightforthehumane（仁爱的workpoliciesthatwillmakeusallhealthier.

M）Butlet'sdothatbecausepublichealthisallofourconcern,notbecauseit'sculturallyeasytopointthe fingeratfatpeople.Givingeverymemberofasocietythechancetobeashealthyaspossibleisa moralgood.Itsavesmoneyanditsaveslives.Solet'sdoittherightwayandthemosteffectivewaywithoutlazilyrelyingontheword"obesity".

11.Asasocialjusticeproblem,foodnegativelyimpactongroupswhoalreadyhavehadadifficultlife

12.Theword"obesity"usedbymostmediacoverageshowstheyconcernlessaboutourhealththanourweight.

13.Weshouldconcentrateonmakingpeoplehavemoreaccesstogethealthyfood.

14.Inoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld,oneinsevenAmericansliveonfederalfoodaid.

15.Amongtheindustrializedcountries,theUSistheonlyonehavingnonationalpaidparentalleaveandsickdays,and