浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默.docx

浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默.docx

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浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默

ABriefStudyonBlackHumorinCatch-22

浅析《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默

Contents

EnglishOutline..........………………………………………………………

ChineseOutline……………………………………………………...…….

EnglishAbstract…………………………………………………………..III

ChineseAbstract……………………………………………………….…I

Chapter

Introduction……………………………………………………...1

Chapter

GeneralExplanationoftheBlackHumor………...……………1

Chapter

AnBriefIntroductiontoJosephHeller………………………..2

Chapter

BlackHumorinCatch-22……………………………………..6

ChapterVConclusion…………………………………………………….11

WorksCited……………………………………………………………....12

英文提纲...................................................

中文提纲.................................................

英文摘要..................................................

中文摘要...................................................

第一章引言................................................1

第二章黑色幽默简介.......................................1

第三章约瑟夫.海勒简介.....................................2

第四章黑色幽默在《第二十二条军规》中的体现.................6

第五章结论...............................................11

参考文献..................................................12

Outline

Thesisstatement:

ThispapermakesatentativeanalysisofblackhumorinJosephHeller’scatch-22aimingatdeepeningthereader’sunderstandingoftheblackhumorandcatch-22.

Chapter

Introduction

Chapter

GeneralExplanationoftheBlackHumor

Chapter

BriefIntroductiontoJosephHeller

3.1Heller’sLife

3.2Heller’sWritingStyleandWorks

3.3Heller’sCatch-22

3.3.1TheBackgroundofCatch-22

3.3.2AGistoftheNovel

Chapter

BlackHumorincatch-22

4.1TheDescriptionofMainCharacters

4.2TheThemeoftheNovel

4.3TheStructureoftheNovel

4.4TheCharacteristicsoftheLanguage

ChapterVIConclusion

WorksCited

提纲

论文主旨：

本文通过分析约瑟夫.海勒的作品《第二十二条军规》中的黑色幽默加深读者对这部作品以及黑色幽默的理解。

第一章引言

第二章黑色幽默简介

第三章约瑟夫简介

3.1约瑟夫.海勒的一生

3.2约瑟夫.海勒的写作风格及作品

3.3海勒的《第二十二条军规》

3.3.1《第二十二条军规》的创作背景

3.3.2《第二十二条军规》的内容梗概

第四章黑色幽默在《第二十二条军规》中的精彩体现

4.1人物塑造

4.2小说主题

4.3结构特点

4.4语言特色

第五章结论

参考文献

Abstract

Catch-22isoneofthetypicalrepresentativebooksofblackhumor.JosephHeller,theauthorofthisnoveldescribedmanyabsurdimagesinasymbolicway.Manywords,phrases,anddialoguesinthisnovelaredisorder,repeating,dubiousandparadoxical.Itisthewonderfuldeductionofblackhumor.Theauthorofthispapermainlyanalyzedblackhumorincatch-22throughconcretediscussingtheblackhumorinportrayingthecharacters,deepeningthetheme,arrangingthestructureandselectingthewordsandsentencesinthisfiction.Allinall,catch-22isoneofthemostimportantworksofblackhumorandthispaperistomakethereadershaveabetterunderstandingofthenovelcatch-22.

KeyWords:

blackhumor;catch-22;absurd

摘要

《二十二条军规》是黑色幽默文学的代表作之一。

《二十二条军规》的作者约瑟夫.海勒以象征主义手法创造了许多经典的角色。

这部著作的许多词、短语、对话都是处于无序、重复、模棱两可和自相矛盾中，是黑色幽默的完美演绎。

这篇论文主要通过详细探讨黑色幽默在塑造人物、深化主题、安排结构以及选词造句上的运用来分析黑色幽默在这部小说中的完美展现。

总之，《第二十二条军规》是黑色幽默最重要的著作之一，这篇论文旨在加深读者对它理解。

关键词：

黑色幽默；第二十二条军规；荒诞

ABriefStudyonBlackHumorinCatch-22

ChapterIIntroduction

Catch-22isthefirstandmostimportantlongnovelofJosephHeller.Sincecatch-22waspublishedin1961inAmerica,ithasalwaysbeenacrucialpartofmodernliterature.Withthetimepassing,thenovelhasnotbeenoutofdate.Onthecontrary,itattractswideattentionsaroundtheworldbecauseofthenovel’stheme,writingstyleandvalue.

InChina,anincreasingnumberofscholarswritebooksandessaystoexpounddifferentaspectsofthenovel.Throughdetailedsearchandanalysis,itwasfoundthatatpresentthereareatleast130academicpapersaboutCatch-22ontheCDMD（ChineseDoctorandMaster’sDatabase）.Amongallthesepapers,48papersfocusonitsthemeandtheauthorand66papersareconcernedwithitswritingskills.SomeothersmainlystudyontheabsurdityaswellasotherthingsrelatedwithCatch-22,forexample,WuShaohui（2006）FreeChoiceinanAbsurdWorld—AnInterpretationoftheExistentialismandWangYimei（2005）TheGradualReturntoSelf—ATentativeAnalysisofSelf-awarenessinthe20thCentury’sWesternModernistLiterature.Besides,severalpapersareaboutcharactersofCatch-22suchasWanShihua（2006）TheBlackFigureSalon—AnalysisoftheFiguresonCatch-22.Undoubtedlynomatterwhatsubjectsthescholarsstudy,theme,writingskillorothers,itisinevitableforthemtotouchontheliteraturegeneofthisnovel—blackhumor.

ThispapermakesatentativestudyontherelationshipbetweenblackhumorandCatch-22.Fromtheperspectiveofblackhumor,theauthorofthispaperistryingtomakeadetailedanalysisonitsmaincharacter,theme,structureandlanguageaimstocomprehensivelydisplaythedeductionofblackhumorinCatch-22andletthereadershaveabetterunderstandingofthisnovel.

ChapterIIGeneralExplanationoftheBlackHumor

BlackhumoriscreditedtotheAnthologyofBlackHumor,a1939Frenchanthologyof45writerseditedbyAndreBreton.IntheUnitedStates,blackhumorasaliterarygenrecametoprominenceinthe1950sand1960s.Later,anEnglish-languageanthologyeditedbyBruceJayFriedman,titledBlackHumor,assemblesworksof12writersofthegenre.ItisoneofthemostrepresentativegenresintheAmericanliteraturein1960s.Forinstance,theworksofsuchwritersasKurtVonnegut,ThomasPynchon,JohnBarth,JosephHeller,andPhilipRothcontainelementsofblackhumor.

Itwasusuallyusedinliterature,drama,andfilm,isakindofgrotesqueormorbidhumorretainingaserioustone.Thepurposeofblackhumoristoexpresstheabsurdity,insensitivity,paradox,andcrueltyofthemodernworld.Ordinarycharactersorsituationsareusuallyexaggeratedfarbeyondthelimitsofnormalsatireorirony.Blackhumorusesdevicesoftenassociatedwithtragedyandissometimesequatedwithtragicfarce.Forexample,StanleyKubrick'sfilmDr.StrangeloveorHowILearnedtoStopWorryingandLovetheBomb（1963）isaterrifyingcomictreatmentofthecircumstancessurroundingthedroppingofanatombomb,whileJulesFeiffer'scomedyLittleMurders（1965）isadelineationofthehorrorsofmodernurbanlife,focusingparticularlyonrandomassassinations.Popularthemesofthegenreincludemurder,suicide,war,barbarism,drugabuse,terminalillness,domesticviolence,insanity,nightmare,disease,racism,disability（bothphysicalandmental）,chauvinism,corruption,andcrime.Besides,somecomediansuseitasatoolforexploringvulgarissues,thusprovokingdiscomfortandseriousthoughtaswellasamusementintheiraudience.

TheauthorofthispaperthinksthatblackhumorasoneoftheAmericanliteraturegenresmusthaveitsorigin.Lookingbackintothehistory,itisnotdifficulttofindthattherearetwoaspectsofreasonsfortheappearanceofblackhumor.Firstofall,thewartraumaandsocialdisturbancemakepeoplehaveaforebodingoftheendoftheworld.In1960s,theWWIIhasjustfinished,buttheeffectsofthewarlastedformanyyears.AllfactsinAmericandisclosedtheliesofso-calledjusticeandpatriotismresultinginshakingpeople’sbeliefinGod,humanitarianismandreason.Inaddition,thelopsideddevelopmentoftechnologycausedthelossofpersonality.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplewerestressedoutmateriallyandspiritually.Underthatcircumstance,blackhumorcameoutasanecessarymethodtoexpresspeople’sinnerfeelings.

ChapterIIIBriefIntroductiontoJosephHeller

3.1Heller’sLife

JosephHeller（1923-1999）wasborninConeyIslandinBrooklyn,NewYorkonMay1,1923.HeisthesonofpoorJewishparentsfromRussia.Hediedofaheartattackattheageof76yearsoldathishomeinEastHampton,onLongIsland,inDecember1999.

Evenasachild,helovedtowrite;asateenager,hewroteastoryabouttheRussianinvasionofFinlandandsentittoNewYorkDailyNews,whichrejectedit.Hisworkswerefirstpublishedin1948,whentheAtlanticranoneofhisshortstories.Thatfirststorynearlywonthe“AtlanticFirst."In1953,hebegantowritehisCatch-22anditwaspublishedin1961.ShortlyafterCatch-22waspublished,Hellerthoughtofanideaforhisnextnovel,whichwouldbecomeSomethingHappened.Afterthat,hebecameaprofessionalwriterandkeptonwritinguntilthecompletionofhislastnovel,PortraitofanArtist,asanOldMan.

Realityisthesettingofliterature.Heller’slifeexperienceaffectedhiswritingcareer.HewasbornintoaJewishfamily.BecauseofracialpersecutioninRussia,hisfamilyimmigratedtoAmericain1913.Whenhewasyoung,hisfamilywasverypoor.In1942,attheageof19,hejoinedtheU.S.ArmyAirCorps.Twoyearslater,hewassenttoItalianFrontasabombardier.Yossarian,themaincharacterinCatch-22issimilartohiminmanyaspects.Afterthewar,HellerstudiedEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandNewYorkUniversity.Duringthatperiod,hebegantowriteshortstories.Hewasoncesufferedfromgullian-barresyndrome.HisillnessandrecoveryarerecountedatgreatlengthintheautobiographicalNoLaughingMatter（Heller1986）.In1998,hereleasedamemoir,NowandThen:

FromConeyIslandtoHere,inwhichherelivedhischildhoodasthesonofadeliverymanandofferedsomedetailsabouttheinspirationsforCatch-22.

3.2Heller’sWorksandWritingStyle

JosephHellerbeganhiswritingcareerastheauthorofshortstoriesbutwonimmediateacclaimwithCatch-22（1961;film,1970）.Aprotestnovelunderscoredwithblackhumor,Catch-22satirizesthehorrorsofwarandthepowerofmodernsociety,especiallybureaucraticinstitutions,todestroythehumanspirit.Heller'ssecondnovel,SomethingHappened（1974）,anexposeofthecapacityofthebusinessworldtocrushtheindividual