虚拟现实技术用于建筑教学外文文献翻译.docx

虚拟现实技术用于建筑教学外文文献翻译.docx

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虚拟现实技术用于建筑教学外文文献翻译

虚拟现实技术用于建筑教学外文翻译2019

英文

Theapplicationofvirtualrealitytechnologyinarchitecturalpedagogyforbuildingconstructions

AhmadBashabsheh,HussainAlzoubi,MostafaAli

Abstract

Therecentdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhashugeopportunitiestoimprovethearchitecturaleducationintermsofmethodologies,strategiesandtools.BuildingconstructioncoursestaughtintheCollegeofArchitectureandDesignatJordanUniversityofScienceandTechnologymainlydependonthetraditionalTeachercenteredmethodofteaching.Thisresearchsuggestsavirtualenvironmenttechnologyasatooltodevelopneweducationalapproachforthesecourses.

Thisstudydevelopedcomputersoftwareforthispurposetodealwithbuildingconstructionusingvirtualrealitytechnology（BC\VRsoftware）.Thissoftwareisdesignedbytheauthorsforresearchpurposeandpresents4Dmodel（3Dmodelandtimedimension）forcertainbuildingconstructionphasesusingVRtechnologytodoimmersiveandnon-immersivevirtualrealityexperiencefortheusers.Thisresearchaimsatevaluatingthe（BC\VRSoftware）inarchitecturaleducationofbuildingconstructioncoursesasacasestudyatJordanUniversityofScienceandTechnology（JUST）intermsofthreeaxes:

providingstudentswiththebuildingconstructioninformation,achievingenjoyment,andtheintegratingwithothercourses.

ThestudysamplewasselectedfromthepopulationofbuildingconstructionstudentsatJordanUniversityofScienceandTechnology（JUST）.Astructuredquestionnairewasdesignedanddistributedtothestudentsoftheabovementionedclasses.

TheresultsshowthattheVRsoftwarehastheabilitytoachievethethreeaxesbetterthanthoseofthetraditionalteachingmethod.Asaconclusion,usingtheBC\VRsoftwareasatoolinbuildingconstructioncoursesisveryusefulandeffectiveforthestudents.TheVRtechnologyisalsoapplicableonotherarchitecturalcourses.

Keywords:

Buildingconstruction,Architecturaleducation,Virtualreality,VRtechnology

1. Introduction

Withtheevolutionofinformationandcommunicationtechnology,changeandimprovementbecomeveryessentialinmanysectors.Educationsectorconsidersinformationandcommunicationtechnologyasoneofthemostimportanttoolstodeveloplearningprocess.

Becauseofthegreatdevelopmentinbuildingconstructionindustry,aswellasthecomplexityoftheprojectsdesignandforms,itisimportanttodevelopthearchitecturalengineeringeducationusingmultimediasuchas,immersivevirtualreality,videos,andsimulationtechnologies.

Virtualrealitytechnology（VR）andinteractionby3Dgeometricmodelcouldbringanendtothepassivelearningwhichisfollowedinthetraditionalmethodologyofeducation.Theyalsoleadtobeneficialcommunicationbetweenvariousparticipantsineducationprocess.

Buildingconstruction（BC）coursesofferedintheacademiccurriculaatarchitecturedepartmentsarestilltaughtusingthetraditionalways;mainly,byteachercenteredlearningway.Basically,studentsrelyonwhatteachersgiveorteachinsidetheclassroom.Thismethodologyofteachingmakesunderstandingideassoboringandlessefficientformanystudents;especiallyforstudentswhoarenotinterestedinbuildingconstructioncourses.

Withtheevolutionininformationtechnology,multimedia,andthedevelopmentinvirtualenvironmentgivetheopportunityfordevelopingtheeducationalprocessinbuildingconstructioncoursesandusingmoreeffectivewaysandmethodsofteachingotherthanthetraditionalones.Thiswillmakebuildingconstructionandstructuralideasmoreunderstandable.

Thisresearchfocusesonvirtualenvironmenttobeatoolforneweducationalapproachinarchitecturalfield;mainly,inbuildingconstructioncourses.Itaimsatevaluatingtheapplicationofvirtualrealitytechnologyinarchitecturaleducationasatechniquethatsuppliesnewteachingmethodology,especiallyinbuildingconstruction（BC）courses.Theultimategoalofthisstudyisachievedbyfulfillingthefollowingobjectives:

1.EvaluatingtheabilityofstudentstogaininformationbyusingVRtechnologycomparedwiththatofthetraditionalwayofteaching.

2.EvaluatingtheenjoymentlevelforstudentsinlearningbyusingVRtechnologycomparedwiththatofthetraditionalwayofteaching.

3.EvaluatingtheintegrationwithotherteachingcoursesbyusingVRtechnologycomparedwiththatofthetraditionalwayofteaching.

Totesttheabovementionedhypotheses;theauthorsdesignedanddeveloped（BC/VRsoftware）containsallphasesofbuildingconstructionofaselectedbuildingwithasetoffeaturesforusersshowingallphasesofbuildingconstructionsetinsequentialstepswiththeabilitytowalkthrougheachphaseinvirtualimmersiveandnon-immersiveenvironment.Eachphaseisattachedtoimportantdocumentsandvideostoexplaintheconstructionprocessineachphase.Thissoftwarecontainsallarchitecture,structural,detaileddrawingsoftheproject.

TheBC/VRsoftwarehasbeenexperimentedandusedfortestingthestudentsofbuildingconstructioncoursesJordanUniversityofScienceandTechnology（JUST）inthedepartmentofarchitectureasacasestudy.

2. Educationalthoughts

Thisresearchpresentsthearchitecturalpedagogyasathoroughunderstandingofteachingmethodsthatreflecttheadvancementofnewtechnology.

Mortimer（1999）definespedagogyas“anyconsciousactivitybypersontoenhancethelearningofanother.”Pedagogyisapersonalissue;itistheartofscienceofteachingwhichincludesprinciplestoimprovelearning.

Ingeneral,educationalscienceconsistsofmethods,Teachingtechniques,Educationalenvironment-tool,andEducationalPsychology-MultipleIntelligences.

Educationalmethodsareclassifiedto“student-oriented”and“teacher-oriented”whichincludenarratinglecture,discussion,askingquestions,Samplecase,showingsample,problemsolving.

2.1. Learner-centeredmethodology

NormanandSpohrer（1996）distinguishbetweenlearner-centeredandteacher-centeredmethods.Inthefirstmethod,studentsareactiveparticipantsinthelearningprocessratherthanpassiverecipients.Inthesecondmethod,studentsarelikeemptyvesselsneedtobefilled.Inthisapproachthereisafocusontheimportanceofstudentsinprocessingknowledgeasco-constructorsofknowledge.

3. Virtualrealityforeducation

VirtualReality（VR）technologyemergedin1980swiththedevelopingofsystemincludingHeadMountedDisplay（HMD）anddatasuitconnectedtoacomputer.Thesetechnologiesimitated3Denvironmentsurroundedbymaterializedorstereoscopicview.

Although“ThetermVRwasfirstusedin1980s”,thedevelopmentoftheVRstartedmuchearlierwithoutanysinglespecificdateforitsinvention.However,therearemajorhallmarksinitsdevelopmentduringthetimelinefrom1916untilnow.In1929AsimplemechanicalflightsimulatorwasdevelopedbyEdwardLinkforpilottrainingatastationary.In1956MortonHeiligdevelopedamultimodalexperiencedisplaysystemcalledSensoramaandwaspatentedin1960.

Inthe1970s,computergraphicsweregreatlyimprovedbySutherlandandhisstudentswhoexploredtherenderingof3Dobjects.

Thefirstinteractivearchitecturalwalkthroughsystemwasdevelopedbetween1970and1985”,attheUniversityofNorthCarolina（UNC）andthiscontinuedtoberefinedinamajorresearchprogram（Brooks,1986,1992）”.

In1984,theNASAAerospaceHumanFactorsResearchDivisioncreatedtheVirtualInterfaceEnvironmentWorkstation（VIEW）labbyScottFisher.

ManyVRcompaniessuchVPL,LEEPSystemreceivedearlyfundingtoworkwiththeVIEWlab.VPLcreatedtheDataGlovein1985andIPhonesinwhichahead-mountedstereodisplayedin1989.

Otherhead-baseddisplaysweredesignedfortheVIEWproject;forinstance,theoriginalBOOMhead-baseddisplaydesignedin1987byJimHumphries,leadengineerfortheNASAVIEWproject.

HowardRheingold1991 definesvirtualreality（VR）as“anexperienceinwhichapersonissurroundedbyathreedimensionalcomputer-generatedrepresentation,andisabletomovearoundinthevirtualworldandseeitfromdifferentangles,toreachintoit,grabit,andreshapeit.”.Bertol（1997）describesVRas“acomputer-generatedworldinvolvingoneormorehumansensesandgeneratedinreal-timebytheparticipant’sactions.”

3.1. Virtualrealitysystems

Virtualrealitysystemssupporttimeandlocationandconsistofcomputers,users,hardwareandsoftware.（Whyte）dividedVirtualrealitysystemsintotwomaincategories:

ImmersiveVirtualandNonimmersive.

3.1.1. Immersivesystems

Immersivesystemstotallysurroundtheusers,theydothisthroughspecifichardwareandneedhigh-endcomputingpower.Immersivevirtualrealitysystemsisreplacedwithheadmounteddisplayunit.

3.1.2. Non-immersivesystems

Inthissystem,theviewerssupposedlyarenottotallyimmersedusingmoregenerichardware.Itisaswindow-on-a-worldsystemsinwhichthevirtualrealitycanbeseenthroughdisplayscreen.

3.2. VRineducation

Virtuallearningenvironmentintegratesthetraditionalwayofeducationbybringingtherealworldintotheclassroom.Accordingtothedevelopmentincommunication,simulation,andthewayofpresentinginformation,VRhasbeenbroadlyusedtotrainhighriskoccupationanddisciplinessuchaspilottraining.However,VReducationalpurposesinconstructionhavebeenlimited.

Walker,1990 suggestedthatputtingusersinathreedimensionalexperiencemakesthemfeelliketheyareinsideavirtualworldratherthanjustobservingimages.So,VRtechnologyisagoodtoolforapplyinginconstructivistapproachinlearninginwhichitprovidesuserswithrealexperienceinanyeducationalenvironment.

4. Fourdimension