mongodb部署replicasets副本集实现高可用解决方案详细过程.docx
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mongodb部署replicasets副本集实现高可用解决方案详细过程
NoSQL的产生就是为了解决大数据量、高扩展性、高性能、灵活数据模型、高可用性。
但是光通过主从模式的架构远远达不到上面几点，由此MongoDB设计了副本集和分片的功能，先来用用副本集：
1，设置yum源安装
创建/etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-enterprise.repo文件，这样就可以使用yum来安装mongodb了。
[mongodb-org-3.0]
name=MongoDBRepository
baseurl=https:
//repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.0/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https:
//www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.0.asc
每一个release版本的.repo文件可以在repository找到，记住奇数镜像版本（比如e.g.2.5）是开发版本，放在生成环境是不太合适的。
2，源码安装
2.1下载安装包
在官方网站可以下载到比较新的版本，下载地址：
https:
//www.mongodb.org/dr/fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.2.3.tgz/download；
我这里下载的是稳定版本：
mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3.tgz，安装也是用的3.0.3；3.0.3的下载地址为：
2.2解压安装
tar-xvfmongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3.tgz-C/usr/local/
3启动3个mongodb服务
安装mongodbreplicasets，至少需要3台linux服务器，而初始化副本集合，本来应该是3台服务器，但是这里只是测试环境，启用了3个mongodb端口进程来来模拟3个mongodb的服务器达到一样的效果，在实际中，可以部署在多台mongodb服务器上，如下表所示：
Mongodb主机
服务器端口地址
默认角色
mongodb主机1
localhost:
27017
primary
mongodb主机2
localhost:
27018
secondary
mongodb主机3
localhost:
27019
secondary
开始启动3个mongodb服务：
#启动第一个mongodb27017，默认为primary服务器
mkdir-p/data/mongodb/log27017
mkdir-p/data/mongodb/data27017
/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongod--replSetrepset--port27017--dbpath/data/mongodb/data27017--oplogSize2048--logpath/data/mongodb/log27017/mongod.log&
#启动第二个mongodb27018
mkdir-p/data/mongodb/log27018
mkdir-p/data/mongodb/data27018
/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongod--replSetrepset--port27018--dbpath/data/mongodb/data27018--oplogSize2048--logpath/data/mongodb/log27018/mongod.log&
#启动第三个mongodb27019
mkdir-p/data/mongodb/log27019
mkdir-p/data/mongodb/data27019
/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongod--replSetrepset--port27019--dbpath/data/mongodb/data27019--oplogSize2048--logpath/data/mongodb/log27019/mongod.log&
4添加replicasets配置
在任何一台mongodb实例上登录，进入admin库，执行config命令：
>useadmin
switchedtodbadmin
>
config={_id:
"repset",members:
[
...{_id:
0,host:
"mongodb_server:
27017"},
...{_id:
1,host:
"mongodb_server:
27018"},
...{_id:
2,host:
"mongodb_server:
27019"}]
...};
>config={_id:
"repset",members:
[
......{_id:
0,host:
"mongodb_server:
27017"},
......{_id:
1,host:
"mongodb_server:
27018"},
......{_id:
2,host:
"mongodb_server:
27019"}]
......};
{
"_id":
"repset",
"members":
[
{
"_id":
0,
"host":
"mongodb_server:
27017"
},
{
"_id":
1,
"host":
"mongodb_server:
27018"
},
{
"_id":
2,
"host":
"mongodb_server:
27019"
}
]
}
>
5初始化副本集
#初始化副本集配置，使用rs.initiate（config）;命令
rs.initiate（config）;
>rs.initiate（config）;
{"ok":
1}
repset:
SECONDARY>
6查看replicasets状态
看到config配置里面的第一个默认为primary，后面的都为secondary，然后查看"optime":
Timestamp（1465641737,1），如果集合中的mongodb的optime一致，表是集群中各个mongodb数据是保持一致性的：
#随意登录一个mongodb服务
[root@oracle_master~]#/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongolocalhost:
27017
MongoDBshellversion:
3.0.3
connectingto:
localhost:
27017/test
Serverhasstartupwarnings:
2016-06-10T07:
56:
33.333-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]**WARNING:
Youarerunningthisprocessastherootuser,whichisnotrecommended.
2016-06-10T07:
56:
33.333-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]
repset:
PRIMARY>useadmin
switchedtodbadmin
repset:
PRIMARY>
#查看状态如下：
repset:
PRIMARY>rs.status（）;
{
"set":
"repset",
"date":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
54.045Z"）,
"myState":
1,
"members":
[
{
"_id":
0,
"name":
"mongodb_server:
27017",
"health":
1,
"state":
1,
"stateStr":
"PRIMARY",
"uptime":
501,
"optime":
Timestamp（1465571046,1）,
"optimeDate":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
06Z"）,
"electionTime":
Timestamp（1465571050,1）,
"electionDate":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
10Z"）,
"configVersion":
1,
"self":
true
},
{
"_id":
1,
"name":
"mongodb_server:
27018",
"health":
1,
"state":
2,
"stateStr":
"SECONDARY",
"uptime":
47,
"optime":
Timestamp（1465571046,1）,
"optimeDate":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
06Z"）,
"lastHeartbeat":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
52.493Z"）,
"lastHeartbeatRecv":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
52.612Z"）,
"pingMs":
1,
"configVersion":
1
},
{
"_id":
2,
"name":
"mongodb_server:
27019",
"health":
1,
"state":
2,
"stateStr":
"SECONDARY",
"uptime":
47,
"optime":
Timestamp（1465571046,1）,
"optimeDate":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
06Z"）,
"lastHeartbeat":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
52.642Z"）,
"lastHeartbeatRecv":
ISODate（"2016-06-10T15:
04:
52.642Z"）,
"pingMs":
0,
"lastHeartbeatMessage":
"couldnotfindmembertosyncfrom",
"configVersion":
1
}
],
"ok":
1
}
repset:
PRIMARY>
7，查看后台日志
可以看到27107的mongodb默认成为了primary，而27018和27019的成为了secondary了：
[root@oracle_master~]#tail-f/data/mongodb/log27017/mongod.log
2016-06-11T03:
42:
19.664-0700IREPL[ReplicationExecutor]replSetelectionsucceeded,assumingprimaryrole
2016-06-11T03:
42:
19.664-0700IREPL[ReplicationExecutor]transitiontoPRIMARY
2016-06-11T03:
42:
19.686-0700IREPL[ReplicationExecutor]Membermongodb_server:
27019isnowinstateSTARTUP2
2016-06-11T03:
42:
19.738-0700IREPL[rsSync]transitiontoprimarycomplete;databasewritesarenowpermitted
2016-06-11T03:
42:
22.798-0700INETWORK[initandlisten]connectionacceptedfrom192.168.136.128:
18197#6（4connectionsnowopen）
2016-06-11T03:
42:
22.812-0700INETWORK[initandlisten]connectionacceptedfrom192.168.136.128:
18198#7（5connectionsnowopen）
2016-06-11T03:
42:
22.849-0700INETWORK[conn6]endconnection192.168.136.128:
18197（4connectionsnowopen）
2016-06-11T03:
42:
22.906-0700INETWORK[conn7]endconnection192.168.136.128:
18198（3connectionsnowopen）
2016-06-11T03:
42:
23.668-0700IREPL[ReplicationExecutor]Membermongodb_server:
27018isnowinstateSECONDARY
2016-06-11T03:
42:
23.689-0700IREPL[ReplicationExecutor]Membermongodb_server:
27019isnowinstateSECONDARY
8，验证replicasets数据一致性
（1）先进去主库primary的mongodb上，录入数据：
#登录primary主库
[root@oracle_mastermongodb]#/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongolocalhost:
27017
MongoDBshellversion:
3.0.3
connectingto:
localhost:
27017/test
Serverhasstartupwarnings:
2016-06-11T03:
41:
07.938-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]**WARNING:
Youarerunningthisprocessastherootuser,whichisnotrecommended.
2016-06-11T03:
41:
07.938-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]
repset:
PRIMARY>
#录入数据
repset:
PRIMARY>useyes_db;
switchedtodbyes_db
repset:
PRIMARY>db.yes_users.insert（{"uid":
"20160611_0001"},{"uname":
"tim.man"}）;
WriteResult（{"nInserted":
1}）
repset:
PRIMARY>
（2）去第一个备库27018上，验证数据，有了yes_users表的数据，如下：
[root@oracle_mastermongodb]#/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongolocalhost:
27018
MongoDBshellversion:
3.0.3
connectingto:
localhost:
27018/test
Serverhasstartupwarnings:
2016-06-11T03:
41:
14.305-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]**WARNING:
Youarerunningthisprocessastherootuser,whichisnotrecommended.
2016-06-11T03:
41:
14.305-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]
repset:
SECONDARY>useyes_db;
switchedtodbyes_db
repset:
SECONDARY>showtables;
2016-06-11T04:
03:
02.088-0700EQUERYError:
listCollectionsfailed:
{"note":
"fromexecCommand","ok":
0,"errmsg":
"notmaster"}
atError（）
atDB._getCollectionInfosCommand（src/mongo/shell/db.js:
646:
15）
atDB.getCollectionInfos（src/mongo/shell/db.js:
658:
20）
atDB.getCollectionNames（src/mongo/shell/db.js:
669:
17）
atshellHelper.show（src/mongo/shell/utils.js:
625:
12）
atshellHelper（src/mongo/shell/utils.js:
524:
36）
at（shellhelp2）:
1:
1atsrc/mongo/shell/db.js:
646
#mongodb默认是从主节点读写数据的，副本节点上不允许读，需要设置副本节点可以读。
repset:
SECONDARY>db.getMongo（）.setSlaveOk（）;
repset:
SECONDARY>showtables;
system.indexes
yes_users
repset:
SECONDARY>db.yes_users.find（）;#看到有数据了
{"_id":
ObjectId（"575bef8126150b8de92029eb"）,"uid":
"20160611_0001"}
repset:
SECONDARY>
（3）去第二个secondary备库27019上，检查数据是否已经复制过来：
[root@oracle_mastermongodb]#/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongolocalhost:
27019
MongoDBshellversion:
3.0.3
connectingto:
localhost:
27019/test
Serverhasstartupwarnings:
2016-06-11T03:
41:
20.363-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]**WARNING:
Youarerunningthisprocessastherootuser,whichisnotrecommended.
2016-06-11T03:
41:
20.363-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]
repset:
SECONDARY>useyes_db
switchedtodbyes_db
repset:
SECONDARY>db.getMongo（）.setSlaveOk（）;#mongodb默认是从主节点读写数据的，副本节点上不允许读，需要设置副本节点可以读。
repset:
SECONDARY>db.yes_users.find（）;#看到有数据了，数据已经复制过来。
{"_id":
ObjectId（"575bef8126150b8de92029eb"）,"uid":
"20160611_0001"}
repset:
SECONDARY>
9，验证primary、secondary自动切换
9.1自动切换示意图
官方介绍：
ReplicaSetHighAvailability
Replicasetsprovidehighavailabilityusingautomaticfailover.Failoverallowsasecondarymembertobecomeprimaryifthecurrentprimarybecomesunavailable.
9.2验证自动切换操作
当primary不可用，则自动将合适的secondary成员切换成新的primary，接下来的
（1）->（5）就来验证这个：
（1）关闭27017的mongod服务，即停止primary主库：
[root@oracle_mastermongodb]#/usr/local/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.3/bin/mongolocalhost:
27017
MongoDBshellversion:
3.0.3
connectingto:
localhost:
27017/test
Serverhasstartupwarnings:
2016-06-11T03:
41:
07.938-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]**WARNING:
Youarerunningthisprocessastherootuser,whichisnotrecommended.
2016-06-11T03:
41:
07.938-0700ICONTROL[initandlisten]
repset:
PRIMARY>useadmin
switchedtodbadmin
repset:
PRIMARY>db.shutdownServer（）;
2016-06-11T04:
18:
24.148-0700INETWORKDBClientCursor:
:
initcall（）failed
servershouldbedown...
2016-06-11T04:
18:
24.151-0700INETWORKtryingreconnecttolocalhost:
27017（127.0.0.1）failed
2016-06-11T04:
18:
24.152-0700INETWORKreconnectlocalhost:
27017（127.0.0.1
升级会员 