边境贸易及结算方式研究外文文献翻译最新译文.docx

边境贸易及结算方式研究外文文献翻译最新译文.docx

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边境贸易及结算方式研究外文文献翻译最新译文

文献出处：

MarkusA.Theresearchofbordertradeandthemethodofpayment[J].AtlanticEconomicJournal,2015,12（5）:

130-139.

原文

Theresearchofbordertradeandthemethodofpayment

MarkusA

Abstract

Bordertradeforacountry'seconomy,theimportanceoftheleveloffinancialdevelopmentincreasinglyhighlight,italsoputsforwardhigherrequirementsonbordertradesettlement.Afteralongdevelopmentandevolution,acountry'sbordertradesettlementinstrengtheningeconomicandtradecooperationwiththehouseofspoilsitsneighbors,improvethelevelofbordercitizens'liveshasplayedahugerole.Atthesametime,topromotethefriendlyrelationswithadjacentcountries,stableregionandconsolidatethebordersecurityisofgreatsignificance.

Keywords:

Bordertrade;Methodofpayment;Spottrading

1Introduction

Bordertradeisintheborderareasandadjacentcountriesimplementthespecificwayofakindofspecialtrade.InternationalrulesforbordertrademainlybasedonGATT/WTOarticle24,expressedas:

bordertradereferstotheadjacenttotheborderresidentsandenterprises,within15kmawayfromtoeachsideoftheborderareaisengagedinthetradeactivity.Thisisanexceptionofmost-favored-nationtreatment.Thisregulationprovidesalegalspacedevelopbordertrade.Is,infact,thebordertradeasaformofinternationaltradeandallowgivingspecialpreferentialarrangements.I.e.,amembercountryadjacenttothenationalspecialreductionsinbordertradeorconvenienceisallowed,andthepreferentialorconvenienceasmost-favored-nationtreatment"exception"cannotapplytootherparties.Accordingtotheregionaldependencytheory,forthevastmajorityofcountriesintheworld,theborderregionhasthebestlocationtoadapttothedevelopmentofbordertrade.Aslongastheappropriateforeignbegantoputthepolicy,underthesameeconomicinvestment,tradeinborderareascangetbiggercomparedtotheinlandcentralregion'seconomicoutput.Bordertradeisoneoftheinternationaltrade,tradepatternsareuniquetoeachotherneighboringcountries,withaborderregioneconomicdevelopment,maintainforeigngood-neighborlyandfriendlyrelations,tostrengthentheeconomicandtechnicalexchanges,andbatchofneighboringstrengthennationalunityandmaintainthestablefrontierofpositivesignificance.Atthesametime,theresourcessharingandlethairbetweenneighboringcountries,foreigntrademarketandchannelopeningalsoplaysadecisiverole.

2Theresearchstatus

Grossmanisthinkingthatthetradersintheinternationaltrademorepreferencetoexporterscurrencyasthecurrencyofacountry.McKinnonbelievesexportenterprisesarefacedwithundertheconditionofuncertaindemandandthepriceofthedifficultpositionofchoosing,iftherearedifferencesbetweentheexportsofgoods,socompaniesusuallydonotintheircountry'scurrencyforthecurrencytodecidethecommodityprice.Magee（1980）arguethatthecurrencyareaisdividedintotwostrengthsorweaknessescanbefordifferentrateofinflationinthecurrencyofthecountryasthebasis,iftherateofinflationlowdevelopedcountrieswithhigherinflationindevelopingcountriesininternationaltrade,sobothpartiesareusuallyinthedevelopedcountryofthecurrencyasthecurrency.Wright（1991,1991）studyofmonetarysearchmodel,assumingthatcurrenciesandcommoditiesinseparable,monetaryequilibriumexistenceprovedbytwopeople,whocanbegeneratedbytheendogenouscurrency,withoutsupportoflegaltendercanhaveapositivevalue.Rey/Yang（2001）arguethatinternationaltradecancostbychoosingasuitabletoolforcurrencywaslower,hisresearchontheinternationaltradetransactioncostsbetweenthetwocountries,whycontactinterpretationoftheinternationaltradesuccessfully.Goldberg（2005）arguethatthecurrencyusedininternationaltradedollarsaccountformostoftheonereasonisthatsomecountrieshaveadoptedthepegtothedollarexchangeratesystem,therefore,chooseadollarisequivalenttousinglocalcurrencies.Bacheandvan（2005）arguethatahighpriceelasticityofcommodity,namelythecommodityproductionincreasingcausesrapidincreaseofmarginalcost,tradersprefertouseinthetradingcurrencyasthecurrencyofconsumerpreferences.Annette（2006）arguesthattheeurozone'sharmoniousandunifiedmonetarypolicyistheeurointheareabetweencountriestradealotasthecauseofthecurrency.Goldberg（2009）thinkthatafterfurtherresearch,ifthemainconsiderationtosavetransactioncost,transaction,thelargescaletradersmoreimporterswilllayparticularstressonthecountry'scurrencyasthecurrency,importandexportbusinessformanytimesthebargainingdeterminesthechoiceofcurrency,asaresult,mostdeals,chosetheimporterscountry'scurrencytopricing.Oleg（2009）arguethatchoosewhatkindofcurrencyaspricedgoods,includingcommoditydemand,cost,competitivepriceandexchangerate,theinfluenceofsuchfactorsasthesefactorscanbeconsideredtoinfluencetheselectionofwhatkindofcurrencytransactioncosts.Thesestudiesmainlyfocusonthechoiceofcurrencyininternationaltrade,etc.,forthepurposeofthisarticlediscussionofbordertradesettlementwayhasthecertaintheoryreferencevalue.

3Thebordertradesettlementway

3.1Internationaltradesettlementway

Internationaltradesettlementwayistopointtobyacertainmethodforinternationaltradesettlementway,itisthemaincontentininternationaltradesettlement.Bordertradesettlementisoneoftheinternationalsettlements;itreferstothetwocountries,becauseofgoodstrade,capitaltransferandthesupplyoflaborserviceandothereconomicexchangescausedbytheflowofcurrencycashflowbetweenthetwocountries.Thatistosay,intherealizationofbordertradebetweenthetwocountriescurrencypayment,settlementofthebordercreditor-debtorrelationshipbroughtaboutbytheeconomictiesbetweenthetwocountriesistheprocessofbordertradesettlement.Atacertainmethodtorealizethebordertradesettlementwayiscalledthebordertradesettlementway.

3.2Barterclearingandcurrencysettlement

Bordertradesettlementmodecanbedividedintobartersettlementandcurrencysettlement.Whichcurrencysettlementaccordingtowhetherthereisathirdparty（usuallyreferstoabank）interventioncanbedividedintocashsettlementandsettlementwithinthebankingsystem.Bartersettlementisinvolvedinthedealbetweenthebuyerandtheseller'stradeformforgoodstradeandattheendofeachyearaccordingtotheagreementbythepartiesnegotiatedsettlementcurrencyorotherwaystoimplementtradesettlement.Intheprocessofbarterandsettlementwaywithouttheparticipationofthethirdparty,alsodoesnotinvolvecashreceiptsandpaymentbetweenbuyersandsellers.Barteroriginatedfromanancientexchangepattern,namelythroughexchangesurplusproductsinbazaar,andhelptogettheirrespectiveproducts,donotneedmoneytoparticipateinthisprocess.Cashsettlementiscommoninfrontiertrade,itscharacteristicistoclinchadealamountissmall,currencyforsettlementoftencarry.Thebankingsysteminthemethodofpaymentmainlyincludesremittance,collectionandL/Csettlement,etc.

3.3Remittanceandsettlementandmailtransferandsettlement

Inbordertradesettlement,remittanceandsettlementwayusuallyoperatedaccordingtothefollowingprocess:

first,beforethetransaction,bothpartiessignacontract,thecontracttodeterminethesettlementtime,etc.Secondly,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthecontracttimebybordertradeimporterswillbepaymentofthetransactionstothemediumofcommercialBanksdirectlyremittoexporters,sothiswayisalsoreferredtoas"thebuyerdirectpayments’,t,andbelongtotheremittanceandsettlement.So-calledtelegraphictransferistheremittingbankshouldbetheremitterapplication,dispatchedtelex,telexofremittancesolutionoftherecipientcountriespayacertainsumtotheremitterawayofremittance.Telegraphictransferinnhastheadvantageoftherapid,andthereforethemostpopularwiththepayee,butatthesametimeasBankscannotreceivetieuplikemailtransferthebenefitsofcustomercapital,sothebankfeesishigher.

3.4CollectionandsettlementofaccountsandtheL/Csettlement

Collectionisreferstothecreditor（shall）accordingtotheinvoiceamountbybankdraftissuedtothedebtor（imports）paymentofapaymentmethod.Collectionandsettlementintheuseofbordertradenormallyneedmediation,theborderareasofcommercialBanks,thereforeisknownasthebankcollection.Thewholeprocessofbankcollectionis:

tradeexportersexportshipmentfirst,aftergettheshippingdocuments,willbesubjecttotheamountontheinvoicetoletoutoftheorder,paymentfortradeimporters.Then,togetherwiththeshippingdocumentsturnedovertotheexporterofthecollectiontotheBanks,entrustedcollectioninimportagentorbusinessline,namely,thecollectingbank,importerswilltradetorecover.Collectionincludestwokindsofconcreteforms,respectively,documentarycollectionandlightcollection,classificationisbasedonthedraftisnotconsistent,bothusetheformerneedfreightattachedtolowaccordingtointheoperation,whilethelatterisnotrequired.L/Csettlementmodeisalsoknownasthebankofthel/csettlementmode,referstotheimporter'sapplicationbythebank,openedtoutilizingtherulesandacertainamountofacertainperiodoftimethepromiseofpaymentvouchers,istousecredit,bankcreditenhancementcustomers-exporterstosecuretransactionsmoo