Followup Study of Physical Education Impact on Chinese College Students Physique.docx

Followup Study of Physical Education Impact on Chinese College Students Physique.docx

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FollowupStudyofPhysicalEducationImpactonChineseCollegeStudentsPhysique

Follow-upStudyofPhysicalEducationImpactonChineseCollegeStudents'Physique

JinChengji,XieChao2

（College of Physical Education,LiaoNingNormalUniversity,DaLian,China116029）

Abstract:

ThepurposeofthisstudyistheimpactofphysicaleducationonChinesecollegestudents'physique.Theexamineeswerehealthyboys67andgirls154inLiaoningNormalUniversity.Theresultsofstudy:

（1）Thestudyshowedthatnosignificanteffectofphysicaleducationimpactonstudents’verticaljumpabilityandboys’gripstrength.Physicalfitnesslessonplayedaroleinimprovinggirls’gripstrength.Physicaleducationelectivecourseplayedaroleinimprovinggirls’upper limb strength.Theboys’push-upsscoreshavelittlechangedinthefirsttwoyearsofcollege.So,wecanspeculatethatthe"physicalfitnesscourses"havenoeffectonshouldermusclestrengthandmuscleendurance.Physicaleducationelectivecourseplayapositiveroleinimprovesthejuniorpush-upsscores.Thegirls’sit-upsscoresthatreflectabdominalmuscleforceandabdominalendurancehasbeendecliningyearbyyear.

（2）Theboys'seatbodyanteflexionscoresthatreflectbodyflexibilitydidnotimproveinthefirsttwoyearsofcollege,andhavebeendecliningaftersophomore.Girls’seatbodyanteflexionscoreswerenosignificantdifferenceintheircollegetime.Studyshowsthatphysicalfitnesslessonsandphysicaleducationelectivecourseshavenoeffectonstudents’flexibility.（3）Theboys’stepindexesweresuddenlyincreasedinthesophomoreyear,andthendecreasedyearbyyear.Thestudyillustratesthatphysicalfitnesslessoninfreshmanplayedaimportantroleinimprovingcardiovascularfunction.Incontrast,physicaleducationelectivecourseswhichstartedinsophomorehadlittleimpactontheboyscardiovascularsystemfunction.Girlsstepindexgraduallyincreasedinthefirstthreeyears,anddecreasedinthesenioryear.Studieshaveshownthatphysicalfitnesslessonandphysicaleducationelectivecourseswereplayedapositiveroleinimprovingthefunctionofthegirls’cardiovascularsystem.（4）Physicalfitnesslessonsandphysicaleducationelectivecourseshavelimiteffectonstudents’physique.Therefore,thestudyrecommendedthatshouldbetargetedinthephysicaleducationcontentandmethod.

Keywords:

Physicaleducation;China;Collegestudents;Physique.

1.Introduction

CollegestudentsarethepillarsoftheChina’smodernization,andtheyarethemainforcetocompletethegreatnationalrejuvenation.ThephysicalhealthofcollegestudentsnotonlyaffecttheirlearningduringthelifeoftheUniversity,butalsoaffecttheirworkandlifeinthefuture.Physicaleducationisanimportantpartofthecomprehensivedevelopmentofeducation,andoneofthebasicobjectivesofschooleducationistoenhancethephysiqueofstudentsinschools.Thebasicfunctionoftheschoolphysicaleducationistoenhancethephysiqueofstudents.UniversityphysicaleducationisthemostimportantpartintheUniversitySchoolSports.Physicaleducationshouldplayanimportantroletoimprovethestudents'physique.Students’endurance,speed,explosiveness,strengthqualityhasdeclinedinthe2010NationalPhysiqueMonitoring,situationisworrisome.Physiqueasanimportantpartofthebodymassisadirectimpactonthequalityofbodymass.WerandomlyselectedLiaoningNormalUniversityfreshmantoseniorstudentsconductedafollow-upstudy,Inordertoobservetheimpactofphysicaleducationonstudents'physique.Wehopethatthisstudywillproviderecommendationsforthe"SunshineProjectofPhysicalEducation"andthereformofcollegephysicaleducation.

2.Objectsandmethodsofthestudy

2.1Testeesofthestudy

ThestudyrandomlyselectedfromtheLiaoningNormalUniversity,2004and2005students,including67boysand154girls.Weobservedtestees of studyfreshmantoseniorphysiquewithfollow-upstudy.The basic situationsofobjects of studyareshownintable1:

Table1:

The basic situationsofobjects 

Sex

n

Age

Bodyheight（cm）

Bodyweight（kg）

Male

67

19.6

172.86±5.99

66.46±12.44

Female

154

19.2

161.52±5.27

55.02±7.56

2.2Methodsofthestudy

2.2.1Testapplicationtimeandindexes

Testapplicationtime:

TesttimeinOctoberofeachyear.

Testindexes:

Verticaljump（cm）.Gripstrength（kg）.Sit-ups（Female）.Push-up（Male）.Seatbodyanteflexion（cm）.Step-test.

Step-testindex=[180（exerciseduration）/2×（thepulseof30secondsafter3minutesexercise）]×100

BenchHeight:

Man（30cm）.Female（25cm）.Exercisedurationisthreeminutes.

2.2.2Appliedfactors

Thestudents’physicaleducationofLiaoningNormalUniversityisinthefreshmanandsophomore.Universityofphysicaleducationcourse,openedinthefreshmancoursesteachingcontenttoimprovestudents'physicalfitness.（Physicalqualitylesson）.Physicaleducationelectivecourses,studentsselecttheprojectopenedinthesophomore.（Physicaleducationelectivecourses）.Therefore,factorsappliedtothestudentsinthefreshmantothesenioraredifferent.Thefreshmantestdataarethebasicdata.Thesophomoretestdataare“PhysicalQualitylesson”afterthefreshmantestdata.Thejuniortestdataare“Physicaleducationelectivecourses”afterthesophomoretestdata.

2.2.3MathematicalStatistics

Thedifferencesbetweeneachindexgradetestingusinganon-parametrictestmethodofmultiplesamples.UsingtheFriedmantestpairedcomparisonsbetweeneachgrade[2].ThestudyusedSPSS20.0forstatisticalanalysis.

3.Resultsandanalysisofthestudy

3.1Physicaleducationimpactonstrengthquality

3.1.1Physicaleducationimpactoncollegestudents’lowerlimbexplosiveforce

Verticaljumpreflectstheabilityoflowerlimbmusclecontractionwhenthetestee’sverticallyupwardjump[6].Statisticalresultsofphysicaleducationimpactoncollegestudents’lowerlimbexplosiveforceareshownintable2.

Table2:

Samplenon-parametrictesttableofverticaljumpscores

Sex

Grade

n

M±SD（cm）

df

chi-square

P

Male

Freshman

67

40.43±7.81

3

3.27

>0.05

Sophomore

67

41.50±7.18

Junior

67

43.20±10.62

Senior

67

41.14±6.31

Female

Freshman

154

24.43±5.27

3

7.22

>0.05

Sophomore

154

24.93±5.32

Junior

154

24.62±4.62

Senior

154

24.30±4.78

Table2showsthattheverticaljumpscoresofboyswere:

40.43cm,41.50cm,43.20cm,41.14cm,verticaljumpscoreschangeisnotobviousinthefouryears.Afteranon-parametrictests,annualverticaljumpscoreswerenosignificantdifferences（p>0.05）.

Theverticaljumpscoresofgirlswere:

24.43cm,24.93cm,24.62cm,24.30cm,verticaljumpscoreschangeisnotobviousinthefouryears.Afteranon-parametrictests,annualverticaljumpscoreswerenosignificantdifferences（p>0.05）.

Theresultsshowthatbothboysandgirls,verticaljumpscoresbetweeneachyearwerenosignificantdifference.Thestudyshowedthatnosignificanteffectinthefreshmanandsophomorephysicaleducationtoimprovestudents’lowerlimbexplosiveforce.Therefore,weshouldincreasecoursesaboutstudents’lowerlimbexplosiveforceinphysicaleducation.

3.1.2Physicaleducationimpactoncollegestudents’upper limb strength

Gripstrengthiscommonlyusedindicatorstomeasuretheupper limb strength.Gripstrengthprimarilyreflectedthetestees’gripabilityoftheirforearmsandhands[3].Statisticalresultsofphysicaleducationimpactoncollegestudents’upper limb strengthareshownintable3andtable4:

Table3:

Samplenon-parametrictesttableofgripstrength

Sex

Grade

n

M±SD（kg）

df

chi-square

P

Male

Freshman

67

44.91±6.62

3

5.97

>0.05

Sophomore

67

45.70±6.99

Junior

67

44.36±6.64

Senior

67

45.72±6.36

Female

Freshman

154

26.82±4.27

3

19.01

<0.01

Sophomore

154

28.00±4.54

Junior

154

27.33±3.92

Senior

154

28.24±4.66

Table4:

Thestandardtestvalueofgirls’gripstrength

Grade

Sophomore

Junior

Senior

Freshman

-3.31**

-1.85

-4.02**

Sophomore

—

1.46

-0.71

Junior

—

—

-2.16

**：

P<0.01

Table3andtable4showsthatthegripstrengthscoresofboyswere:

44.91kg,45.70kg,44.36kg,and45.72kg.Gripstrengthchangeisnotobviousinthefouryears.Afteranon-parametrictests,annualgripstrengthscoreswerenosignificantdifferences（p>0.05）.

Thegripstrengthscoresofgirlswere:

26.82kg,28.00kg,27.33kg,and28.24kg.Gripstrengthscoresweregraduallystabilizedafterthesecondyear.There was verysignificant difference（p<0.01）betweeneachyear.Comparisonresults:

There was verysignificant difference（p<0.01）betweenfreshmanandsophomore.There was verysignificant difference（p<0.01）betweenfreshmanandsenior.Inadditiontoabovecontents,annualgripstrengthscoreswerenosignificantdifferences（p>0.05）.

Thegripstrengthoftheboysdidnotchangesignificantlyinthefouryears.Researchshowsthatphysicaleducationatthefreshmanandsophomoreisnoobviouseffectongripstrengthoftheboys.So,weshouldbeappropriatetoincreasetheteachingcontentofimprovingupperlimbmusclestrengthinphysicaleducation.Thegripstrengthofgirlswasimprovedafterthesecondyear.Freshmanstudieshaveshownthat“physicalfitnesscourses”tostrengthentheupperbodystrengthofthegirls.Physicaleducationelectivecoursescanmaintainupperbodystrengthofthegirls.

3.1.3Physicaleducationimpactonboys’strengthofshoulderandarmmuscles

Push-upsmainlyreflectthestrengthandmuscularenduranceofthetestee’sshoulderandarmmuscles[3].Statisticalresultsofphysicaleducationimpactonboys’push-upsscoresa