019届高三月考英语试题附答案.docx

019届高三月考英语试题附答案.docx

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019届高三月考英语试题附答案

兰州一中2018-2019-1学期高三年级9月月考考试题

高三英语

说明：

试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分120分，考试时间100分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第I卷（选择题）

第一部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节：

（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

We’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:

hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers,orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue（waitingyourturn）withthemoralsofthemarket（payingapriceforfasterservice）.

Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian（平等主义的）appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.

Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.

Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:

“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.

Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.

Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctorsoffices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,

firstserved”?

A.Takingbuses.B.Buyinghouses.

C.Flyingwithanairline.D.Visitingamusementparks.

2.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates

A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB.theadvantageofmoderntechnology

C.theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD.thefairnessoftelephonicservices

3.Thepassageismeantto__________________________.

A.justifypayingforfasterservicesB.discussthemoralsofallocatingthings

C.analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping

B

Nooneknowsforsurewhenadvertisingfirststarted.Itispossiblethatitgrewoutofthediscoverythatsomepeopledidcertainkindsofworkbetterthanothersdidthem.Thatledtotheconceptofspecialization,whichmeansthatpeoplewouldspecialize,orfocusondoingonespecificjob.

Let’stakeamanwe’llcallMr.Fielder,forexample.Hedideverythingconnectedwithfarming.Heplantedseeds,tendedthefields,andharvestedandsoldhiscrops.Atthesametime,hedidmanyotherjobsonthefarm.However,hedidn’tmakethebricksforhishouse,cuthistreesintoboards,maketheplows（犁）,oranyofotherhundredsofthingsafarmneeds.Instead,hegotthemfrompeoplewhospecializedindoingeachofthosethings.

SupposetherewasanothermanweshallcallMr.Plowright.Usingwhatheknewaboutfarmingandworkingwithiron,Mr.Plowrightinventedaplowthatmadefarmingeasier.Mr.Plowrightdidnotreallylikefarminghimselfandwantedtospecializeinmakingreallygoodplows.Perhaps,hethought,otherfarmerswilltradewhattheygrowforoneofmyplows.

HowdidMr.Plowrightletpeopleknowwhathewasdoing?

Why,headvertised,ofcourse.Firstheopenedashopandthenheputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thatsignmayhavebeennomorethanaplowcarvedintoapieceofwoodandasimplearrowpointingtotheshopdoor.ItwasprobablyalltheinformationpeopleneededtofindMr.Plowrightandhisreallygoodplows.

Manyhistoriansbelievethatthefirstoutdoorsignswereusedaboutfivethousandyearsago.Evenbeforemostpeoplecouldread,theyunderstoodsuchsigns.Shopkeeperswouldcarveintostone,clay,orwoodsymbolsfortheproductstheyhadforsale.

Amedium,inadvertisingtalk,isthewayyoucommunicateyourmessage.Youmightsaythatthefirstmediumusedinadvertisingwassignswithsymbols.Thesecondmediumwasaudio,orsound,althoughthattermisnotusedexactlyinthewayweuseittoday.Originally,justthehumanvoiceandmaybesomekindofsimpleinstrument,suchasabell,wereusedtogetpeople’sattention.

Acrier,inthehistoricalsense,isnotsomeonewhoweepseasily.Itissomeone,probablyaman,withavoiceloudenoughtobeheardovertheothernoisesofacity.InancientEgypt,shopkeepersmighthiresuchapersontospreadthenewsabouttheirproducts.Oftenthisearliestformofadvertisinginvolvedanewlyarrivedshiploadedwithgoods.Perhapsthecrierdescribedthegoods,explainedwheretheycamefrom,andpraisedtheirquality.Hisjobwas,inotherwords,nottoodifferentfromaTVorradiocommercialintoday’sworld.

4.Whatprobablyledtothestartofadvertisement?

A.Thediscoveryofiron.B.Thespecializationoflabor.

C.Theappearanceofnewjobs.D.Thedevelopmentoffarmingtechniques.

5.Toadvertisehisplows,Mr.Plowright__________.

A.praisedhisplowsinpublicB.placedasignoutsidetheshop

C.hunganarrowpointingtotheshopD.showedhisproductstothecustomers

6.ThewritermakesupthetwostoriesofMr.FielderandMr.Plowrightinorderto__________.

A.explaintheoriginofadvertisingB.predictthefutureofadvertising

C.exposeproblemsinadvertisingD.providesuggestionsforadvertising

7.InancientEgypt,acrierwasprobablysomeonewho__________.

A.ownedashipB.hadtheloudestvoice

C.ranashopsellinggoodstofarmersD.functionedliketoday’sTVorradiocommercial

8.Thelasttwoparagraphsaremainlyabout__________.

A.thehistoryofadvertisingB.thebenefitsofadvertising

C.theearlyformsofadvertisingD.thebasicdesignofadvertising

C

GeneticallyModified（GM）foodisunfortunatelybecomingmorepopularamongfarmersandfoodprocessors.Cropsarebeinggeneticallymodifiedtoresistinsects,plantdiseases,insecticides（杀虫剂）.Plantsarealsomodifiedtolookbiggerandbetter.Unfortunatelytheendgoalisn’tprovidingnutritionforpeople,it’stoincreaseprofitmarginsandtomakefoodlookbetter.Infactmanymodernfruitsandvegetablesaretwicethesizeofwhattheyusedtobewhilehavingfarlessvitamins,andnottastinggoodeither.Nowresearchisshowingthatgeneticallymodifiedfoodmightevenbebadforyou.

GMorganismsareorganismsthathavegenesinsertedintotheirDNAinordertooffercertaincharacteristics.Inthiswayyoucanmakeitbetter,ormakeitlastlonger.

JeffreyM.SmithhaspublishedastudyaboutthedangersofGMfood.ItwasdiscoveredthatwhenGMsoywasfedtofemaleratstheyfoundthatalltheiryoungdiedwithin3weekscomparedtoanatural10%deathrate.Theiryoungwerealsobornsmallerandtheylaterhadproblemsbecomingpregnant.Astudyofpigsfoundthattheyalsobecameinfertile（不育）aftereatingGMcorn.

ManypeopleareeatingGMfoodwithoutevenrealizingit.Thesolutiontothisproblemissimple.Humanbeingsexistedintheircurrentformforhundredsofthousandsofyears.Formostofthattimeweateadietconsistingofmeat,fruit,vegetable,fish,eggsandnuts.Thisisouroptimaldietwhichleadsustoliveahealthyandlonglife.Butoverthelast30yearsNorthAmericahasexperienceddiabetes,cancerandheartdisease.AllduetothemisinformationprovidedbygroupswhoworkonbehalfofthemanufacturersofGMfood.Thewaytoavoidobesity,heartdiseaseandcancerisbyeatinglikeourstone-ageancestors.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatultimatelyinspiredthepopularityofGMcrops?

A.Richnutrition.B.Uniquetaste.C.Highprofits.D.Energysaving

10.Whathadwebetterdoifwewanttostayhealthyaccordingtothetext?

A.Eatmorefruit.B.Bevegetarians.C.Eatmoregrains.D.Keeptraditionaldiet.

11.Thetextisorganizedintheformof________.

A.timeandeventsB.causeandeffect

C.reasoningandargumentD.contrastandcomparison

12.Wecaninferthatthelobbygroups（inParagraph4）arepeoplewhoare______.

A.scientistswhogiveoutfalseinformationbecauseofcarelessness

B.doctorswhotrytoprofitfrompatientswhosufferfromunhealthyfood

C.workerswhotrytocheatcustomersforthebenefitsoffoodproducers

D.agriculturaltechnicianswhoareresponsibleforpromotingnewproduct

D

Theymaybeteenagers,but17-year-oldBrittanyBulland16-year-oldSesamMngqengqiswahavegrandambitions—tolaunchAfrica’sfirstprivatesatelliteintospace.TheyarepartofateamofhighschoolgirlsfromCapeTown,SouthAfrica,whohavedesignedandbuiltequipmentforasatellitethatwillorbitovertheearth’spolesscanningAfrica’ssurface.

Onceinspace,thesatellitewillcollectinformationonagri