四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解.docx

四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解.docx

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四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解

四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解

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1）Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversy:

whetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornWith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.

WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingodd:

amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.

Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage（ASL）wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish（混杂英语）.ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:

Mightdeafpeopleactually:

haveagenuinelanguage?

AndcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarth?

Itwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy（异端邪说）.

Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation（调节）ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.”

21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe_____C___.

A）anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguage

B）achallengetotraditional,viewsonthenatureoflanguage

C）anapproach:

tosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguage

D）anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage（C）

22.The,presentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby___C_____.

A）afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrain

B）aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalarts

C）anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf

D）someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage（C）

23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis_____B___.

A）aSubstandardlanguage

B）agenuinelanguage

C）anartificiallanguage

D）aninternationallanguage（B）

24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought_____D___.

A）signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeople

B）signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyaccepted

C）alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstand

D）alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds（D）

25.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat____D____.

A）signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguage

B）signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguage

C）languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodes

D）languageisaproductofthebrain（D）

2）Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustloffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,”saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGtinterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:

“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest（ofGermany）andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:

“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorldWar,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’yenowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

31.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustloffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

（B）

A）ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes.

B）Itcausedthelargestnumberofcasualties.

C）Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath.

D）Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren.

32.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen___（A）_____.

A）thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B）astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C）thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D）thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

33.TheWilhelmGustlofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans_____（D）___.

A）wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B）hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C）wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D）feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

34.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustlofftragedy?

（D）

A）Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail.

B）BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche.

C）Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack.

D）Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman.

35.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinkthat____（C）____.

A）theWilhelmGustlofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenation’spastmisdeeds

B）GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C）theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustlofftragedy

D）it-iswrongtoequatetheirsufferingswiththoseofothercountries

）TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.『Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.』①Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,gentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

　　Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.

　　OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,closeups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

　　Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.『Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:

thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.』②Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

　　Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

　　1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.

　　A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

　　B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

　　C.theattractionoffootball

　　D.theattractionofbaseball

　　2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.

　　A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

　　B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

　　C.itisnotexcitingenough

　　D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

　　3.Theauthoradmitsthat.

　　A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

　　B.baseba