大学英语语法及练习.docx
《大学英语语法及练习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语语法及练习.docx(120页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
大学英语语法及练习
Lastupdatedat10:
00amon25thDecember2020
大学英语语法及练习
大学英语语法及练习
第一讲虚拟语气
I.考点分析:
分四级语法复习
虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。
虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。
考查历届四级试题,我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题。
虚拟语气的考查要点有:
1.虚拟语气的形式:
分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要,因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比,以便于同学们记忆掌握。
动词形式
类型
虚拟时间
从句动词
主句动词
if条件句
现在
过去式
would/should/might/could+动词原形
过去
had+过去分词
would/should/might/could+
have+过去分词
将来
should/wereto/
过去式
would/should/might/could+
动词原形
wish引导的宾从
现在
过去式
过去
had+过去分词/
couldhavedone
将来
would/could/
might+动词原形
asif/though方式状语从句
同wish
其它动词引导的宾从
(should)+动词原形
主语从句
(should)+动词原形
表语从句
(should)+动词原形
同位语从句
(should)+动词原形
ifonly
同if条件句
lest,forfearthat,incase
should+动词原形
wouldrather
/soonerthat
现在/将来
过去式
过去
had+过去分词
Itishigh/abouttimethat
过去式
2.要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。
例如:
IfIwereinvited,Iwouldcome.
Ifshewerenotill,shecoulddoalotofthings.
3.if条件句中如谓语动词是were,had,should,could时,可以省略if,把它们前置。
例如:
Hadmyfatheralotofmoney,hewouldsendmeabroad.
CouldIdoit,Iwouldsurelydoit.
ShouldtheBlackDeathreappear,whatshouldwedo?
(万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办)
4.错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题:
IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,youwouldn’tbesmilingnow.(从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时)
又如:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothefilmlastnight.(从句虚拟现在,主句虚拟过去);Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟将来);
Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.(从句虚拟过去,主句虚拟现在)
5.虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句,如:
Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore,butIhavebeenill.(=IfIhadnotbeenill,Iwouldhavewrittenthepaperbefore.);
Atruefriendwouldhaveacteddifferently.(=Afriend,ifhehadbeentrue,wouldhaveacteddifferently.)
6.注意介词短语without,butfor,intheabsence等表示虚拟条件。
例如:
Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.没有电就不会有现代工业。
Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.没有你们的帮助,我们的实验时不可能成功的。
7.“Wereitnotfor/Haditnotbeenfor+宾语”或“Butthat+从句”表示假设条件。
例如:
Wereitnotfortheirassistance,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.
Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we’dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.
Butthathesawit(=Ifhehadnotseenit),hecouldnothavebelievedit.
providing(that),onconditionthat,suppose,supposing引导的条件从句中,根据语意,可以用虚拟语气,有可以用陈述语气。
9.常见的引导宾语从句须用虚拟语气的动词有:
advice,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,direct(命令)insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,resolve,suggest,urge,move(提议,动议)等;例如:
TheUnitedNationsurgedthathe(should)withdrawhistroops.(联合国敦促他撤军。
)
10.常见的引导同位语从句或表语从句须用虚拟语气的名词有:
advice,command,desire,determination,idea,motion,order,preference,recommendation,suggestion,insistence,proposals,request,requirement等;
例如:
Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.(用于同位语从句)
邀请他的建议被否决了。
Theirdemandisthattheirwagesbeincreasedby20%.(用于表语从句)
他们的要求是工资增加20%。
11.用在主语从句中时其结构通常为“Itis/was+形容词或过去分词+主语从句(用虚拟语气)”,例如:
Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthediscussion.你有必要参加讨论。
Itwasorderedthatthemedicinesbesentherebyplane.根据命令,那些药品必须空运到这儿。
常见的这类形容词、分词还有:
advisable(合理的),anxious(急切的),appropriate(合适的),compulsory(强制的),crucial(紧要关头的),desirable(理想的),eager,essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),impossible(不可能的),improper(不合适的),natural(自然的),obligatory(必须履行的),preferable(更好的),proper(合适的),strange(奇怪的)urgent(紧迫的),vital(至关重要的),demanded(要求的),required(要求的),suggested(建议的),desired(希望的)等。
II.历届四级试题中的虚拟语气:
1.Thattreelookedasifit______foralongtime.(93/1/52)
A)hasn’twateredB)didn’twaterC)hadn’tbeenwateredD)wasn’twatered
2.It’snecessary______thedictionaryimmediately.(93/1/68)
A)thathewillreturnB)thathereturnedC)thathereturnD)thathehastoreturn
3.Wedesirethatthetourleader______usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.(93/6/48)
A)informB)informsC)informedD)hasinformed
4.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
IfonlyI______youradvice.(93/6/70)
A)followB)hadfollowedC)wouldfollowD)havefollowed
managerofthehotelrequeststhattheirguests______after11:
00.(94/1/65)
A)nottoplayloudmusicB)shouldn’tplayloudmusic
C)don’tplayloudmusicD)couldn’tplaymusic
myillnessIwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.(95/1/47)
A)NotbeingforB)HaditnotbeenC)WithoutbeingD)Nothavingbeen
befrank,I’dratheryou______inthecase.(95/1/61)
A)willnotbeinvolvedB)notinvolvedC)nottobeinvolvedD)werenotinvolved
isrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.(95/6/44)
A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted
wishI_____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.(95/6/45)
A)couldhavesleptB)sleptC)notbestartedD)haveslept
doesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_____ajobsheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.(96/1/44)
A)hastogetB)weretogetC)hadgotD)couldhavegot
11.Itispolitelyrequestedbythetotalmanagementthatradio______after11o’clockat(96/1/28)
A)werenotplayedB)nottoplayC)notbeplayedD)didnotplay
12.______rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.(96/6/42)
A)WouldsheleaveB)IfsheleavesC)WereshetoleaveD)Ifshehadleft
13.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime______(96/6/43)
A)weweregoinghomeB)wegohomeC)wewenthomeD)wecangohome
14.______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinner(97/1/34)
A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive
15.Hadheworkedharder,he______theexams.(97/6/42)
A)musthavegotthroughB)wouldhavegotthrough
C)wouldgetthroughD)couldgetthrough
16.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTim______tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(97/6/55)
A)isassignedB)willbeassignedC)beassignedD)hasbeenassigned
17.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe______himself.(98/1/38)
A)injureB)hadinjuredC)injuredD)wouldinjure
18.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry,Iwouldratheryou______onbusinessfirst.(98/1/59)
A)wouldgoB)willgoC)wentD)havegone
19.I’dratheryou______makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.(98/6/48)
A)don’tB)wouldn’tC)didn’tD)shouldn’t
20.Wewereallforyourproposalthatthediscussion______.(98/6/68)
A)beputoffB)wasputoffC)shouldputoffD)istoputoff
21.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou______thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.(99/1/57)
A)realizedB)haverealizedC)realizeD)shouldrealize
22.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_______now.(99/1/60)
A)wouldn’tbesmilingB)couldn’thavesmiledC)won’tsmileD)didn’tsmile
23.Franklyspeaking,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.(99/1/66)
A)didn’tdoB)haven’tdoneC)don’tdoD)havedone
24.Ifthewholeoperation______beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.(99/6/43)
A)wasnotplannedB)hasnotbeenC)werenotplannedD)hadnotbeenplanned
25.AsCommander-in-Chiefonthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures______forourdefense.(99/6/62)
A)betakenB)wouldbetakenC)tobetakenD)hadbeentaken
26.Wouldn’tyouratheryourchild______tobedearly(00/1/49)
A)wentB)goesC)goD)wouldgo
27.Mike’suncleinsists______inthishotel.(00/1/52)
A)thathenotstayB)stayingnotC)thathewouldnotstayD)nottostay
28.SometimesIwishI_____inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.(00/1/58)
A)werelivingB)wouldliveC)wouldhavelivedD)beliving
29.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms______backasearlyaspossible.(00/1/64)
A)mustbesentB)willbesentC)besentD)aresent
30.Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.(00/6/32)
A)wouldpresentB)presentC)presentsD)oughttopresent
31.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.(00/6/48)
A)hadnotworkedB)nottoworkC)doesnotworkD)didnotwork
32.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionist______thatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.(01/1/41)
A)makesureB)hasmadesureC)madesureD)mustmakesure
millionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.(01/6/53)
A)hadlostB)wouldloseC)wouldhavelostD)shouldhavelost
34.Jackwishesthathe______businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.(01/6/50)
A)hadstudiedB)studyC)studiedD)hadbeenstudying
35.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson______underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.(02/1/57)
A)beB)wasC)isD)were
36.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee______toinvestigatetheincident.(02/1/58)
A)wassetupB)weresetupC)setupD)besetup
37.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother______onrighttokeepthebaby.(02/1/59)
A)hadinsistedB)hasbeeninsistingC)insistedD)wouldinsist
III.答案及详解:
1.C)题意:
那棵树看上去好象很久没浇水了。
解析:
asif引导的方式状语从句,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时,故选C。
2.C)题意:
他立刻归还字典是很有必要的。
解析:
“itis/was+形容词+主语从句”中的虚拟语气的动词形式用省略should的动词形式,故选C。