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避碰规那么全文中英
RegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea.1972
PARTA──GENERAL
Rule1
Application
(a)TheseRulesshalltoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessels.
(b)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofspecialrulesmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads,harbours,rivers,lakesorinlandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasandnavigablebysea-goingvessels.SuchspecialrulesshallconformascloselyaspossibletotheseRules.
(c)NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheGovernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallights,shapesorwhistlesignalsforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy,orwithrespecttoadditionalstationorshapesforfishingvesselsengagedinfishingasafleet.Theseadditionalstationorsignallights,shapesorwhistlesignalsshall,sofaraspossible,besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylight,shapeorsignalauthorizedelsewhereundertheseRules.
(d)TrafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheOrganizationforthepurposeoftheseRules.
(e)WhenevertheGovernmentconcernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesselofspecialconstructionorpurposecannotcomplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuleswithrespecttothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,suchvesselshallcomplywithsuchotherprovisionsinregardtothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signalingappliances,asherGovernmentshallhavedeterminedtobetheclosestpossiblecompliancewiththeseRulesinrespectofthatvessel.
第一条适用范围
1.本规那么适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶.
2.本规那么不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、港口、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特殊规定的实施。
这种特殊规定,应尽可能符合本规那么。
3.本规那么不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制订的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,或为结对从事打鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号,应尽可能不致被误以为本规那么其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。
4.为实施本规那么,本组织能够采纳分道通航制。
5.凡经有关政府确信,某种特殊构造或用途的船舶,如不能完全遵守本规那么任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度和声号设备的配置和特性的规按时,那么应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度和声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确信的尽可能符合本规那么要求的规定。
Rule2
Responsibility
(a)NothingintheseRulesshallexonerateanyvessel,ortheowner,masterorcrewthereof,fromtheconsequencesofanyneglecttocomplywiththeseRulesoroftheneglectofanyprecautionwhichmayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespecialcircumstancesofthecase.
(b)InconstruingandcomplyingwiththeseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcollisionandtoanyspecialcircumstances,includingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved,whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.
第二条责任
1.本规那么并非免去任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规那么的任何疏忽,或船员通常做法要求的或那时特殊情形要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各类后果的责任。
2.在说明和遵守本规那么时,应考虑到一切航行和碰撞的危险和包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情形,这些危险和特殊情形可能使船舶在必要时为幸免紧迫危险而背离本规那么。
Rule3
GeneralDefinitions
ForthepurposeoftheseRules,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:
(a)Theword"vessel"includeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includingnon-displacementcraftandseaplanes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftransportationonwater.
(b)Theterm"power-drivenvessel"meansanyvesselundersailprovidedthatpropellingmachinery,iffitted,isnotbeingused.
(d)Theterm"vesselengagedinfishing"meansanyvesselfishingwithnets,lines,trawlsorotherfishingapparatuswhichrestrictmaneuverability,butdoesnotincludeavesselfishingwithtrollinglinesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmaneuverability.
(e)Theword"seaplane"includesanyaircraftdesignedtomanoeuvreonthewater.
(f)Theterm"vesselnotundercommand"meansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcircumstanceisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.
(g)Theterm"vesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvre"meansavesselwhichfromthenatureofherworkisrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.Theterm"vesselsrestrictedintheirabilitytomanoeuvre"shallincludebutnotbelimitedto:
(i)Avesselengagedinlaying,servicingorpickingupanavigationmark,submarinecableorpipeline;
(ii)Avesselengagedindredging,surveyingorunderwateroperations;
(iii)Avesselengagedinreplenishmentortransferringpersons,provisionsorcargowhileunderway;
(iv)avesselengagedinthelaunchingorrecoveryofaircraft;
(v)avesselengagedinmineclearanceoperations;
(vi)avesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasseverelyrestrictsthetowingvesselandhertowintheirabilitytodeviatefromtheircourse.
(h)Theterm"vesselconstrainedbyherdraught"meansapower-drivenvesselwhich,becauseofherdraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthandwidthofnavigablewater,isseverelyrestrictedinherabilitytodeviatefromthecoursesheisfollowing.
(i)Theword"underway"meansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground.
(j)Thewords"length"and"breadth"ofavesselmeanherlengthoverallandgreatestbreadth.
(k)Vesselsshallbedeemedtobeinsightofoneanotheronlywhenonecanbeobservedvisuallyfromtheother.
(L)Theterm"restrictedvisibility"meansanyconditioninwhichvisibilityisrestrictedbyfog,mist,fallingsnow,heavyrainstorms,sandstormsoranyothersimilarcauses.
第三条一样概念
除其他条文还有说明外,在本规那么中:
1.“船舶”一词,指用作或能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏,包括非排水船舶和水上飞机。
2.“机动船”一词,指用机械推动的任何船舶。
3.“帆船”一词,指任何驶帆的船舶,包括装有推动机械而不在利用者。
4.“从事打鱼的船舶”一词,指利用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的鱼具打鱼的任何船舶,但不包括利用曳绳钓或其他并非使其操纵性能受到限制的鱼具打鱼的船舶。
5.“水上飞机”一词,包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
6.“失去操纵的船舶”一词,指由于某种异样的情形,不能按本规那么各条的要求进行操纵,因此不能给他船让路的船舶。
7.“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词,指由于工作性质,使其按本规那么要求进行操纵的能力受到限制,因此不能给他船让路的船舶。
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括,但不限于以下船舶:
(1)从事敷设、维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶;
(2)从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶;
(3)在航中从事补给或转运人员、食物或货物的船舶;
(4)从事发放或回收航空器的船舶;
(5)从事清除水雷作业的船舶;
(6)从事拖带作业的船舶,而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖船偏离所驶航向的能力严峻受到限制者。
8.“限于吃水的船舶”一词,指由于吃水与可用水深的关系,致使其偏离所驶航向的能力严峻地受到限制的机动船。
9.“在航”一词,指船舳不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
10.船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。
11.只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时,才应以为两船是在互见中。
12.“能见度不良”一词,指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似缘故此使能见度受到限制的情形。
PARTB-STEERINGANDSAILINGRULES
SECTION1-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINANY
CONDITIONOFVISIBILITY
Rule4
Application
RulesinthisSectionapplyinanyconditionofvisibility
第二章驾驶和航行规那么
第一节船舶在任何能见度情形下的行动规那么
(第四——第十条)
Rule5
Look-out
Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintainaproperlookoutbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansappropriateintheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionssotomakeafullappraisalofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision.
第五条了望
每一船应在任何时候用视觉、听觉和适合那时环境和情形的一切可用手腕维持正规的了望,以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估量。
Rule6
Safespeed
Everyvesselshallatalltimesproceedatasafespeedsothatshecantakeproperandeffectiveactiontoavoidcollisionandbestoppedwithinadistanceappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditions.
Indeterminingasafespeedthefollowingfactorsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:
(a)Byallvessels:
(i)Thestateofvisibility;
(ii)Thetrafficdensityincludingconcentrationsoffishingvesselsoranyothervessels;
(iii)Themanoeuvrabilityofthevesselwithspecialreferencetostoppingdistanceandturningabilityintheprevailingconditions;
(iv)atnightthepresenceofbackgroundlightsuchasfromshorelightsorfrombackscatterofherownlights;
(v)thestateofwind,seaandcurrent,andtheproximityofnavigationalhazards;
(vi)thedraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthofwater.
(b)Additionally,byvesselswithoperationalradar;
(i)thecharacteristics,efficiencyandlimitationsoftheradarequipment;
(ii)anyconstraintsimposedbytheradarrangescaleinuse;
(iii)theeffectonradardetectionoftheseastate,weatherandothersourcesofinterference;
(iv)thepossibilitythatsmallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbedetectedbyradaratanadequaterange;
(v)Thenumber,locationandmovementofvesselsdetectedbyradar;
(vi)Themoreexactassessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossiblewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesselsorotherobjectsinthevicinity.
第六条平安航速
每一船在任何时候都应用平安航速行驶,以便能采取适当而有效的行动幸免碰撞,并能在适合那时环境和情形的距离之内把船停住。
在决定平安航速时,考虑的因素中应包括以下各点:
1.对所有船舶:
(1)能见度情形;
(2)通航密度,包括渔船或任何其他船舶的密集程度;
(3)船舶的操纵性能,专门是在那时情形下的冲程和旋回性能;
(4)夜间显现的背景亮光,诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射;
(5)风、浪和流的状况和靠近航海危险物的情形:
(6)吃水与可用水深的关系。
2.对备有可利用的雷达的船舶,还须考虑:
(1)雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性;
(2)所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制;
(3)海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的阻碍;
(4)在适当距离内,雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性;
(5)雷达探测到的船舶数量、位置和动态;
(6)当用雷达测定周围船舶或其他物体的距离时,可能对能见度作出的更确切的估量。
Rule7
RiskofCollision
(a)Everyvesselshalluseallavailablemeansappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionstodetermineifriskofcollisionexists.Ifthereisanydoubtsuchriskshallbedeemedtoexist.
(b)Properuseshallbemadeofradarequipmentiffittedandoperational,includinglong-rangescanningtoobtainearlywarningofriskofcollisionandradarplottingorequivalentsystematicobservationofdetectedobjects.
(c)Assumptionsshallnotbemadeonthebasisofscantyinformation,especiallyscantyradarinformation.
(d)Indeterminingifriskofcollisionexiststhefollowingconsiderationsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:
(i)Suchriskshallbedeemedtoexistifthecompassbearingofanapproachingvesseldoesnotappreciablychange:
(ii)Suchriskmaysometimesexistevenwhenanappreciablebearingchangeisevident,particularlywhenapproachingaverylargevesseloratoworwhenapproachingavesselat