语言学概论练习题.docx
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语言学概论练习题
语言学复习
1・WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutIanguageisNOTtrue?
A.Languageisasystem.B.Languageissymbolic.
C.AnimalsalsohaveIanguage・D.Languageisarbitrary・
2.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesisNOToneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage?
A.Symbolic.B.Dual.C.Productive.D.Arbitrary.
3.Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage?
A.Soundsandletters.B.Soundsandmeaning.
C.Lettersandmeaning.D.Soundsandsymbols・
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeusedtodescribe*displacement;oneoftheuniquepropertiesoflanguage?
A.WecaneasilyteachourchildrentolearnacertainIanguage・
B・Wecanuseboth'shiTand^ree*todescribethesamething.
C.WecanuseIanguagetorefertosomethingnotpresent.
D.Wecanproducesentencesthathaveneverbeenheardbefore.
5.WhatisthemostimportantfunctionofIanguage?
A.InterpersonalB.Phatic
C.Informative.D・Metalingual
6.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthecorebranchesoflinguistics?
A.PhonologyB.Psycholinguistics
C.Socio-linguistics・D.Anthropology・
7.WhichofthefollowingbranchesoflinguisticstakestheinnerStructureofwordasitsmainobject
ofstudy?
A.Phonetics.B.Semantics.C.Morphology.D.Syntax.
8.Whichofthefollowingmodesofstudyemphasizesonthe”standards”oflanguage?
A.Prescriptive.B.Descriptive・C.Synchronic.D・Diachronic.
9.WhoputforwardthedistinctionbetweenLangueandParole?
A.SaussureB.Chomsky
C.HallidayD.Anonymous
10.Thedistinctionbetweencompeteneeandperformaneeisproposedby_・
A.SaussureB・Halliday
C.ChomskyD.thePragueSchool
11.AccordingtoChomsky,istheidealusersinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.
A.competeneeB・paroleC・performsneeD・Iangue
12.isadesignfeatureofhumanIanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawiderange
ofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandspace.
A.DisplacementB.Arbitrariness
C.DualityD.Productivity
13.ThefunctionofthesentenceMAniceday,isn'tit?
His
A.informativeB.phatic
C.directiveD.performative
14.Generallinguisticsisthescientificstudyof
A.Ianguageofacertainindividual
B.theGermanlanguage
C.humanIanguagesingeneral
D.thesystemofaparticularlanguage
1-5CABCC6-10ACAAC11-14AABC
1・Articulatoryphoneticsmainlystudies.
A.thephysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeech
B.theperceptionofsounds
C.thecombinationofsounds
D.theproductionofsounds
2.Wherearethevocalcords?
A.Inthemouth・B・Inthenasalcavity.
C.Abovethetongue・D.Insidethelarynx・
3.Thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesin
A.theplaceofarticulationB.theobstructionofair-stream
C.thepositionofthetongueD.theshapeofthelips
4.WhichofthefollowingphoneticdescriptionsmatchestheEnglishconsonant[p]?
A.Avoicelessbilabialstop・B.Avoicedbilabialstop.
C.Avoicelessdentaistop.D.Avoiceddentalfricative・
5.Whatisthecommonfactorofthethreesounds:
[p],[k],[t]?
A.VoicelessB.SpreadC.VoicedD.Nasal
6.Whatphoneticfeaturedistinguishthe[p]inpleaseandthe[p]inspeak?
A.VoicingB.AspirationC.RoundnessD・Nasality
7.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisavowelglide?
A.[t]B.[o]c.[ei]D.[dau]
8.WhichofthefollowingisnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglish?
A.voicingB.nasalC.approximationD.aspiration
9.Whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthecriteriaofvoweldescription?
A.Thepartofthetonguethatisraised.
B.Theextenttowhichthetonguerises・
C.Theshapeofthelips.
D.Theextenttowhichtheteethdrawtogethe匚
10.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisabackvowel?
A.[i]B.[w]C.[e]D.[u]
11・Thediphthonginthewordbiteiscomposedof:
_・
A.[a]and[i]B.[e]and[i]C.[a]and[e]D.[o]and[i]
12.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,etc.intermsof
A・mannerofarticulationB.opennessofmouth
C.placeofarticulationD.voicing
13.Thephonologicalfeaturesoftheconsonant[k]are_・
A.voicedstopB.voicelessstop
C.voicedfricativeD.voicelessfricative
14.[e]isdifferentfrom[a]in
A.theshapeofthelipsB.theheightofthetongue
C.thepartofthetonguethatisraised
D.thepositionofthesoftpalate
15.[p]isdifferentfrom[k]in
A.themannerofarticulationB.theshapeofthelips
C.thevibrationofthevocalcordsD.theplaceofarticulation
16.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsin
A.aspirationB.nasalityC.obstructionD.voicing
1-5DDBAA6-10BCDDD11-16AABBDD
1.isthebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsand
providesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.
A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC・SemanticsD・Pragmatics
2.studiesthesoundsystemsinacertainIanguage.
A.PhoneticsB.PhonologyC.SemanticsD・Pragmatic
3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsisaminimalpair?
A.but-pubB.wet-whichC.cool-curlD.fail-find
Minimalpair(最<|\语又寸)referstotwodifferentformsthatareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestring.
Bad-bat
Allophones(音位变体)referstodifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironments
the[p]inpleaseandthe[p]inspeak
4.Minimalpairsareusedto・
A.findthedistinctivefeaturesofalanguage.
B.findthephonemesofalanguage・
C.comparetwowords・
D.findtheallophonesofalanguage.
5.Iftwosimilarsoundsegmentsneveroccurinthesamephoneticenvironment,thentheyare_.
A.twoseparatephonernes.
B.twoallophonesofaphoneme・
C.twofreevariationsofaphoneme.
D.aminimalpair.
6.Whichofthefollowingdistinctivefeaturescanbeusedtoseparate[k]from[g]?
A.Glottal(placeofarticulation)B.Nasal
C.VoicingD.Spread
7.Usually,supra-segmentalfeatures(超切分特征)include,lengthandpitch.
A.PhonemeB.speechsoundsC.syllablesD・stress
8.
isanindispensablepartofasyllable・
9.Theonsetofasyllablecanbecomposedof・
A.onevowelB.twovowels
C.threeconsonantsD.fourconsonants
10.Whereistheprimarystress(主重音)ofthewordphonology?
A.phoB.noC.IoD.gy
11.Inthefollowinglines,Andwherearethey?
andwherearethou.・・thelastwordthoushouldbestressedbecauseitisinacomparativepositionwiththewordthey.Wenamethiskindofsentencestressas
A.structuralsentencestressB.contrastivesentencestress
C.grammaticalsentencestressD.primarysentencestress
12.Inisolatedreading(i.e.,withoutanyspecificcontext),thewordininthesentenceSheisintheclassroomshould
A.notbestressedB.bestressed
C.betheprimarystressofthesentence
D.bemorestressedthanis
13.IfthereisanEnglishadjectivefpornatiar,isthemostpossiblefornegativeform.
A.ip-B.im-C.il-D.in-
14.isnotasuprasegmentalfeature.
A.AspirationB.Intonation
C.StressD.Tone
1・isthesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent.
A.WordB.MorphemeC.AllomorphD.Root
2.studiestheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
A.MorphologyB.SyntaxC.PhonologyD.Semantics
3.Lexeme(义位义素)is—.
A.aphysicallydefinableunit
B.thecommonfactorunderlyingasetofforms
C.agrammaticalunit
D.anindefinableunit
4.AnIanguageisaIanguageinwhichconceptsthatweexpressusingprepositions,
possessiveadjectives;andsoonareexpressedasmorphsconcatenatedinthesamewordsastherelevantbase・
A.InflectingB.AgglutinatingC.IsolatingD.Analytical
5.Inthewordconceive,themorpheme-ceiveisa
A.freerootB.boundrootC・suffixD.prefix
6.Thepluralaffixinthewordtablesisa(n).
A.inflectionalsuffixB.derivationalsuffix
C.freemorphemeD・root
7.WhichofthefollowingsoundsdoesnotbelongtotheallomorphsoftheEnglishpluralmorpheme
A.[s]B.[iz]C.[ai]D.[is]
8.WhichofthefollowingprocessesoflexicalchangedoestheChineseword”科技”experieneed?
A.BlendingB.Abbreviation
C.BorrowingD.Back-formation
9.Whichofthefollowingwordsiscreatedthroughtheprocessofacronym首字母缩略词(由一词组
中各主要词的第一字母缩合而成,如:
NATO,laser,radar).
A.adB.editC.AIDSD.Bobo
10.Allwordscontaina
A.rootmorphemeB.boundmorpheme
C.prefixD.suffix
11・Whichofthefollowingwordsisaderivationalone.
A.blackboardB.teachesC.considerationD・books
12.belongstoaclosedwordclass.
A.InB.BeautifulC.NounD.Create
13.Therelationshipbetween"fruit”and“apple"is・
A.homonymyB.hyponymy
C.polysemyD.synonymy
14.
Theword“lab”isformedthrough
1-5BABBB6-10ACBCA11-14CABC
1・WhenwesaythatwecanchangethesecondwordinthesentenceHeiswaitingoutsidewithanotherwordorphrase,wearetalkingabout_insidethesentence.
A.syntacticrelationsB.paradigmaticrelations
C.LinearrelationsD・Government
2.Thepartofthegrammarthatrepresentsaspeakersknowledgeofthestructureofphrasesand
sentencesiscalled・
A.IexiconB.morphologyC.syntaxD.semantics
3.Whatdoes1C1standsforasasyntacticnotionandanalyticaltechnique?
A.InferentialConnectiveB.InflectionalComponent
C.ImmediateConstituentD;ImplicativeCommunication
4.IfwearetousethetechniqueofICanalysistoanalyzethesentenceshebrokethewindowwithastoneyesterday,whereisthefirstcut?
A.betweenstoneandyesterdayB.betweensheandbroke
C.betweenbrokeandthewindowD.betweenwindowandwith
5._isthedefiningpropertiesofunitslikenoun(number,gender,etc.)andverb(tense,aspect,etc.).
A.PartsofspeechB・Wordclasses
C.GrammaticalcategoriesD.Functionsofwords
6.Whichofthefollowingitemsisn