高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionLesson3NaturalDisasters练习北师大版选修8.docx
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高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionLesson3NaturalDisasters练习北师大版选修8
Lesson3 NaturalDisasters
课时过关·即时巩固
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Theagriculturallandishillyandthe （irrigate）ispoor.
答案:
irrigation
2.Afewchildrenwilltendtosufferfrom （separate）fromtheirparents.
答案:
separation
3.Anewrailwayisbeing （construct）.
答案:
constructed
4.Theyarefocusedonincreasingtheirpersonalwealthbyany （mean）.
答案:
means
5.InEngland,the （change）weatherisatopicwhichisoftentalkedabout.
答案:
changeable
二、短语填空
earnone’sliving wipeout inadvance getover arangeof
1.Beforevisitinghim,Icalledhimup .
答案:
inadvance
2.Whenhewasveryyoung,hebeganto bysellingnewspapers.
答案:
earnhisliving
3.Heistryingto thedifficultyatpresent.
答案:
getover
4.Wholevillageswere bythefloods.
答案:
wipedout
5.Thetwomendiscussed issues.
答案:
arangeof
三、阅读理解
A
ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.
Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.
However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Aten-yearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.
Nauru’srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate（磷酸盐）ontheisland.Infact,itwasfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.
Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystrip-mines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Strip-miningtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.
In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.
Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.
1.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.ToseekhelpforNauru’sproblems.
B.Togiveawarningtoothercountries.
C.Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.
D.Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.
解析:
主旨大意题。
文章第一段提到瑙鲁前后的变化以及该段最后一句“...othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是为了引起其他国家的重视,以示警告。
故选B项。
答案:
B
2.WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?
A.Richandpowerful.B.Modernandopen.
C.Peacefulandattractive.D.Greedyandaggressive.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句“...usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及第二段第一句“...livedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安静而美丽的地方。
答案:
C
3.TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom .
A.soilpollutionB.phosphateovermining
C.farmingactivityD.whalehunting
解析:
细节理解题。
文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采,第五段又说明了其实这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层,最终使得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon”。
因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的采矿引起的,故B项正确。
答案:
B
4.WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru’sfinancialproblem?
A.Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.
B.Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.
C.Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.
D.Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据最后一段前两句“...theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知领导人使用资金不当,致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。
故选A项。
答案:
A
5.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?
A.Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.
B.Theleaderswilltaketheexperts’wordsseriously.
C.TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.
D.Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.
解析:
推理判断题。
结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁（岛）需要花的钱和时间,以及最后一句“Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏,是很难修复的。
故选A项。
答案:
A
B
Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman’sreleaseofcompletelynewartificialsubstancesintotheenvironment,orbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstance,suchasoilfromoiltankersintothesea.
Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalance,ortheecologicalbalanceasisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposed（处理）of.Butwhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproduced,therewillbenew,dangerouswastetobedisposedof,forexample,thewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeople,therefore,seepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblem,thatis,thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculture,wherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulation.However,thelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingused,insomecases,tooheavily,andartificialfertilizerscannotrestorethebalance.
Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsare,thereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompanies,individualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.Inthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwaste.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereused.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblem,butalsoisagreatwasteofresources,intermsofglass,metalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneed,butalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuying,excessiveconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.
6.Themaincauseofpollutionis .
A.ourever-increasingpopulation
B.increasedamountsofanaturalsubstance
C.thereleaseofartificialornaturalsubstancesintotheenvironment
D.theproductionofnewindustrialgoods
解析:
由短文中心含义可知,污染的原因在于随意排放各种物质。
原文第一段第二句清楚地说明了这一点。
答案:
C
7.Inthewriter’sview,themorenewgoodsareproduced, .
A.thelesspollutiontherewillbe
B.theharderpollutioncanbeprevented
C.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolled
D.themorepollutiontherewillbe
解析:
文中第二段首句表明我们在生产各种生活用品时,肯定会产生破坏生态平衡的废物。
再由第二段第二、三句可见,生产的新产品越多,造成的污染就越大。
答案:
D
8.Muchofthepollutioncouldbecontrolledifonly .
A.peoplewouldpaymoreattentiontotheproblem
B.governmentswouldtakeeffectivemeasures
C.allsidesconcernedwouldmakemoreefforts
D.farmerswoulduselessartificialfertilizers
解析:
由文中第三段第一句可知只有各方齐努力,才能控制污染。
答案:
C
9.Manypeopleseepollutionasonlypartof .
A.ourdailylife
B.theenvironmentalbalance
C.theconsumptionofgoodsbyman
D.thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods
解析:
文中第二段第四句表明答案为D项。
答案:
D
10.Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby .
A.makinganti-pollutionadvertisements
B.reducingunnecessarybuying,excessiveconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuse
C.askingthegovernmentstocontrolthewaste
D.cuttingdowntheuseofoil
解析:
由文中第三段最后一句话可知B项正确。
答案:
B
四、完形填空
War,moneyandpowerareafewthingsthatcountriesandpeopleareconcernedabout.ThoughIagreethat 1 thingsareimportant,Ibelievethateveryoneshouldstartto 2 moreonagrowingproblem—globalwarming.
Globalwarmingwillnotonly 3 ourcountryandourgeneration,butalsotheentire 4 andfuturegenerations.Itis 5 becausetheweatherhasbeenalotwarmeroverthepastfewyears,which 6 themelting（融化）oftheiceintheAntarctic.Thiswillsooncausewaterlevelsto 7 andfloodpartsoftheworld.
Manypeople 8 thisproblembecausetheyfeelasiftheycan’tdoanythingaboutitandhavemore 9 thingstoworryabout.Ifweall 10 so,thenourozonelayer（臭氧层）willbe 11 andtheplanetwillnolongerbeabletomakelifecontinuetoexist.Weshoulddoourbesttolimittheuseofourplanet’s 12 resources（资源）andkeepourairclean. 13 ,futuregenerationswillsufferfromour 14 .
Somemightfeelthattheycan’tstopglobalwarmingfrom 15 .Butifeverysinglepersondoeshisorherpartinkeepingtheairclean,thenitwillbecomea 16 effort.Sure,therearesomethingsthatcausepollutionandthatwewon’tbeableto 17 change.Thismayincludecars’burningoil,butwecan 18 adjustsomeofthesethings.Peoplecanstartcarpooling（合伙用车）,takingthebus,ridingtheirbikes,or 19 justwalking.
Ifeveryonetakes 20 now,Ibelievewecanstartseeingremarkableresultswithinafewyears.
1.A.one B.some
C.otherD.those
解析:
根据第一句中的“War,moneyandpower”及第二句中的things可知。
答案:
D
2.A.dependB.focus
C.hangD.remark
解析:
作者认为每个人都应更关注全球变暖问题。
focuson...“注意力集中在……”;dependon“依赖,依靠”;hangon“坚持,别挂断”;remarkon“对……做出评论”。
答案:
B
3.A.annoyB.interrupt
C.affectD.confuse
解析:
全球变暖不仅会影响到我们的国家和我们这一代人,还会影响……annoy“使心烦”;interrupt“打断”;affect
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