给排水专业英语Unit7.ppt

给排水专业英语Unit7.ppt

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SpecializedEnglishforWaterandWastewaterEngineering给排水专业英语给排水专业英语主讲教师：

李康主讲教师：

李康Lesson7Chemicaloxidation化学氧化7.1WordsandexpressionsReviewFrictionalresistance摩擦阻力摩擦阻力反冲洗反冲洗BackwashingInterception,intsepnn.拦截，截留截，截留Electrokinetici,lektrkainetikadj.动电学的学的，电动的的Terminatet:

mineitv.终止，停止，止，停止，结束束Hydraulicshaidr:

liksn.水力学水力学快快滤池池RapidfilterGravityfilter重力重力滤池池7.1WordsandexpressionsReviewlFiltermedium过滤介介质，滤料料l无烟煤无烟煤Anthracitel煤煤-砂砂滤床床Coal-sandbedslDualmediafilter双双层滤料料滤池池lCoarsemedia粗粗滤料料lTurbiditybreakthrough浊度穿透度穿透lFiltercycle过滤周期周期lFiltereffluent滤后水，后水，滤池出水池出水lFilterinfluent滤前水，前水，滤池池进水水57.2NewwordsandexpressionsDisinfectionDisinfectionChlorineChlorineInfluentflowInfluentflowOzoneOzoneOxidationOxidationReductionReductionEnzymeEnzymeCatalystCatalystSulfideSulfideBenzeneBenzene消毒消毒氯氯入流入流臭氧臭氧氧化氧化酶酶催化剂催化剂硫化物硫化物苯苯还原还原6n7.2NewwordsandexpressionsnnOxidant/OxidizingagentOxidant/Oxidizingagent氧化剂氧化剂nnReducer/ReducingagentReducer/Reducingagent还原剂还原剂nnOxidationpotentialOxidationpotential氧化电势，氧化性氧化电势，氧化性nnReductionpotentialReductionpotential还原电势，还原性还原电势，还原性nnAdvancedoxidationprocessAdvancedoxidationprocess高级氧化工艺高级氧化工艺（AOP）（AOP）nnHydrogenperoxideHydrogenperoxide过氧化氢过氧化氢nnAmmoniaAmmonia氨氨nnNonbiodegradableNonbiodegradable不能生物降解的不能生物降解的nnOxidation-reductionreactionOxidation-reductionreaction氧化还原反应氧化还原反应7.3Importantsentences1.（第一段）Includedinthefollowingdiscussionisanintroductionofthefundamentalconceptsinvolvedinchemicaloxidation,anoverviewoftheusesofchemicaloxidationinwastewatertreatment,andadiscussionoftheuseofchemicaloxidationforthereductionofBODandCOD,theoxidationofammonia,andoxidationofnonbiodegradableorganiccompounds.nonbiodegradableorganiccompounds难降解有机物有哪些？

oxidationandreduction（第二段）Thepurposeofthefollowingdiscussionistointroducethebasicconceptsinvolvedinchemicaloxidationreactions.Thetopicstobediscussedinclude

（1）oxidation-reductionreactions,

（2）halfreactionpotentials,（3）reactionpotentials,（4）equilibriumconstantsforredoxequationsforredoxequations,and（5）rateofoxidation-reductionreactions.redox氧化还原作用？

基本概念基本概念氨氨概述概述平衡常数平衡常数7.3Importantsentences1.（第三段）Oxidation-reductionreactions（5min）copper-Cuzinc-ZnOxidation-reductionreactionsOxidationhalfreaction？

Reductionhalfreaction？

equationequation-two-electronchange-two-electronchange7.3Importantsentences1.（第四段）Half-reactionpotentials2.Becauseofthealmostinfinitenumberofpossiblereactions,therearenosummarytablesofequilibriumconstantsforoxidation-reductionreactions.Ofthemanypropertiesthatcanbeusedtocharacterizeoxidation-reductionreactions,theelectricalpotential（i.e,voltage）oremfofthehalfreactionisusedmostcommonly.Thus,everyhalfreactioninvolvinganoxidationorreductionhasastandardpotentialE0associatedwithit.3.（11-4）和（11-5）公式是否有错误？

4.Thehalfreactionpotentialisameasureofthetendencyofareactiontoproceedtotheright.Halfreactionwithlargepositivepotential,E0,tendtoproceedtotherightaswritten.Converselyhalfreactionswithlargenegativepotential,E0,tendtoproceedtotheleft.5.Therelationshipbetweenelectricalpotentialandreaction?

无穷的，无限的无穷的，无限的electromotiveforce7.3Importantsentences1.（第五段）Reactionpotentials2.Thehalf-reactionpotentials,discussedabove,canbeusedtopredictwhetherareactioncomprisedoftwohalfreactionswillproceedaswritten.ThetendencyofareactiontoproceedisobtainedbydeterminingtheE0reactionfortheentirereactionasgivenbythefollowingexpression.3.ThepositivevaluefortheE0istakenasanindicationthatthereactionwillproceedaswritten.Themagnitudeofthevalue,aswillbeillustratedsubsequently,canbetakenasameasureoftheextenttowhichthereactionaswrittenwillproceed.减轻，缓和减轻，缓和7.3Importantsentences1.（第六段）Rateofoxidation-reductionreactions.2.Asnotedpreviously,thehalf-reactionpotentialscanbeusedtopredictwhetherareactionwillproceedaswritten.Unfortunately,thereactionpotentialprovidesnoinformationabouttherateatwhichthereactionwillproceed.Chemicaloxidationreactionsoftenrequirethepresenceofoneormorecatalystsforthereactiontoproceedortoincreasetherateofreaction.Transitionmetalcations,enzymes,pHadjustment,andavarietyofproprietarysubstanceshavebeenusedascatalysts.Transitionmetal过渡金属？

过渡金属？

enzyme酶酶胃蛋白酶、胰酶、淀粉酶、消化酶胃蛋白酶、胰酶、淀粉酶、消化酶7.3Importantsentences1.（第七段）Applications2.Inthepast,chemicaloxidationwasusedmostcommonlyto

（1）reducetheconcentrationofresidualorganics,

（2）controlodors,（3）removeammonia,and（4）reducethebacterialandviralcontentofwastewater.Chemicaloxidationisespeciallyeffectivefortheeliminationofodorouscompounds（e.g.,oxidationofsulfidesandmercaptans）.Nowchemicaloxidationiscommonlyusedto

（1）improvethetreatabili