版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Scienceandnature课后达标检测牛津译林版必修5.docx

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版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Scienceandnature课后达标检测牛津译林版必修5

Unit3Scienceandnature

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形

阅读理解

A

（2020·宣城诊断）

InthestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherfromAesop’sFables,athirstycrow（乌鸦）dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelofwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.

Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtomakewaterdisplacement（排水量）worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirstgraders.

Researchers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofCambridge,presentedsixcrowswithtubescontainingwater.Insidethetubes,awormorapieceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrows.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomeplasticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.

However,the_birds_handled_awkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowonetogetasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintoanarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whileittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthemwentforthewidetubefirst.

Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfoundoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。

1．HowdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?

A．Bybreakingthetube.

B．Bydroppinginerasers.

C．Bystandingonthewood.

D．Byremovingthewood.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterlevelandgettheirsnack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。

所以选B项。

2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inParagraph4?

A．Theywereunabletotelldifferentshapes.

B．Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.

C．Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.

D．Theymostlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。

由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。

3．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?

A．StoriesofAesop’sFables.

B．Thedevelopmentofcrows.

C．Crows’intelligence.

D．Humananimalcommunication.

C　解析：

主旨大意题。

根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirstgraders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。

4．Whatdoweknowaboutcrowsinthepassage?

A．Crowsarealmostascleverasfirstgradersinsomerespects.

B．Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.

C．Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancrows.

D．ThestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherlacksevidence.

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirstgraders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。

B

（2020·潍坊统一考试）

Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiestoavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemuporlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowsthatsomefloracanfeelaplanteatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepareapreemptive（先发制人的）defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.

WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsinMadisonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme（酶）,whichisknowntopreventplanteatinganimals.“Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked，”Orrocksays.“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”

InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars（毛虫）,whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirchemicalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibilitiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.

Thefindingthatasnail’sapproachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfarrangingeffects，”Karbansays.“Theresearchwascomprehensive，”headds,“buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.”

“That’sthemilliondollarquestion，”Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.

【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。

研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。

5．JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto________．

A．makethemgrowbetter

B．givethemawarning

C．keepplanteatinganimalsaway

D．informplanteatinganimalsofdanger

B　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”可推知，JohnOrrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat”呼应，故选B。

6．WhyistheexampleofcaterpillarsmentionedinParagraph3?

A．Tointroduceanotheranimal.

B．Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.

C．Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.

D．Toanalyzedifferentresistancechemicals.

B　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句“InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails；inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。

7．WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttoknow?

A．Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.

B．Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.

C．Whethertheresearchisofpracticalvalue.

D．Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第四段最后一句“‘Theresearchwascomprehensive，’headds，‘buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.’”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，RichardKarban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。

8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．WatchfulPlantsB．GreedyAnimals

C．ASnail’sApproachD．ADefenseAttack

A　解析：

标题归纳题。

根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。

完形填空

（2020·昆明教学质量检测）Myleastfavoritepartwasparticipatinginsportmeets,forIlovedrunningbymyself.Whenfacedwithrunningagainstfellowathletes,Iwas__1__.Ihadbutterfliesinmystomachandthesuddenurgetogotothenearest__2__.Thisyear,__3__，Iwasencouragedtojoininarunningcompetitionbymycoach.

The800－metereventwasapproaching,meaningthatIwould__4__soon.Ibreatheddeeplyandtriedto__5__myworries.Iwalkedovertosomeofthe__6__whowouldrunwithmeandstartedto__7__withthem.Wewerealllooseningupandgettingreadytorunas__8__aspossible.

Isteppeduptothelinefortheevent.Thestarterraisedhisstartinggunand__9__.Abouttwentyfiverunners__10__.Withtheserunnersaroundme,I__11__mycoach’swords,“Youmaybesmall,butyouhave__12__power.”So,Ikeptupwithathletestwicemy__13__.Ipickeduptherunnerinseventhplaceandbasedmystepsonhim,makingitalittlebitfaster.Onebyone,I__14__tomakeittothetopfour,burstingaroundthelap.

Itwasthelastlapbeforethefinalstraightaway.I__15__Ihadthepossibilitytowin.SoIwidenedmysteps,speedingupmy__16__.Icaughtupwiththerunnerinfirstplaceandweransidebysidedownthelast100meters—I__17__himbyahairatthefinishingline.

Mycoachgavemea__18__hugasIheadedbacktoseehim.Hewas__19__becauseIhadshortenedmyoriginal__20__bytwelvesecondsatleast.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。

“我”以前喜欢一个人跑步，最不爱参加运动会，但是今年“我”努力尝试，参加了跑步比赛。

1．A.shockedB．nervous

C．comfortableD．brave

B　解析：

根据上文中的“forIlovedrunningbymyself”以及空后的“Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach”可知，当“我”与运动员同伴赛跑时，“我”很紧张。

2．A.stadiumB．hospital

C．bathroomD．station

C　解析：

根据该句中的“Ihadbutterfliesinmystomach”并结合选项和常识可推知，“我”和其他人一起跑步很紧张，会突然急切地想去最近的洗手间。

3．A.howeverB．instead

C．otherwiseD．moreover

A　解析：

空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励“我”去参加跑步比赛，与上文内容形成转折，所以用however“然而”。

4．A.delayB．fail

C．escapeD．compete

D　解析：

根据空前的“The800metereventwasapproaching”可知，“我”很快将参加800米比赛。

5．A.ignoreB．increase

C．formD．imagine

A　解析：

根据语境可知，“我”深呼吸并试图忽略自己的担忧。

6．A.reportersB．judges

C．runnersD．coaches

C　解析：

根据语境和空后的“whowouldrunwithme”可知，“我”走向一些将和“我”一起跑步的跑步者，开始和他们一起热身（warmup）。

7．A.watchoutB．turnback

C．getawayD．warmup

D　解析：

参见上题解析。

8．A.smoothlyB．rapidly

C．calmlyD．patiently

B　解析：

根据空前的“Wewereall...torun”并结合常识可知，“我们”都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。

9．A.returnedB．withdrew

C．screamedD．fired

D　解析：

根据语境可知，发令员举起发令枪并开枪（示意起跑）。

10．A.tookoffB．setdown

C．lookedonD．wentabout

A　解析：

根据上文可知，发令员开枪示意起跑，大约25名赛跑者出发。

11．A.challengedB．recalled

C．forgotD．adapted

B　解析：

根据语境可知，被这些赛跑者包围，“我”想起了教练的话。

12．A.exactB．great

C．practicalD．suitable

B　解析：

根据空前的“Youmaybesmall”“but”并结合语境可知，此处表示你或许弱小，但你拥有巨大的力量。

13．A.pressureB．salary

C．sizeD．age

C　解析：

根据语境并结合选项可知，“我”与两倍于自己体格的运动员齐头并进。

14．A.offeredB．pretended

C．regrettedD．managed

D　解析：

根据空后的“makeittothetopfour”可知，“我”设法跑进了前