中学生如何巧记英语单词.docx
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中学生如何巧记英语单词
浅谈词汇教学
前言
英语教学的首要任务,如语音教学,语法教学,句型教学,课文教学等,都与词汇教学密切相关,词汇教学贯穿语音语言教学的一切方面和全过程,而无数个具有音,形,义的英语单词构成了词汇,不掌握一定数量的英语单词,也就无法进行词汇教学,同样也会直接影响正常的英语教学顺序。
本套教材就是适应英语教学,教改的需要,从实际出发,以学生课本为主,系统完整地归纳了初学英语者所常见的英语单词,在编写过程中,以英语十大词性为线,结合初学者的特点,采取了分类,联想,归纳等方法,利用学生在音标,字母教学之后能多,快,准,及时地掌握一定数量的单词。
一.名词(n.)
1.时间名词(Nounsfortime)
morningnoonafternoonevening(night)daydatesecondminutehourweekmonthseasonyearcentury
------月份JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
------星期MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday
------季节SpringSummerAutumnWinter ------表示将来的单词(Then.expressesfuture)tomorrowonedaythedayaftertomorrowthis(next)+year等时间名词
------表示过去的单词(Then.expressespast)yesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdayonceagojustnowamomentagoatlastatfirstatoncebefore(last)+year等时间名词onemorning(afternoon)ayear等时间单位n..+ago
------实物链线性单词(Then.whichcanformtheline)
century—year—term—seasonmonth—week—day—night—evening—afternoon—noon—morning—hour—minute—quarter—second—moment--while
------其他类时间单词(Then.can’tbeformedeasily)datetodayagoboyhoodholidayharvest-timealldayandnight
2.家庭成员名词(Nounsforfamilymembers)
father(daddaddy)mother(mommummy)sondaughterbrothersisterauntunclegrandparentsgrandfather(grandpa)grandmother(grandma)grandsongranddaughterfather-in-lawmother-in-lawstepmotherkidadultcousinnephewmanwomanboygirlfriendpeopleperson
3.学习用品名词(Nounsforstudyuse)
booktextbooknotebookbookcasepenpencilball-penfountain-peninkrulerchalkeraserblackboard-brushrubberdesk(table)backpackschool-bagletterwordsentencearticlepicturecarddictionarypaperhomeworklistnameaddresstapetape-recorderlecture-platformnumberpartnersoccer(football)conversationdialoguesurveydocumentaryspeechblankdescriptioncontestexamplequestionanswerwishexercise-booknewspapermagazinediarychalkrecorderTV(television)colorTVabacuscomposition
4.生活用品名词(Nounsforlifeuse)
desk(table)chair(armchair)watchclockfanbatracketbedcasechesscomputerdrawerdressere-mail(letter)dollarfloorfurnituremovie(thrillerfilm)musicdancerockshowpartyphone(telephonecall)photoringsaleshowersofavideoTVcollectionroomkeywashingmachinerefrigeratorgascupboardhobbyfavoritetripradiolightlampmirrormatbalancequiltcombforkchopsticksspoonthermospresentumbrellacoverstoolropenetploughgungoodsmoneytreasure
5.食品(NounsforFood)
ricenoodlesbreadcakeeggdessertchickenhamburgerporkmuttonfishice-creamsaladhot-dogbunoilsaltsweetvinegar
-----蔬菜(Vegetable)carrottomatopotatobroccoliradishonionpumpkinbeanplant-eggpepperlettucemushroomcucumbercabbageceleryleckegg-plantbroccoli
-----水果(fruit)appleorangepearpeachbananawatermelonhamimelonstrawberry(blueberry)pineapplelemonnutcherrycoconutdatefiglitchimangograpeoliveapricot
-----饮料(drink)cold-drinkwinewaterteabeersoapcold-drinkjuicecoffeemush
6.服装(Nounsforclothes)
clotheshat(cap)shirtskirtshortsshoessocksglovesslippersstockingstrouserssweaterpantsjeansT-shirtsuittievestjacketcoatuniformscarfnightdresspocketblouseboot
7.颜色(Nounsforcolors)
blackwhitebluegreygreenyellowredpinkorangebrownpurplegoldsilvercreamcoffee
8.职业(Nounsforstation)
workjobteacheractoractressstudentsingerclerkscientistartistmusiciandoctornurserunnerwaitercookfarmersoldierpolicemanreporterbuyermanagerengineerassistantpresidentworkerkeyboardoperatorprofessorbossworkmatedustmanpeasantbarber(hairdresser)fishermanwriterartistlawyerkingqueenchairmanpremiermusicianjudgemerchantspycaptainthiefbus-driverleague-memberparty-memberschool-girlwaitermilk-manpioneer
9.学科(Nounsforsubjects)
subjectChineseEnglishmath(arithmeticgeometry)historypoliticsgeographyscienceartbiologyoperacomedytragedyP.E.fineartschemistryphysicsmusiccleaningclass-cleaningpreparationweekly-meeting
10.球类运动(Nounsforball-sports)
ballsoccersportbaseballfootballbadmintonvolleyballping-pong(tabletennis)tennissoftballhandball
11.乐器(Nounsforinstruments)
trumpetviolinpianoguitardrumflutepipehornorgan
12.工作单位(nounsforunitsofwork)
schoolclubcitycountrygradeteamrowclassfamilyhotelhospitalpost-officestoreshopbankcompany
13.节日(Nounsforfestivals)
FestivalbirthdayTheSpring-festivalTheEarthDayChristmasHalloween
Mid-AutumnTeachers’DayMayDay
14.身体部位(Nounsforbody)
haireyenosemouthteethearfaceheadhandtoethumbfingerarmlegkeenfoottonguelipshoulderbackskinstomachheartwingchest
15.三餐(Nounsformeals)
breakfastlunchsupperdinnermealsnack
16.文体活动(Nounsfortherecreationalactivity)
get-togetherconversationdialoguecontestperformancesfolksongpopsongdiscochorussolorecitationcross-talkshortplayoperarelayhighjumpdiscusshort-putgymnasticsdailybroadcastexercisesringsswimmingdivingskatingskiingskippingdash400-meter-race
17.教学术语(Nounsfortheteaching-technicalterm)
testquizexamfinal-term(mid-term)oral-term(written-term)professorwordsentencearticletopictitleplural(singular)
18交通工具(Nounsforthetraffictools)
bustrainplanebike(bicycle)motorbikeboatshipcartrucktractorenginehelicopterjetspaceshipUFOjeeptelegraph
19.自然现象(Nounsfortheweather))
wind(windy)cloud(cloudy)snow(snowy)rain(rainy)sun(sunny)fog(foggy)rainbowfinesmokethunderlightmoonstarskyairearthhillriverlakemountainvalleyfireseasanddesert
20.植物(Nounsfortheplants)
plantflowerweedtreeforestcornwheatcottonricesunflowerpealilyrosevioletgrasscropleafwoodgraincastor
21.动物(Nounsfortheanimals)
snakespiderbutterflymosquitodinosaurcrocodilebeardolphinwhaleparrotpeacockowltortoise(turtle)pigeonswallowpigdoghorsecow(ox)sheep(goat)hen(roosterchickchickencock)duckgooseswancattigerfrogharerabbit(hare)donkeymonkeydeerpandafoxmouse(rat)elephantlioncamelcattlegiraffepumawolfkoalaseagullantbatlocustcrocodilehawk
22..国家名称(Namesforthecountry)
ChinaAmericaCanadaJapanKoreaIndiaSingaporeFranceGermanyItalyBritain(England)BrazilRussia
23.语言(Nounsforlanguage)
ChineseEnglishRussianFrenchJapaneseGermanIndianSpainArab
24.容器(Nounsforcontainer)
bagboxpocketcupmugglassesbowlplatebottlebasinpotbasketjardustbinmemorypocketcupmugglassesbowlplatebottlebasinpotbasketjardustbinmemory
25.声音(nounsforvoice)
voicenoisecalllaughcry
26.表示玩具的名词(Then.expressestoy)
kitegunballshiptraintoymini-bus
27.表示长度,尺寸,时间,货币等“单位”名词(数量单位)
meterkilometerkilogramsizetimesecondminutehouryearcenturytonrankblocko’clockpilepiecepairhalffewlittleplentylotmanyanysomekindteamgrouppoundpennypart
28.表示方位的名词(Thenounsforposition)
frontbacklefttopbottommiddleeastsouthwestnorthnorth-east
29.抽象名词—属于不可数名词(Then.expressesabstract)
homeworkpoliticsworklaughapologyjobwaysciencerestregretrepeatrisenewsrulebreathdefencepardonpaycarefunproblemattentionhopeinterestjoypromisemistakesafetyspiritroutepronunciationchancewarquestionnoisethingbusinessdeathconditionvisit
30.表示“人”的名词(Then.expressesperson)
(1)家庭成员(familymember)
fathermotherMumPapagrandfathergrandmothergrandmagrandpagrannybabybrothersistercousinsondaughterhusbandunclenephewauntniece
(2)职业或职务类(nounsforprofessions)具体见8
(3)性别(Then.expressessex)
manwomanboygirlpeoplefriendenemyfemalemale
(4)外国人的名字(Then.expressesthenameofforeigners)
JackJoanJohnKateMikeBettyAliceGreenTomRoseMarryPeterLeninBlackBobHillHoweCarlWashington
(5)其他
comradeownerlearnermonitorclassmatedesk-matepartexamplescientistfoolwinner
31.事物链线性单词(Then,whichcanformtheline)
(1)telephone—call—message—Mrs.Black—nobody
(2)table-tennis—bat—match—ticket—team—between
(3)library—assistant—lend—bring
32.其他类单词(Then.whichcan’tbeformedeasily)
nothingbirthdayNO.=numberwishtalkneedfightreplyclassrepair
33.类属于某一范围或公共场所的名词(Then.expressespubicplaces)
familyhomedumphouseroomsocietyschoolgradeclassgroupclassroombuildinglabprisonplay-groundsportcountryfactorywork-room(work-shop)hospitalshop(store)cinemalibraryrestaurantbarhoteldinning-roomparkgardenstopstationstreetwayroadzoorailwaytrackpalacestadiummuseumcapitalmeeting-roomrumfloorofficeworldspaceheavenbridgepyramidworkstempletombmonument
二.冠词(art.)
aanthe
三.代词(pron.)
A人称代词(Personalpronoun)
case格thenominativecase主格theobjectivecase宾格
number数singularnumber单数pluralnumber复数
person人称thefirstperson第一人称thesecondperson第二人称thethirdperson第三人称
a第一人称主格I(单数)we(复数)宾格me(单数)us(复数)定格my(单数)our(复数)主宾格mine(单数)ours(复数)
b第二人称主格you(单数)you(复数)宾格you(单数)you(复数)定格your(单数)your(复数)主宾格yours(单数)yours(复数)
c第三人称主格hesheit(单数)they(复数)宾格himherit(单数)them(复数)
定格hisherits(单数)their(复数)主宾格hishersits(单数)theirs(复数)
B指示代词(demonstrationpronoun)
thisthatthesethose
C反身代词(reflexivepronoun)
myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves
D相互代词(mutualpronoun)
eachotherone…anotherone…theother
E疑问代词(interrogativepronoun)
whatwhowhomwhosewhich
F不定代词(infinitivepronoun)
a只可修饰不可数名词的不定代词(onlymodifyuncountablenoun)
muchmoremostlittlelessleastalittle
b只可修饰可数名词单数的不定代词(onlymodifythesinglecountablenoun)
oneeacheveryother
c修饰可数名词复数的不定代词(modifythepluralcountablen.)
bothmanyfewafew
d修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词(modifythepluralcountablen.oruncountablen.)
allsomeany
e可作主语,宾语的复合代词(compoundprono