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考研英语一真题与答案解析
2011年考研英语
（一）真题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But_____someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyh
aslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoes_____short-termchangesin
thefunctionof
theheartanditsblood
vessels,____heartrateandoxygenc
onsumptionBut
becausehardlaughteris
difficult
to____,agoodlaughisunl
ikely
tohave_____benefitstheway,say,walking
orjoggingdoes.
____,insteadof
strainingmusclestobuild
them,asexercisedoes,laughte
rapparentlyaccomplishesthe____,studiesdating
backtothe1930?
sindicate
that
laughter.muscles,
Suchbodily
reactionmight
conceivablyhelp____theeffectsofpsychologic
alstress.Anyway,theactof
laughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___
___feedback,thatimprove
anindividual?
semotionalstate.______oneclassicalth
eoryofemotion,our
feelingsarepartially
rooted_______physicalreactions.It
wasarguedattheendof
the19thcenturythathumansdonotcry______they
aresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.
Althoughsadnessalso_______tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanf
low
_____muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsych
ologistFritz.
1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like
2．[A]reflect
[B]demand[C]indicate
[D]produce
3．[A]stabilizing
[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining
4．[A]transmit
[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe
5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable
[D]renewable
6．[A]Inturn
[B]In
fact[C]In
addition[D]In
brief
7．[A]opposite
[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected
8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes
9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance
10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal
11．[A]Except
for
[B]According
to[C]Due
to
[D]Asfor
12．[A]with
[B]on
[C]in[D]at
13．[A]unless
[B]until
[C]if
[D]because
14．[A]exhausts[B]follows
[C]precedes[D]suppresses
15．[A]into
[B]from
[C]towards
[D]beyond
1
16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold
17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent
18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted
19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing
20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40
points）
Text1
ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsne
xtmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe
suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresp
onsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!
Atlast!
”wroteAnthonyT
ommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.
Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,howeve
r,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert?
sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthe
nextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusiciansli
keGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleast
someTimesreadersasfaintpraise.
Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororeven
agoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcom
positions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhe
reelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.
Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorde
dperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticq
2
ualitythantoday?
sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener?
schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.
Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert?
sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:
AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydiffer
ent,morevibrantorganization.But”whatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?
Merelyexpandingtheorchestra?
srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetwe
enAmerica?
soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.
21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert?
sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.
[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.
22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.
24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?
[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.
[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.
25.RegardingGilbert?
sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfe
els
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
3
Text2
WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,
hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitinth
eusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursue
mygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchm
ydecision,McGee”says.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttime
withtheboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOa
ndchairmanonSeptember29.
McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflect
onwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetoth
eoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn?
talone.Inrecentweeks
theNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanation
thattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplans
inresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon?
tgetthenodalsom
aywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanage
rscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.
Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybem
orewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnove
rwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.
Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.Foryearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthe
mostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:
”can?
tIthinkofasinglesearchI?
vedone
whereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”
Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven?
talwayslandedintoppositionsq
uickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewant
edtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-base
dcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.
Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveaba
done.“Thetraditionalrulewasit?
ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat?
sbeenfundamentallyinverted,says”oneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho?
vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho?
vestayedtoolong.”
4
26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.
27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives?
quittingmaybespurred
by
[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.
28.Theword“poached”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.
[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.
[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.
[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.
[D]it?
ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.
30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?
[A]CEOs:
WheretoGo?
[B]CEOs:
AlltheWayUp?
[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTop
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