基坑支护外文文献.docx
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基坑支护外文文献
中文3700字
Soilnailwall,alsoknownassoilnailingtechnology,whichisinstalledinsitusoilwitharelativelydensesoilnails,andsoilslopesurfaceofsprayedconcretetobuildasteelmeshsurfacelayer,throughthesoilnails,thesurfacelayerandin-situsoiltheroleofthethreecommonslopeorretainingwallside.Soilnailwallsbutalsoposesasimilargravityinsitureinforcedearthretainingstructures.Andsupportingavarietyofmethodshavebeencompared,ithastheconstructioneasy,simpleequipment,requirelittlespace,excavationandsupportingjobscanbeparallel,theoverallprogressofthefast,lowcost,aswellaspollution,lownoise,stableandreliable,socialandeconomicgood,andmanyotheradvantages,andthereforeathomeandabroadwiththefoundationpitslopereinforcementhasbeenwidelyappliedrapidly.
Soilnailwallconstructiontechnologyisatop-downstepbystepbuildprocess,accordingtothefollowingorder:
Accordingtodesignrequirementsforexcavationface,trimmedslope,plantedsprayedconcretethicknesscontrolsigns;jetfirstlayerofconcrete;erectionofdrillingsoilnails,grouting,erectionofconnectors;bandingsteelnet,sprayasecondlayerofconcrete;settopofthehill,slopeandthefootoftheslopeofthedrainagesystem.
Soil-nailedlaw-enforcement:
keepasmuchaspossible,significantlyhighermaximumuseofpitwallsideofinherentmechanicalstrengthofsoil,changingsoilstructureandsystemloadaspartofthebracing.Sprayedconcreteundertheeffectofhighpressuregasflow,whereinhigh-speedsoilsurfacelayerandthesoilinthespraycreatedbetween'embeddedsolid-effect',andgraduallyformacompletelyclosedwiththeexcavationshoringsystems,spraylayerandmountedwithaprotectivelayerofandreinforcementoftopsoil,sothattoavoidexposuretowindandrainerosion,shallowcollapse,localspalling,aswellastheroleofimpermeableimpermeable.Soilnailingaspecialcontrolpressuregroutingcanbereinforcedmediumgreatlyimprovedphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesmakeitbecomeanewgeologicalbody,itssolid-solidintheslipplanethedeepsectionofthesoiloutsidethehouse,itsexternalfixedterminalSpraythesurfacelayerinconjunctionwiththenetworkasawholemaybeatendencytoinstabilityinthesidewalltransferredtothesolid-sectionanditsvicinityandtoeliminate.ReinforcedMeshsprayedlayercanhaveabetterintegrityandflexibility,caneffectivelyadjustthespraylayerandthestressdistributionwithinthesoilnail.Activesoilnailretainingsoilandwithsoiltogetherwithconstructionofsimple,rapidandtimely,flexibleapplicability,withthediggingwithsticks,safeandeconomiccharacteristics.Itsdurationisgenerallypoorerthanthetraditionalmethodtosavemorethan30-60d,engineering,lowcostand10%-30%,supportingthemaximumverticalpitdepthhasnowreached21.5m,builtmud(localmiscellaneousfill)pitdepthof10m.Thismethodnotonlyeffectivelybeusedforgeneralgeotechnicaldeepexcavationshoring,oftenalsousedanumberofotherancillarysupportmeasures,caneffectivelybeusedforsupportingstreamingsand,silt,complexfilling,saturatedsoil,softsoil,etc.adversegeologicalconditionsofthedeepexcavation.Inaddition,itisalsorapid,reliableandeconomicalmethodofusingthetraditionalmethodorimprovedfacilitiestobemadeorhavebeencarriedoutrescueexcavationinstabilityreinforcement.
Ofsoilnailingandreinforcedsoilandanchoritseemssuchasretainingstructures,however,thestructureofsoilnailingandreinforcedearthconstruction,etc.Therearemanydifferentpoints,andanchor.
Firstofall,soilnailingandreinforcedsoilslopeorretainingwallisnotthesame,mainlyreflectedin:
theconstructionindifferentways.Soil-nailedconstructionofthedistributionofexpansionfromtoptobottom,sideexcavationwhileretainingfulluseofundisturbedsoilstrength.Reinforcedearthstructurefrombottomtotopfillinglayeredconstruction,fillingchoice,densityandintensitycanbecontrolled;reinforcedpullthebiggestchangesinbodypatternisdifferent.Inthereinforcedearthstructure,thegeneralbodyatthebottomofthetendonforcemaximum.Inthestructureofsoilnailing,thegeneralrangeofthecentralpartofthelargestforceofsoilnail,theupperandbottomofthesoilnailforcesmall;differentdeformationproperties.SoilNailingthemaximumdisplacementoccurredinthesupportingslopeatthetopornearthetop,reinforcedearthstructure,themaximumdisplacementatthebottom.
Secondly,soilnailingandboltingorretainingwallisnotthesame,mainlydueto:
thevariouspartsoftheforceandthesamerole.Boltingorretainingwalloftheanchorgenerallyanchoragesectionandfreeabove,theuseofslidingsurfacetoprovideresistanceoutsidetheanchoragesection,settheanchorgenerallyprestressed,thefreesectionunderuniformtensioneffect,throughtheanchorseatpassedtotheslopeoftheretainingstructures,earthretainingstructuresgreaterstiffness,mainlythroughtheprovisionofresistancebythemoment,isoneofthemainforcecomponents.Soilnailingsettingsgenerallydonotimposepre-tension,butoccursinthesoilafterasmalldeformationofthepassiveforce,thesizeoftheforcealongtheunevendistributionofsoilnailextension,themiddleonbothsidesofthesmall,theroleoftheforceatthesurfacelayerthanthesmall,sprayedconcretesurfacelayerisnotamajorforcecomponents,itsroleistostabilizethesurfaceofthepartialexcavationofsoiltopreventcavinganderosion;settingdifferentdensities.Intheboltsupportintheunitareaontheretainingboltsetthenumberofgenerallyless,foreachrootanchorconstructionaccuracyandrequirementsareverystringent.Inthesoil-nailing,thesurfaceofsoilnailretainingalittlebitmoredensearrangementofindividualsoilnailconstructionrelativelylowaccuracyandqualityrequirements;designofdifferentlengths.Intheboltsupport,thedesignrequirementsmustmeettherequirementsofeachrootanchorofresistance,soboltanchoragesectionrequirein-depthintothestablelayer,thedesignofalongerlength.Insoilnailing,themoredensearrangementofsoilnail,thelargenumberofinteractionwiththesurroundingsoil,tomaintainself-reinforcedzoneofsoilstability,andresistancetooutsidetheregionreinforcedtheroleofsoilpressure,designshorterlength.Ofcourse,therearemanytypesofbolts,therearenotpre-stressed,thelengththantheaveragesoil-nailevenshorter,butthisboltismainlyusedforthetunnelorundergroundworksofthespray-anchoronthelengththantheaveragesoil-nailisalsoisshorter,oftenonly2-4m.
(1)ConstructionofSoilNail
Soilnailingisasoil-nailasamajorcomponentoftheslopeoftheforcesupportingtechnology,whichconsistsofdensesoilnailgroup,hasbeenreinforcedinsitusoil,sprayedconcretesurfacelayerandthenecessarywatersystemcomponents.
(2)StructuralMaterials
Steel:
steeltypes,modelsandsizesshouldbeconsistentwithdesignrequirements,shouldadopttheH-orH-classsteelworkers,reinforcedafterthepurchaseshouldbeproperlysafeguardedtopreventcorrosion,productionshouldbetransferredstraight,rust,oilremoval,shouldbecarriedoutphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesorchemicalcompositionanalysisoftestweldingofsteel,shouldbeweldabilityandweldingqualityofthetestfordetectionofweldingmaterialstrengthshouldbegreaterthantheoverallstrength;
Cement:
ordinaryportlandcementused,labelP032.5,ifnecessary,sulfuricacidresistantcement,aluminacementshouldnotbeused.Cementshouldcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheexistingcementstandardrequirements,theremustbeasinglefactorytestreports,qualityinspectionorders,factorycarddocuments,inaccordancewithitsvarieties,label,testnumbersetc.,andinspectionandacceptancesamplinginspection,bytheexaminationresultsarereasonableUse.Bagsofcementshouldbeproperlykeptinstorageandtransportation,rain,moisture,stackedinacertainheightfromthegroundheapshelves,isstrictlyprohibitedanddamagethrowingthrowingbags,prohibitedtheuseofdampordifferentvarietiesofmixedcementlabel.
Aggregate:
stoneandsandmaterial(seedsfilm,medium-finesand)shouldcheckreportcards,thestonetestmethodsandqualitystandardsbyJGJ53-92,sandmaterialtestingmethodsandqualitystandardsbyJGJ52-92.Particlesizeoflessthan2mminthesand,sand,claycontentbyweightnotmorethan3%,theparticlesizeoflessthan12mmgravelormelontablets,claycontentbyweightnotmorethan3%.
Mixingofwater:
thewaterwithoutaffectingthenormalcondensationofcementhardeningofharmfulimpurities,maynotcontainfat,sugarandfreeacid,etc.;water,PHvalueislessthanfourofacidicwaterandsulfurionofmorethan1%ofthewaterweightofwaterwereshallnotbeused;theuseoftapwaterorcleanwaterformixingnaturalwatercouldbedispensedwithfortesting.
Quick-settingagent:
quick-settingagentisusedinJ85,711,orRedStar1,shouldbespecificallyresponsibleforcontrol,addtheweightof3%oftheweightofcement,themachineautomaticallyaddedbythejet.
Electrodes:
TheTHJ422.
Concretemix:
Inadditiontosprayingtheconcretemixdesignstandardstobeattainedstrength,wemustalsomeetthetechnicalrequirementsofconstruction,withtheratioof1:
0.4:
2:
2(cement:
water:
sand:
melonpieces),melonseedspiecemaximumdiameterofnotm