大学英语四级阅读技巧长篇阅读篇.ppt

大学英语四级阅读技巧长篇阅读篇.ppt

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2013大学英语四级阅读技巧之长篇阅读（信息匹配）Lengthyreading：

informationmatching长篇阅读（信息匹配题）包括大约10-18个段落的篇章。

题后给出10句陈述，每句一题。

每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的那一段落，每段开头有一个字母标识指代该段落。

一般一个段落对应一题；有的段落可能对应两题或更多，有多次被选的可能；有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

解题思路Step1快速通读文章（skimming），标题、副标题、首段、段落首、尾主题句、段落重要观点句，注意文章结构和细节串联，熟悉文章的题材，抓住文章大意。

Step2仔细阅读给出的10句话（statements），明确标出句中易于查找的细节词，如数字、大写、核心名词、态度词汇等，掌握问题类型。

Step3快速查读（scanning），根据10句话中的细节词迅速找出相应段落，确定段落内容与题干信息是否对应。

Caseanalysisp7-9答题原则1）关键词定位定位原则。

2）关键词非首次出现原则。

3）出题非顺序原则。

4）匹配原则。

句子与原文定位处需有明确的匹配关系：

同义改写，正话反说，反话正说，归纳概括等语言层面的改写和替换。

5）非一一对应原则：

有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。

6）题目非照抄原文原则Modeltest1p7-9Skimthepassageandgraspthemainidea（accordingtothesubtitles）Scrutinizeeachof10statementsattachedtothepassage,markingthekeywordsanddetailsaswellasscanningouttherelatedsentencesthatinvolvethekeywordsanddetails.Makesurethechosenparagraphmatchesthestatement.ThesubtitlesHowmuchtrashisgenerated?

Howistrashdisposedof?

Whatisalandfill?

ProposingthelandfillBuildingthelandfillWhathappenstotrashinalandfill?

Howisalandfilloperated?

Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill.（I）关键词+同义改写47.Mostcustomersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies.（k）同上48.Alandfillcantbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout.（H）关键词+正话反说49.Inlandfilldisposal,theUnitedKingdomranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries.（D）关键词+改写50.Ratherthanbreakdowntrash,alandfillismainlytoburyit.（J）关键词+改写Markthekeywordsanddetailsinthe10statements51.Itspredictedthatbioreactorwillbeusedtospeedupoftrashbreakdowninlandfills.（Q）关键词+改写52.Ofallthebigcountries,Americansgenerateslargestamountoftrashperpersoneveryyear,andmajorityofthetrashisburiedinlandfills.（B）关键词+综合53.Customersoflandfillsarechargedbytheweightofthetrashtheyaregoingtobury.（M）某些关键词多次出现54.Poisonouschemicalsarebarredfromalandfill.（O）同义改写55.Usuallytoreducetheamountofmaterialinalandfill,thereisarecyclingcenterneartheentranceofthelandfill.（L）关键词+细节词Skimmingandscanningactivity（accordingtoeachof10statements）46Firststepinconstructingalandfillistobuildroadswhichleadtothelandfill.（I）关键词+同义改写BuildingtheLandfillI）Oncetheenvironmentalimpactstudyiscomplete,thepermitsaregrantedandthefundshavebeenraised,thenconstructionbegins.First,accessroadstothelandfillsitemustbebuiltiftheydonotalreadyexist.Theseroadswillbeusedbyconstructionequipment,sanitation（环卫）servicesandthegeneralpublic.Afterroadshavebeenbuilt,diggingcanbegin.IntheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,thelandfillbegan10feetbelowtheroadsurface.Skimmingandscanningactivity（accordingtoeachof10statements）47.Mostcustomersofalandfillaremunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies.（k）关键词+同义改写HowIsaLandfillOperated?

K）Alandfill,suchastheNorthWakeCountyLandfill,mustbeopenandavailableeveryday.Customersaretypicallymunicipalitiesandconstructioncompanies,althoughresidentsmayalsousethelandfill.Skimmingandscanningactivity（accordingtoeachof10statements）48.Alandfillcantbebuiltwithoutcertainenvironmentalimpactstudybeingcarriedout.（H）关键词+正话反说H）IntheUnitedStates,takingcareoftrashandbuildinglandfillsarelocalgovernmentresponsibilities.Beforeacityorotherauthoritycanbuildalandfill,anenvironmentalimpactstudymustbedoneontheproposedsitetodetermine:

Skimmingandscanningactivity（accordingtoeachof10statements）49.Inlandfilldisposal,theUnitedKingdomranksfirstwhiletheUnitedStatesranksmiddleofthemajorcountries.（D）关键词+改写HowIsTrashDisposedof?

D）ThetrashproductionintheUnitedStateshasalmosttripledsince1960.Thistrashishandledinvariousways.About27percentofthetrashisrecycledorcomposted,16percentisburnedand57percentisburiedinlandfills.Theamountoftrashburiedinlandfillshasdoubledsince1960.TheUnitedStatesrankssomewhereinthemiddleofthemajorcountries（UnitedKingdom,Canada,Germany,FranceandJapan）inlandfilldisposal.TheUnitedKingdomrankshighest,buryingabout90percentofitssolidwasteinlandfills.Skimmingandscanningactivity（accordingtoeachof10statements）50.Ratherthanbreakdowntrash,alandfillismainlytoburyit.（J）关键词+改写WhatHappenstoTrashinaLandfill?

J）Trashputinalandfillwillstaythereforaverylongtime.Insidealandfill,thereislittleoxygenandlittlemoisture.Undertheseconditions,trashdoesnotbreakdownveryrapidly.Infact,whenoldlandfillshavebeenduguporsampled,40-year-oldnewspapershavebeenfoundwitheasilyreadableprint.Landfillsarenotdesignedtobreakdowntrash,merelytoburyit.Whenalandfillcloses,thesite,especiallythegroundwater,mustbemonitoredandmaintainedforupto30