英语考研真题完美修订版 附答案.docx

英语考研真题完美修订版 附答案.docx

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英语考研真题完美修订版附答案

2010年考研英语真题及解析

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblandandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

In1924American’NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephonepartsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting1workersproductivity.Indeed,thestudiesended2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”theextremelyinfluentialideathevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubject’sbehavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheplant.Accordingto5oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A（n）8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers’behavior10itself.

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathappened15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect”ishardtopindown.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]Contraryto[B]Consistentwith[C]Parallelwith[D]Peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duty[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[DMeanwhile

19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readingthefollowingfourtexts,answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbit-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWar2,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness.andeventhosereviewswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereaout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.'Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,'Newmanwrote,"thatIamtemptedtodefine"journalism"as"atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare".'

Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography（1947）becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?

Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

Aartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

BEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

Chigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

Dyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWar2werecharacterizedby

Afreethemes.

Bcasualstyle.

Celaboratelayout.

Dradicalviewpoints.

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

AItiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

BItiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

CWritersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

DNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

AHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

BHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

CHisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

DHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

ANewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

BTheLostHorizoninNewspapers

CMournfulDeclineofJournalism

DProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforlyingabox.

Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletely-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDennis’DCrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthreeandthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateisweatheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCountthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti-patenttrendatthesupremecourt”,saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction]

[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

[D]Itmayc