考研英语二真题.docx

考研英语二真题.docx

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考研英语二真题

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,2,ayoungersibling.

3,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto4:

apatientparent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy6.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina7andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9happens:

Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould11theclockandstartover,We’veallbeenthere.

12,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue.youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso14yourchild’sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids.thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.

Certainly,it’sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:

Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal.youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.

1.[A]tedious

[B]pleasant

[C]instructive

[D]tricky

2.[A]inaddition

[B]forexample

[C]atonce

[D]byaccident

3.[A]Fortunately

[B]Occasionally

[C]Accordingly

[D]Eventually

4.[A]amuse

[B]assist

[C]describe

[D]train

5.[A]while

[B]because

[C]unless

[D]once

6.[A]answer

[B]task

[C]choice

[D]access

7.[A]tolerant

[B]formal

[C]rigid

[D]critical

8.[A]move

[B]drag

[C]push

[D]send

9.[A]mysterious

[B]illogical

[C]suspicious

[D]inevitable

10.[A]boring

[B]naive

[C]harsh

[D]vague

11.[A]turnback

[B]takeapart

[C]setaside

[D]coverup

12.[A]Overall

[B]Instead

[C]However

[D]Otherwise

13.[A]like

[B]miss

[C]believe

[D]regret

14.[A]raise

[B]affect

[C]justify

[D]reflect

15.[A]time

[B]bond

[C]race

[D]cool

16.[A]nature

[B]secret

[C]importance

[D]context

17.[A]cheated

[B]defeated

[C]confused

[D]confronted

18.[A]terrible

[B]hard

[C]strange

[D]wrong

19.[A]trying

[B]changing

[C]exciting

[D]surprising

20.[A]hide

[B]emerge

[C]withdraw

[D]escape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirectios:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat—onesocialandoneasocial—forfourdays.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing,saysQuinn.Theratsmayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,shesays.

“Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocitywherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,”saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dassumedwe’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.saysWiles.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.

21.Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan.

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellows

22.Whatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey.

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape.

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn.

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence.

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame.

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats.

[A]canrememberotherrats’facialfeatures.

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes.

[C]respondmoretoactionsthantolooks.

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels.

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats.

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup—toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica’shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay.butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.

Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany.”CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere’sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.Plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Beyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn’texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations.

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy.

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms.

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies.

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto.

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operat