流行性感冒讲座英文.ppt

流行性感冒讲座英文.ppt

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InfluenzaInfluenza1.WhatisInfluenza?

2.HowInfluenzaSpreads3.Symptoms4.Diagnosis5.Treatment6.HowtoPrevent1.WhatisInfluenza?

Influenza（theflu）isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.History：

2,400yearsAcoldisamilderrespiratoryillnessthantheflu.Whilecoldsymptomscanmakeyoufeelbadforafewdays.Flusymptomscanmakeyoufeelquiteillforafewdaystoweeks.Coldsymptomsusuallybeginwithasorethroat,whichusuallygoesawayafteradayortwo.Nasalsymptoms,runnynose,andcongestionfollow,alongwithacoughbythefourthandfifthdays.Feverisuncommoninadults,butaslightfeverispossible.Childrenaremorelikelytohaveafeverwithacold.Withcoldsymptoms,yournoseteemswithwaterynasalsecretionsforthefirstfewdays.Later,thesebecomethickeranddarker.Whetherapersonhastypicalseasonalfluorswineflu,thesymptomsseemtobequitesimilar.Flusymptomsareusuallymoreseverethancoldsymptomsandcomeonquickly.Symptomsofswinefluandseasonalfluincludesorethroat,fever,headache,muscleachesandsoreness,congestion,andcough.Swinefluinparticularisalsoassociatedwithvomitinganddiarrhea.DifferenceBetweenColdorFLUlInfluenza（theflu）isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.Thebestwaytopreventseasonalfluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccinationeachyear.InvirusclassificationinfluenzavirusesareRNAvirusesthatmakeupthreeofthefivegeneraofthefamilyOrthomyxoviridae.InfluenzavirusAInfluenzavirusBInfluenzavirusCInfluenza（theflu）1918H1N1Spanishflu40million1957H2N3Fareastflu2million1968H2N3HongKongflu700000WorldWarI：

8to10million20thcenturyKeyInfluenzaAViralFeatures神经氨酸酶神经氨酸酶（N）血血凝凝素素（H）Influenza:

AnEver-ChangingVirusAntigenicdrift:

Smallchange,happencontinuallyovertimeIsoneofthemainreasonswhypeoplecangettheflumorethanonetimeAntigenicshift:

Isanabrupt,majorchangeResultsinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeoravirus2.HowInfluenzaSpreadsPeoplewithflucanspreadittoothersuptoabout6feetawayMostexpertsthinkthatfluvirusesarespreadmainlybydropletsmadewhenpeoplewithflucough,sneezeortalkThesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs.Lessoften,apersonmightalsogetflubytouchingasurfaceorobjectthathasfluvirusonitandthentouchingtheirownmouthornose（contacttransmission）AccordingAccordingtotoCenterCenterforfordiseasediseasecontrolcontrol&preventionprevention（CDC）,（CDC）,symptomssymptomsofofH1N1H1N1influenzainfluenzaresemblesresemblesseasonalseasonalinfluenzainfluenzaandandotherotheracuteacuteupperupperrespiratorytractinfections.respiratorytractinfections.3.SymptomsFeverwithorwithoutchillsLethargyLackofappetiteSorethroatCoughRunningnoseBodyacheHeadacheNauseaVomitingDiarrhea4.DiagnosisDifficulttodiagnoseSimilartothecommoncoldOnsetofsymptomsmayoccurrapidlyDiagnosisItcanbetestedforinthelabLeukopeniaparticularlylymphopeniamild-to-moderatethrombocytopeniaslightlyormoderatelyelevatedaminotransferaselevelsMarkedhyperglycemiarelatedtocorticosteroiduseelevatedcreatininelevelsCommonlaboratoryfindingsviralisolationchickembryosculturedcellsVirologyDiagnosisVirologyDiagnosisReal-timePCRRapidQuantitativeImmunofluroscenceRapidDistinguishbetweeninfluenzaAandBvirusesVirologyDiagnosisDrugsprovedresistantatpresent5.Treatment6.HowtoPrevent8StepstoProtectYourselfIndividualpreparednessBeforethepandemiccomesWhenthepandemiccomesStep1BepreparedStep2GetvaccinatedStep3KeephandscleanStep4Usemaskproperly8StepsToProtectYourselfStep5KnowhowinfluenzapresentsStep6ManagefeverwellStep7PractisehealthylifestyleStep8Beresourceful8StepsToProtectYourselfStep1:

BePreparednBuildupgoodpersonalhygienewashhandsfrequentlywearmaskwhensymptomsofrespiratorytractinfectiondevelopcovermouthandnosewithtissuewhencoughingorsneezinganddisposeofsoiledtissueproperlyinaliddedrubbishbinavoidtouchingeyes,mouthornoseStep1:

BePreparedKeepathomeMasksMasksAntipyreticsforusewhennecessaryAntipyreticsforusewhennecessaryThermometerThermometerLiquidsoapLiquidsoapTissueTissueBealwaysreadywithinformationoffamilydoctor&otherusefulinformationSeasonalpeaks:

Jan-Mar/JulAugInfluenzavaccinationoneoftheeffectivemeansofpreventinginfluenzaanditscomplicationsInfluenzavaccinationisrecommendedtospecialgroupsStep2:

GetVaccinatedPeoplewhoshouldreceiveinfluenzavaccination:

ElderlypersonslivinginresidentialcarehomesLong-stayresidentsofinstitutionsforthedisabledElderlypersonsaged65yearsorabovePer