12四级听力材料.docx
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12四级听力材料
SectionA
11.
Man:
Excuseme,doyouhavechangeforaten-dollarnote?
Ineedtopaytheparkingmeter.
Woman:
I’msorry.ButIthinkyoucangetitthroughthemoneychanger,intheshoppingcenteracrossthestreet.
Question:
Whatisthemantryingtodo?
12.
Man:
Canyourecommendsomethingthataschoolboyofsevenoreightwillreallylike?
Woman:
Isuggestthistoytrain,sir.It’sanexcellentbrand,verypopular,allovertheworldthesedays.
Question:
Whatisthemandoing?
13.
Woman:
Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyouaretakingpicturesofthem?
Man:
Itrynotto.Youknow,anypictureofapersonwhoposesforthecamerawouldlookdullandunnatural.
Question:
Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
14.
Woman:
IneedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsBaltimorewell.I’mtoldyoulivedthere.
Man:
Oh,butIwasreallyyoungatthetime.
Question:
Whatdoesthemanmean?
15.
Woman:
Aren’tyoudisappointedthatyoudidn’tgetthepromotion?
Man:
Maybealittle.ButIknowIneedmoreexperiencebeforeI’mreadyforthatkindofresponsibility.
Question:
Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromthisconversation?
16.
Woman:
I’vebeenworkingoutthegymsinceJanuary.Iwasabitoutofshape.
Man:
Youlookterrific!
Itseemsthatyourefforthaspaidoff.
Question:
Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?
17.
Woman:
Prof.ClarksuggestedthatIgetatutorforadvancedphysics.
Man:
Well,thatmighthelp.Advancedphysicsisaprettydifficultcourse.
Question:
Whatdoesthemanmean?
18.
Woman:
Bill,haveyouheardthelatestnews?
Itappearswetwowon’tbelaidoffafterall.
Man:
Oh,I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIshouldresign.Anyway,thenewsseemstobegoodforyou.
Question:
Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenews?
ConversationOne
Woman:
Hello,Parksoncollege.MayIhelpyou?
Man:
Yes.I’mlookingforinformationoncoursesincomputerprogramming.Iwouldneeditforthefallsemester.
W:
Doyouwantadayoreveningcourse?
M:
Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.
W:
Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?
M:
No.
W:
Oh.Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming.
M:
Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?
Ihopeit’snotonThursdays.
W:
Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsatseven.
M:
Justonceaweek?
W:
Yes.Butthat’sallmostthreehoursfromseventonineforty-five.
M:
Oh.Well,that’sallright.Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?
W:
Mmmm,letmesee.Twelveweeks.YoustartthefirstweekinSeptember,andfinish,oh,JustbeforeChristmas.December21st.
M:
Andhowmuchisthecourse?
W:
That’sthreehundreddollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.
M:
Aha.Okay.Ah,wheredoIgotoregister?
W:
RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptember,between6and9inFrostHall.
M:
Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?
W:
Yes.That’stheone.
M:
Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?
W:
No,justyourcheckbook.
M:
Well,thankyouverymuch.
W:
Youareverywelcome.Bye!
M:
Bye!
19.Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?
20.Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?
21.Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleoftheeveningcourse?
22.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?
ConversationTwo
W:
So,whyexactlydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?
M:
Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituation,andthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.
W:
Howdoyourelaxintheevening?
M:
Iveryrarelydoanythingworkrelated.Soit’seasytoescapethemarkets.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyIfI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway.Todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.
W:
Doyouthinkwhatyoudotorelaxisaneffectivewaytobeatstress?
M:
Idon’tthinkthere’saspecificruleabouthowtobeatstress.IgenerallyfindthatwhatIdoiseffectiveforme.
W:
Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?
M:
Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostressrelatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstressisagoodthing,andifusedtherightway,canactuallybeapositivething.
W:
Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?
M:
Havingsaidallthat,Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Ienjoyamentalchallenge.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.Howyoudealwithandmanagethoseemotionsdictatesshort,mediumandlongtermtradingperformanceandsuccess.
23.Whatistheman’sjob?
24.Whydoesthemanprefertocookamealratherthanhaveatakeaway?
25.Whatdoesthemansayaboutanelementofstressinhisjob?
SectionB
PassageOne
Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetwasjustahopefuldream.Butnowtheyarebeginningtolocateplaceswherelifecouldform.In1997,theysawevidenceofplanetsnearotherstarslikethesun.Butscientistsnowthinkthatlifecouldbeevennearerinourownsolarsystem.OneplacescientistsarestudyingverycloselyisEuropa,amoonofJupiter.SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface.TheprobeshavealsomadethescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.Waterandheatfromvolcanicactivityaretwobasicconditionsneededforlifetoform.Athirdiscertainbasicchemicalssuchascarbon,oxygenandnitrogen.ScientistsbelievetheremightbesuchchemicalslyingatthebottomofEuropa’socean.Theymayhavealreadycreatedlife,ormaybeaboutto.Youmaywonderiflightisalsoneedforlifetoform.Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalinblackness,suchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflifehavebeenseenthere.SothelackoflightinEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceandoesn’tautomaticallyruleoutlifeforming.
26.Whatdidscientistsoncebelieveaccordingtothepassage?
27.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutEuropa,amoonofJupiter?
28.Whathavescientistscometoknowrecentlyabouttheformationoflife?
PassageTwo
Inherearlydaysasanemergencyroomphysician,Dr.JoannaMeyertreatedachildwhohadsufferedaseconddegreeburn.Afterthechildhadbeentreated,andwasbeingpreparedfordischarge,Dr.Meyertalkedtotheparentsabouthowtheyshouldcareforthechildathome,alsolisteningtoherwerehalfadozenfamilymembers.Afewhourslater,whenshecametosaygoodbye,thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’vebeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven.“AsItalkedtothem,Iwasamazed.”shesaid,“AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhadgivenjustafewhoursbefore.Buttheyhadthreeorfourdifferentversions.Themostbasicdetailswereunclearandconfusing.Iwassurprised,becausethesewereintelligentpeople.”ThisepisodegaveDr.Meyerherfirstcluetosomethingeverydoctorlearnssoonerorlater–mostpeoplejustdon’tlistenverywell.
Nowadays,shesays,sherepeatsherinstructions,andevenconductsarealitycheckwithsomepatients.Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinkthey’resupposedtodo.Shealsoprovidestake-homesheets,whicharecomputerprintouts,tailoredtothepatients’situation.
Dr.Meyer’slistenersarenotunusual.Whennewordifficultmaterialispresented,almostalllistenersarefacedwithachallenge,becausehuman’sspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword.Oralcommunicationisfast-movingandimpermanent.
Question29-31
Q29.Whatdidthechild’sfamilymembersargueaboutinthehospital?
Q30.WhatdoesDr.Meyerdotoensureherpatientsunderstandherinstructions?
Q31.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthumanspeech?
Passage3
Itislogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefits,andjobsecuritymotivateworkers.Butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers,theyaremerelysatisfiers.
Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,therearealwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobs,andlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomanagersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?
Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasateam.Forexample,somesupermarketscombineofficestaff,thepeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam.Andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplaythem,andsoon.
Manypeoplenowtalkabouttheimportanceofacompanysharedvaluesorculture,withwhichallthestaffcanidentify.Forexample,beingthebesthotelchain,ormakingthebest,themostuserfriendly,orthemostreliableproductsinaparticularfield.Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargets,whichultimatelyonlyconcernafewpeople.Unfortunately,thereisonlyalimitednumberofsuchgoalstogoaround.Andbydefinition,notallthecompetingcompaniesinanindustrycanseriouslyplayintobethebest.
Question32-35
Q32.WhatcanactuallymotivateworkersaccordingtoFrederickHerzberg?
Q33.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutjobsinthecomputere