专四语法第7节情态助动词.docx
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专四语法第7节情态助动词
专四语法专题第七节:
情态助动词
I.情态助动词考点和知识要点:
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情态助动词概述:
情态助动词有can(could),may(might),must,haveto,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),oughtto等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化;
不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
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情态助动词知识要点:
1.can/could
2.may/might
3.will,would
4.shall
5.should,oughtto
6.must
7.need
8.dare
9.情态动词+不定式完成式(havedone)
1.can/could
1)表示请求和允许(Permission)
-----CanIgonow?
-----Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.
此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?
----Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)
2)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)(Ability)
Canyouliftthisheavybox?
(体力)
Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)
Canyouskate?
(技能)
表示“能力”时可与beableto互换。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。
I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.
但当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。
如:
Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.
3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)(Possibility)
They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.
Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.
4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Canthisbetrue?
Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.
Howcanthisbetrue?
2.may/might
1)表示请求和允许(Permission)。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?
----No,youmustn’t.
----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?
----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)
用MayI...?
征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI...?
在口语中更常见。
2)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)(Possibility)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.
Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.
3)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
Mayyousucceed!
4)may/might...aswell表示“不妨,还是...的好”,也可以写作may/mightaswell.
Sinceitisraininghard,youmayaswellstayhere.
3.will,would
1)用于第二人称疑问句中,表示请求、建议等,would更委婉,不表时态。
Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?
2)表示意愿(Willingness)、意图(Intention)、决心(Determination)、承诺(Promise)等,可用于各种人称。
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.
3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
4)表示估计和猜想。
Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenshelefthome.
4.shall
1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
Whatshallwedothisevening?
2)shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
5.should,oughtto
1)should,oughtto表示“应该”,oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.
Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.
2)表示劝告、建议和命令。
should,oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.
ShouldIopenthewindow?
3)表示推测should,oughtto(客观推测),must(主观推测)。
Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家)
Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.(不太肯定)
Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(直爽)
Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.(含蓄)
Uncertainmight
may
could
can
should
oughtto
would
will
Certainmust
6.must,haveto
1)表示必须、必要。
Youmustcomeintime.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).
----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?
----Yes,youmust.
----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.
2)must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。
Must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。
Heplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.
IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.
3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.
Yourmothermustbewaitingforyounow.
7.dare,need
1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。
HowdareyousayI’munfair?
Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?
Ifwedarednotgotherethatday,wecouldn’tgetthebeautifulflowers.
2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。
在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替。
Youneedn’tcomesoearly.
----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.
3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。
在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.
Hedoesn’tdare(to)answer.
Heneedstofinishhishomeworktoday.
8.will,would
1)用于第二人称疑问句中,表示请求、建议等,would更委婉,不表时态。
Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?
2)表示意愿(Willingness)、意图(Intention)、决心(Determination)、承诺(Promise)等,可用于各种人称。
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.
3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
4)表示估计和猜想。
Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenshelefthome.
9.情态动词+不定式完成式(havedone)
1)can/could+havedone
在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事”,是虚拟语气;在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定,表示推测。
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.(虚拟语气)
Hecan’thavebeentothattown.(推测)
Canhehavegotthebook?
(推测)
2)may/might+不定式完成式(havedone)
表示对过去行为的推测。
不能用于疑问句中,没有虚拟语气的用法。
Might所表示的可能性比may小。
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
3)must+不定式完成式(havedone)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。
意为“一定、想必”。
其疑问、否定形式用can,can’t代替。
参看1)can/could+havedone表示推测。
YoumusthaveseenthefilmTitanic.
HemusthavebeentoShanghai.
4)should+不定式完成式(havedone)
用于肯定句中,表示对过去行为的推测。
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow。
表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”,其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了
可以与oughtto+不定式完成式(havedone)互换。
Yououghtto/shouldhavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn’t.)
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
5)needn’t+不定式完成式(havedone)
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
6)will+不定式完成式(havedone)
主要用于第二、三人称,表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
Hewillhavearrivedbynow.
II.情态助动词专四真题模拟题
1.Amongthefoursentencesbelow,Sentence _____ expressesthehighestdegreeofpossibility.
A.Itmaytakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
B.Itmighttakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
C.Itcouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
D.Itshouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.
2.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsdoesNOTindicatewillingness?
3.A.Whatwillyoudowhenyougraduate?
B.Theywillbehomebynow.
C.Whowillgowithme?
D.Whywillyougotherealone?
4.Whenthesentence“ShallIdriveyoutotheairportfirst?
”isturnedintoindirectspeech,whichofthefollowingismostappropriate?
A.Heagreedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.
B.B.Heofferedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.
C.Headvisedmetogototheairportfirst.
D.HesuggestedthatIdrivetotheairportfirst.
4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesindicatesPOSSIBILITY?
5.A.Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.
6.B.Youcannotsmokeinsidethebuilding.
7.C.Hecannotcometoday.
8.D.Shecannotplaythepiano.
9.Whichofthefollowingsentencesafact?
A.Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.
B.Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.
C.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.
D.It’sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.
10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningof"Shallwebuytheticketsfirst”?
A.Hesaidthatweweregoingtobuytheticketsfirst.
B.Herequestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst.
C.Hesuggestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst.
D.Headvisedustobuytheticketsfirst.
11.WhichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesWILLINGNESS?
A.Bynowshewillbeeatingdinner.
B.Ishallneverdothatagain.
C.Mybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggage.
D.Youshallgetapromotion.
12.ThesentencethatexpressesOFFERis_____.
A.I'llgetsomedrinks.What'llyouhave?
B.Doessheneedtobookaticketnow?
C.MayIknowyourname?
D.Canyoureturnthebooknextweek?
13.Nancy'sgonetoworkbuthercar'sstillthere.She____bybus.
A.musthavegoneB.shouldhavegone
C.oughttohavegoneD.couldhavegone
14.Aren’tyoutired?
I____youhaddoneenoughfortoday.
A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethought
C.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethought
15.Iwent there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I __ the journey in exactly two days.
A.musttakeB.musthavemade
C.wasabletomakeD.couldmake
16.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"?
A.Youmustleaveimmediately.
B.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.
C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.
D.Youmustcompletethereadingassignmentontime.
17.She_____fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.
A.mustbeB.hadbeen
C.couldbeD.musthavebeen
18.You______borrowmynotesprovidedyoutakecareofthem,’Itoldmyfriend.
A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can
19.Iamsurprised__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.
A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinking
C.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking
16.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone__anopportunitytohearthespeech.
A.oughttohaveB.musthave
C.mayhaveD.shouldhave
17.You_____Markanythingaboutit.Itwasnoneofhisbusiness.
a.needn‘thavetoldb.needn’ttellc.mustn’thavetoldd.mustn’ttell
18.He______unwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.
a.mayhaveactedb.musthaveactedc.shouldactd.wouldact
19.Themeeting’sbeencanceled.Ann_____allthatwork.
a.needtodob.needhavec.needn’thavedoned.needednottodo
20.“Shemustbeinthedormitorynow.”“No,she____bethere.Isawherintheclassroomaminuteago.”
a.mustn’tb.can’tc.couldn’td.wouldn’t
21.He_____the8:
20busbecausehedidn’tleavehometill8:
25.
a.couldn’thavecaughtb.oughttohavecaught
c.