中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示.docx
《中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
中国古代瓷器对外贸易对西方的影响及当代启示
Acknowledgements
Thanksforgivingmethisopportunitytoaccomplishthispaperandmaketheidealconclusionformyfouryear’seducation.Ihaveobtainedmorethanbeforethroughwritingthispaper.
Ideeplyappreciatethehelpofmysupervisor,Mr.Lei,whowidentherangeofmythinking.
Besides,Ialsowanttogivemysincerethankstootherteachersandmyclassmateswhogavememuchhelp.
Abstract
Chineseancientporcelainsforeigntradewithnearlyonethousandyearshadgreatimpactsonthewest.Itchangedtheoriginaltablewareofthewestern,whichwasmadeofglass,goldandsilver,andpromotedtheformationofthestyleof“Rococo”and“thedecorationofPompadour”.ItalsoenrichedtheformintheexpressionofreligiousconnotationandspiritualbeliefandstimulatedeconomicdevelopmentinWesternEuropeandLatinAmerica.Andporcelainsbecamethesymbolofpoliticalcivilizationinmanywesterncountries.Nowadays,thestrategyof“theBeltandRoad”isinexecution,andChineseshouldenergeticallyimprovetheabilityofinnovationandcloselyfocusonthechangesofmarketdemandinexteriorareas.Inaddition,ChineseshouldtakegreateffortsintotheconstructionofinternationalcommercialenvironmentwithharmonyfortheforeigntradeofChina.
KeyWords:
ancientporcelains;foreigntrade;impacts;enlightenment
摘要
历经千年的中国古代瓷器对外贸易在西方世界产生了巨大影响。
在生活上,瓷器替代了西方民众原先以玻璃和金银为主的饮食器具;在艺术上,促成了西方的“洛可可”风格和“蓬巴杜装饰”;在宗教信仰上,使得西方民众表达宗教内涵和精神信仰的形式更为丰富;在经济上,带动了西欧和拉美地区的经济发展;在政治上,瓷器成为很多西方国家政治文明的象征。
当前我国正在实施“一带一路”战略,我们应大力提升创新能力,在产品的制造过程中密切关注外部市场的需求变化,为我国对外贸易努力营造和谐的国际贸易环境。
关键词:
古代瓷器;对外贸易;影响;启示
Contents
TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u1.Introduction1
2.TheOutlineofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade3
2.1TheBackgroundoftheAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade3
2.2TheRepresentativePeriodsofAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade4
2.3ThePorcelainCulturebehindAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade6
3.TheImpactsofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTradeontheWest7
3.1OnPolitics7
3.2OnEconomy7
3.3OnArt8
3.4OnPeople’sLivelihood9
3.5OnReligiousBelief10
4.TheContemporaryEnlightenmentofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade11
4.1TheSpiritofInnovationandtheHighQualityinExportProducts11
4.2TheMarketDemandandtheApplicabilityofExportProducts12
4.3TheHarmoniousRelationshipandtheStabilityinExternalEnvironment13
5.Conclusion14
Bibliography16
TheImpactsofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTradeontheWestandtheContemporaryEnlightenment
1.Introduction
AsoneoftheChinesenation’sgreatcreations,porcelainswereviewedasthevitalproductwhichrevealedmaterialandspiritualcivilizationsofhumanbeingsbypopulaceinexteriorareas.Withthedistinctiveporcelainculture,ChineseancientporcelainsforeigntradehadvariousinfluencesonthehumansocietythroughlonghistoryfromtheTangDynastytothebeginningoftheQingDynasty.Nowadays,Chineseforeigntradegraduallybecamethemainforceofcompetitionintheinternationalmarket, fortherapidgrowthofeconomyandtheenhancementofnationalpower.Inaddition,theinitiativeof“theBeltandRoad”isinexecution.Basingonthesetwocurrentsituations,therewillbesomerealisticmeaningtowardsChinesestudyingtheimpactsofancientporcelainsforeigntradeonthewestandexploringthewayinwhichwouldbetterdevelopexternaltradeatpresent.Inaway,“theBeltandRoad”isanextensionoftheSilkRoad,throughwherevariousancientproductswereexported.Exceptforthesilk,thenumberofexportedporcelainscouldrankfirstamongallthetransportedproducts.Furthermore,theinfluenceswhichancientporcelainsbroughtwererelativelymoreprofoundthanthatofthesilkbrought.Forexample,theword“China”originallyreferredtotheancientporcelains,anditwaseventuallyusedtoserveasthenameofonecountrywhichinitiallymadeporcelainsinpacewiththedeeperacquaintanceofforeignerstowardporcelains.ThereisalsothesignificantenlightenmenttowardsChinesestudyingtheprocessandexternalimpactsofancientporcelainsforeigntradetoexploretheessentialreasonwhyitcouldcontinuallygooninthepastonethousandyearsandthencomeupwithsomemeaningfulmeasuresinthewelldevelopmentofChineseexternaltrade.
Uptonow,manyscholarshaddonesomeresearchinforeigntradeandculturalexchangeofporcelainsandachievedparticularfruit,whichcanbedividedintotwomaincategories:
oneisthestudiesonculturalexchangeofporcelainsbasingontheoutlineofporcelaintradewithdifferentperiods,andtheotheristhestudiesontheexternalimpactsofspecificporcelainsorporcelainswithparticularperiod.Inthefirstcategory,thescholarlikeXiaoJunmainlystudiedIslamicculturalelementsinChineseporcelain.Accordingtohisstudy,someelementsaboutexoticculturewerepreservedinChineseporcelainstodifferentdegreesoutoftheneedofhavingcommercialexchange,andIslamicculturalelementswhichweremanifestedinporcelainsweremostoutstanding(75).AndtwomorescholarslikeWuYanchunandZhouHongmainlystudiedtheeconomicandculturalexchangebetweenChinaandForeigncountriesbasingonChineseporcelainsforeigntrade.Throughlistingouthistoricalfactaboutancientporcelainsforeigntradewithdifferentperiods,theyshowedthatculturesathomeandabroadcouldintegratetogetherandlearnfromeachother.Accordingtotheirstudy,Chineseporcelainsnotonlytransmittedmagicalorientalism,butalsoassimilatedhelpfulelementsofforeignculture,anditaffectedPorcelainabroadexceptforstimulatingnativeeconomy(42).Inanothercategory,thescholarlikeLiMengzhimainlystudiedtheimpactsofChineseporcelainsintheMingandQingDynastiesonEurope.Accordingtoherstudy,duringtheperiodofMingandQingDynasties,ChineseporcelainsmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofEuropeancultureandthebuiltofPorcelainwhentheyweremassivelyexportedthere(53).AnotherscholarlikeChenDairumainlystudiedtheimpactsofChinesewhiteporcelainsinDehuaonothercountriesoftheworld.Accordingtoherstudy,asthetreasureofChinesetraditionalculture,ChinesewhiteporcelainsinDehuagreatlypromotedtheprogressofmaterialandculturallifeinothercountriesasthesignificantcarrierofChinesecivilization,exceptformakingmuchcontributiontonativeeconomyandcultureasthetreasureofChinesetraditionalculture(141).
AlthoughthosetwocategoriesaboveinvolvedthestudiesonChineseancientporcelainsforeigntrade,thereisneitherthesystematicresearchontheimpactsofChineseporcelainsforeigntradeonthewestnorthatoncontemporaryenlightenmentaboutChineseexternalpolicies.Basingonthesituation,thispaperwouldbebettergoeson.Especiallyundertoday’sexternalcircumstance,itisnecessarytostudytheimpactsofChineseancientporcelainsforeigntradeonthewestandthecontemporaryenlightenment.
Inthispaper,themaincontentscanbedividedintothreeparts.Thefirstoneisabouttheoutlineofancientporcelainsforeigntrade,thesecondoneistheimpactsofancientporcelainsforeigntradeonthewest,andthelastoneisthecontemporaryenlightenmentofancientporcelainsforeigntrade.Inaddition,inthispaper,thesenseofthewestwhichwasmentionedinthispaperexceptforthefourthpartgenerallyreferstoanyareaswesttotoday’sChina,includingCentralAsia,WestAsia,SouthAsiaandEastAfrica.
2.TheOutlineofChineseAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade
Asanancientcountrywithlargepopulationtogetherwithprofoundhistory,Chineseforeigntradestartedsoearly.Chinainitiallymadetheancientporcelainsintheworld.AncientporcelainswereextremelysignificantinitsforeigntradeasthesymbolofChinesecivilization.OwningtothefactthatporcelainsthemselvesarethereflectionofChinesetraditionalculture,forwestern,ancientporcelainsforeigntradecanberegardedasoneoftheimportantavenuesinthecomprehensionandacquirementofhumanspiritualculture.DuringonethousandyearsorsofromtheSuiandTangDynastiestotheMingandQingDynasties,ChineseancientporcelainswereconstantlyexportedtotheexteriorareasviatheLandSilkRoadandtheMaritimeSilkRoad.
2.1TheBackgroundoftheAncientPorcelainsForeignTrade
Chineseancientporcelainsforeigntradehadanage-oldhistory.OurancientporcelainshadbeentransportedtocentralAsiatogetherwithwestAsiaviatheLandSilkRoadsincetheTangDynasty.Infact,theTangDynastywasrelativelyexoteric,whichmadeitsrelationshipwithexteriorareasbecomecloser.AsthedistinctivecreativityofChinesecivilizationandthefruitofintelligencefromancientpeople,ancientporcelainswereviewedasthetreasurebyexteriorpopulace.Atthattime,exceptthatagreatamountofsilkwasexportedabroad,thenumberofexportedChineseporcelainsweregraduallyincreasinginpacewiththeprogressofChineseporcelainstechnology.EspeciallydependingontheinvisibledrivingforceoftheSilkRoadandthegrowthofsoutherneconomyofthetime,thereformedafundamentalconditionforbenefitingourancientporcelainsforeigntrade.WhileuptothelaterTangDynasty,therewasfrequentunrestintheLandSilkRoad,thetransportationaccordinglybecameextremelyunsafe.Inpacewiththeimprovementofancientshipbuildingtechnologyaswellasseamanship,theMaritimeSilkRoadaroseinthemiddleoftheeighthcentury(WuandZhou41).Owningtotheintermittentcommercebasedupontheunrest,themarinetradebecameincreasinglyfrequentandtheseatransportationconvenientinconsiderationofsecurityandeconomy.Fromthenon,Chineseancientporcelains