高考要掌握的所有介词和介词短语下.docx

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高考要掌握的所有介词和介词短语下.docx

高考要掌握的所有介词和介词短语下

35、through

【原始含义】

“穿过,穿越”

【引申含义】

prep

(1)通过、穿过

fromoneendorsideofsth/sbtotheother

eg:

Hewalkedthroughthedoor.

(2)贯穿一段时间fromthebeginningtotheend

eg:

ItkeepsrainingthroughApril.

(3)经历,经受(困难,考验)pastabarrier,test

eg:

Hehasgonethroughthewholeevent.

(4)通过某种途径bymeansof

eg:

TheAmericanpeoplewontheirfreedomthroughstruggle.

(5)由于...,因...关系asaresultof

eg:

Theaccidenthappenedthroughhiscarelessness.

adv

(1)从一端到另一端,通过

fromonesidetotheother

Eg:

Thefloodwastoodeeptodrivethrouth.

(2)自始至终frombeginningtotheend

Eg:

Don’ttellmehowthestoryends---Ihaven’treaditallthewaythroughyet.

(3)接通connectedbytelephone

Eg:

Itriedtocallyou,butcouldn’tgetthrough.

【常见搭配】

作介词时:

一.动词+(through+名词)

(1)break(throughsth)突围,突破...

(2)come(throughsth)从...中脱险

(3)cut(throughsth)穿过,穿透...;冲破,克服...

(4)drag(throughsth)缓慢穿越,慢慢通过(某障碍)

(5)drive(throughsth)驱车穿越...

(6)drop(throughsth)没能完成...

(7)get(throughsth/sb)

通过...,完成...;电话联系上某人,使某人理解

(8)go(throughsth)通过...;搜查...;复习...

(9)put(throughsth)完成,执行...;通过...

(10)live(throughsth)度过,经受住...

(11)look(throughsth)浏览...;详尽检查...

(12)see(throughsth)看穿,识破

(13)pullsbthrough使...克服困难;度过危机

(14)bringsb(throughsth)使某人脱离...

(15)carry(throughsth)实现...,坚持下去...

(16)check(throughsth)查看,校阅...

(17)follow(throughsth)将...贯彻到底

(18)look(throughsth)检查,浏览...

(22)run(throughsth)回顾,总结...;刺过...;挥霍...

(20)smile(throughsth)笑对...

(22)think(throughsth)彻底全面地考虑...

(23)walksbthrough帮...排练

作副词时:

二.名词+动词+through

(1)sthcomethrough...传来,传到

(2)sb/sthfallthrough...失败,落空

36、throughout

【原始含义】

through+out“全部包括”

【引申含义】

(1)在整个...地区inorintoeverypartofsth

eg:

Thegoodnewshasspreadthroughoutthecountry.

(2)在整个...时间duringthewholeperiodoftimeofsth

eg:

Hehasbeenfeelingbadthroughouttheday.

37、to

【原始含义】

“去、到,强调目的、方向”

【引申含义】:

prep.

(1)“到”某个位置、方向

inthedirectionofsth;towardssth

eg:

gotoschool

(2)“到”某个时间、数目

theendorlimitofarangeorperiodoftime

eg:

Don’tleavethingstothelastmoment.

(3)“到”某个状态

reachingaparticularstate

eg:

Themusiccanputyoutosleepinashortwhile.

(4)“对着”某个对象

thepersonorthingthatreceivessth

eg:

Don’tyelltome.

(5)“对于”某个对象

thepersonorthingthatisaffectedbyanaction

eg:

Itisimportanttome.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(to+名词)

(1)add(tosth)增添,增加...

(2)amount(tosth)总数达...

(3)answer(tosth)对...做出反应

(4)apologize(tosb)(forsth)因某事向某人道歉

(5)appeal(tosb)恳求...;吸引...

(6)apply(tosb)(规章、制度等)适用于...

(7)aspire(tosth)渴望,追求...

(8)attend(tosb)照看...

(9)awake(tosth)觉醒,意识到..

(10)belong(tosb/sth)属于...

(11)cling(tosb/sth)紧紧抓住...;坚持...

(12)come(tosth/sb)涉及某事;某人突然想起...

(13)contribute(tosth)有助于...

(14)correspond(tosth)与...相符

(15)happen(tosb)...发生在某人身

(16)lead(tosth)导致...

(17)object(tosth)反对...

(18)occur(tosb)(主意,想法等)出现在某人的脑海

(19)point(tosb/sth)指向,针对...

(20)refer(tosb/sth)提到,涉及...;查阅...

(21)reply(tosth)回复...

(22)respond(tosth)对...做出反应

(23)return(tosth)回到...

(24)run(tosth)达到...

(25)see(tosb/sth)照看

(26)stick(tosth)坚持,坚守...

(27)yield(tosb/sth)顺从,屈服于...

(28)turn(tosb/sth)向...求助

(29)turnadeafear(tosth)对...充耳不闻

(30)turnablindeye(tosth)对...视而不见

(31)attachA(toB)将A连接到B;将A赋予B

(32)preferA(toB)相比B更喜欢A

(33)oweA(toB)把A归因于B

(34)drawsb’sattention(tosth)使某人注意到...

(35)payattention(tosb/sth)注意...

(36)dogood/harm(tosb)对某人有益/有害

(37)dodamage(tosb/sth)对...造成损害

(38)dojustice(tosb/sth)公平对待...

(39)fallvictim(tosth)成为...的受害者

(40)get/haveaccess(tosb/sth)有机会接近...

(41)getdown(tosth)开始认真做...

(42)givebirth(tosth)产生,孕育...

(43)giverise(tosth)引起,导致...

(44)giveway(tosth)屈服于...

(45)giveplace(tosth)让位于,被~~所替代

(46)helponeself(tosth)未经许可自取...

(47)holdfast(tosth)坚持...

(48)introduceA(toB)把A介绍给B

(49)lookforward(tosth)期待...

(50)payavisit(tosb)拜访...

(51)drivesb(todespair)/(todesperation)逼得...走投无路

(52)reducesb(tosilence)/(totears)

使...静默;使...流泪

二、be+形容词+(to+名词)

(1)get/become/beused(tosth/doingsth)习惯于...

(2)beaccustomed/adapted/adjusted(tosth/doingsth)适应了...;习惯于...

(3)beaccessible(tosb/sth)可接近...;可用...

(4)beaddicted(tosth/doingsth)沉迷于...

(5)bealert(tosb/sth)对...警觉

(6)beallergic(tosth)对...过敏

(7)beawake(tosth)对...觉察到,意识到

(8)bebeneficial(tosb/sth)对...有益处

(9)beblind(tosth)对...视而不见,一无所知

(10)beclose(tosb/sth)接近,靠近...

(11)becommitted/devoted/dedicated(tosth/doingsth)献身于...

(12)becontrary(tosth)违反,反对...

(13)bedeaf(tosth)对...听不进

(14)bedear(tosb)对...珍贵的

(15)bedue(tosth)由于...

(16)beengaged(tosb)与...订婚

(17)beequal(tosth)等于...;能胜任...

(18)beessential(tosb/sth)对...必不可少的

(19)befair(tosb)对...是公平的

(20)befaithful/loyal(tosb/sth)对...忠诚

(21)befamiliar(tosb)为...熟知

(22)begiven(tosth)有...倾向

(23)beinferior(tosb/sth)低于...;次于...

(24)besuperior(tosb/sth)高于...;优于...

(25)beinvaluable(tosb)对...的价值极宝贵

(26)beinvisible(tosth)对...是看不见的

(27)beirresistible(tosb)对...是不可抗拒的

(28)bemarried(tosb)与...结婚

(29)beharmful(tosb/sth)对...有害

(30)bemerciful/sympathetic(tosb)对...怜悯

(31)benative(tosth)原产于...

(32)beobliged(tosb)(forsth)因某事感谢某人

(33)beopposed(tosb/sth)反对...

(34)beopposite(tosth)与...相对

(35)bepeculiar(tosb/sth)为...所独有

(36)bepriorto(sb/sth)比...重要

(37)bepolite(tosb)对...礼貌

(38)berelated(tosb)与...有血亲/婚姻关系

(39)berelative(tosb/sth)有关...;涉及...

(40)beresponsible(tosb/sth)对...负责

(41)besensitive(tosth)对...敏感

(42)besimilar(tosb/sth)与...相似

三、to+名词

(1)(toone’sjoy/delight)令...高兴的是

(2)(toone’ssurprise)令...惊喜,惊奇的是

(3)(toone’ssorrow)令...悲伤的是

(4)(toone’sshame)令...惭愧的是

(5)(toone’sadvantage/disadvantage)

对...有利/不利的是

(6)(toone’sembarrassment)令...窘迫的是

(7)(toone’shorror)令...恐惧的是

(8)(tosomedegree)有点,稍微,到某种程度

(9)(tothepoint)中肯,扼要,到点子上

(10)(toone’staste)合...的口味

38、toward(s)

【原始含义】

to+ward“方向、趋势”

【引申含义】:

prep.

(1)表示动作的方向inthedirectionofsb/sth

eg:

Herantowardtohorizon.

(2)对于inrelationtosb/sth

eg:

Shehasamixedfeelingtowardshim.

(3)朝向...,快要达到...

eg:

Theyarrivedattheairporttowardsfouro’clock.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(towards+名词)

(1)advance(towardssth)向...推进

(2)incline/tend(towardssth)倾向于,易于...

(3)work(towardssth/doingsth)努力达到...

二.名词+(towards+名词)

(1)affection(towardssth)对...的喜爱

(2)attitude(towardssth)对...的态度

(3)contribution(towardssth)对...的贡献

(4)preference(towardssth)对...的优待,优惠

(5)tendency/trend(towardssth)...的趋势

39、under

【原始含义】

“在...正下方”prep.

【引申含义】

(1)在某物之下below

eg:

Thedoglikessittingunderthetable.

(2)低于lessthan

eg:

It’spopulationisunder2000.

(3)受...支配whoorwhatcontrols

eg:

Wewillbeveryhappytoworkunderhisleadership.

(4)在某一情况的控制下,在...过程中

eg:

Theroadisunderrepair.

Undernocircumstanceshouldyoudothat.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(under+名词)

(2)fall(understh)归入,列为...;受...领导

(3)get(understh)隐藏在...下;控制,镇压...

(4)get(undersb’sskin)惹恼某人

(5)hold(undersb/sth)控制,统治...

(6)keep(undersb/sth)使...镇静;统治,控制...

(7)keepsb(underobservation) 严密监视...

(8)live(undersb/sth)经历...的统治

二、under+名词

(1)(under control) 被控制住 

(2)(under discussion/dispute)在讨论中/在争议中

(3)(under pressure) 在压力下

(4)(under repair)  在修理中 

(5)(under examination)在检查中 

(6)(under construction) 在建设中

(7)(under consideration)  在考虑中

  (8)(under investigation) 在调查中

 (9)(under development) 在发展中 

(10)(under process) 在过程中 

(11)(under the sun)  在世界上,任何地方;究竟

(12)(under way) 进行中,在行进 

(13)(under fire) 遭到炮火射击,受到攻击 

(14)(under the circumstances)  

在这种情况下, 因为这种情况

 (15)(under no circumstances)

决不,在任何情况下都不

(16)(under one’s guidance) 在…指导下

(17)(underage)未成年的;未达到规定年龄的

(18)(underthemaskofsth)借...的名义

(19)(undersuspicion)受怀疑,涉嫌

(20)undertheillusion/impressionthat+句子误以为...;原以为...;错以为...

40、until/till

【原始含义】

“某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点”

uptothepointintimeorthepointmentioned

eg:

Ishallgoonworkinguntilnextweek.

Inanycase,it’sbettertowaituntiltomorrow.

【常见搭配】

一、until的搭配

not...until...直到...才...

eg:

Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.

Ididn’trealizeheisChineseuntilhespoke.

41、up

【原始含义】

“向上,从一个起点循序渐进地增加的过程”(动态)

【引申含义】

prep.

(1)向...上面,由...向上toorinahigherplacesomewhere

eg:

Heranupthehill.

(2)沿着马路、沿着河alongaroadorriver

eg:

Heliveduptheriver.

Wewalkedtogetherupthegardenpath.

(3)抽象意义上的向上,朝积极方向发展

developtowardsapositivedirection

eg:

Cheeryourselfup!

It’snothingofabigdeal.

adv.

(1)向上,在上面towardsorinahigherposition

Eg:

Hejumpedupfromthechair.

(2)加大,增高atahigerlevel

Eg:

Pricesaregoingup.

(3)向北方

Eg:

Theyhavemovedupnorth.

(4)完全地,彻底地completely

Eg:

Theriverhasdriedup.

(5)结束,关闭

Eg:

Ihavesomeworktofinishu

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