过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化.docx
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过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化
过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化
构成规则
构成
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
1.规则动词:
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。
(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived
(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped—dropped
2.过去分词不规则变化表
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。
(共9个)
cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词 读音不同[1])set-set-setshut-shut-shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。
(共41个)
1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。
(4个)
bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thoughtfight-fought-fought
2.词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。
(4个)
build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent
3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。
(2个)
catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught
4.把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。
(3个)
keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept
5.把-ell变为-old。
(2个)
tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold
6.把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。
(4个)
smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt
7.把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。
(4个)
feed-fed-fedlead-led-ledspeed-sped-spedmeet-met-met
8.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。
(3个)
learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt
9.过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(4个)
say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard
10.改变元音字母。
(11个)
meet—met—metfeed-fed-fedget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost
11.改变辅音字母。
(4个)
make—made—madebuild-built-builtsend-sent-sentspend-spent-spent
12.改变元、辅音字母。
(4个)
leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave(has)—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。
(共37个)
1.i—a—u变化。
(7个)
begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunkspring-sprang-sprung
2.词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。
(5个)
blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown(show除外)
3.词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。
(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen
4.过去分词在过去式后加n。
(1个)
wake—woke—woken
5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。
(2个)
get-got-gottenforget—forgot—forgotten
6.过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。
(6个)
be—was(were)—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden(hid)
7.词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
(2个)
take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken
8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。
(6个)
do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn
9.词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变为-oke,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
(2个)
break—broke—brokenspeak—spoke—spoken
10.词中间为“oo+辅(1个)+e”或“ee+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在原形词后加-n。
(2个)
choose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozen
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。
(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。
(3个)
1.词中间为“o+辅(1个)+e”时,过去式将o变为a。
(2个)
come—came—comebecome—became—become
2.u—a—u变化。
(1个)
run—ran—run
六、情态动词型,(除must外)只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。
(4个)
can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—shouldmust既没有过去式也没有过去分词
动词原形过去式过去分词
arisearosearisen
awakeawoke/awakedawoken
bewas/werebeen
bearboreborne(携带)/born(出生)
beatbeatbeaten
becomebecamebecome
beginbeganbegun
befallbefellbefallen
bendbentbent
betbetbet
bindboundbound
bitebitbitten/bit
bleedbledbled
blendblendedblent
blessblessedblest
blowblewblown
breakbrokebroken
breedbredbred
bringbroughtbrought
broadcastbroadcast/broadcastedbroadcast/broadcasted
buildbuiltbuilt
burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned
burstburstburst
buyboughtbought
castcastcast
catchcaughtcaught
choosechosechosen
cleaveclove/cleftcloven/cleft
clingclungclung
clotheclothed/cladclothed/clad
comecamecome
costcostcost
creepcreptcrept
crowcrowed/crewcrowed
cutcutcut
daredared/durstdared
dealdealtdealt
digdugdug
dodiddone
drawdrewdrawn
dreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamed
drinkdrankdrunk
drivedrovedriven
dwelldweltdwelt
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
feedfedfed
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought
findfoundfound
fleefledfled
flingflungflung
flyflewflown
forbidforbade/forbadforbidden
forecastforecast/forecastedforecast/forecasted
forgetforgotforgotten
forgiveforgaveforgiven
freezefrozefrozen
gainsaygainsaidgainsaid
getgotgotten
gildgilded/giltgilded
girdgirded/girtgirded/girt
givegavegiven
gowentgone
gravegravedgraven/graved
grindgroundground
growgrewgrown
hanghung/hangedhung/hanged
havehadhad
hearheardheard
heaveheaved/hovehesved/hove
hidehidhidden
hithithit
holdheldheld
hurthurthurt
keepkeptkept
kneelkneltknelt
knowknewknown
ladeladedladen
laylaidlaid
leadledled
leanlesnt/leanedlesnt/leaned
leapleapt/leapedleapt/leaped
learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned
leaveleftleft
lendlentlent
letletlet
lielaylain
lightlit/lightedlit/lighted
loselostlost
makemademade
meanmeantmeant
meetmetmet
meltmeltedmeited/molten
mistakemistookmistaken
misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood
outgrowoutgrewoutgrown
overcomeovercameovercome
overseeoversawoverseen
paypaidpaid
proveprovedproved/proven
putputput
quitquitted/quitquitted/quit
readreadread
rendrentrent
rideroderidden
ringrangrung
riseroserisen
riverivedriven/rived
runranrun
sawsawedsawn/sawed
saysaidsaid
seesawseen
seeksoughtsought
sellsoldsold
sendsentsent
setsetset
sewsewedsewn/sewed
shakeshookshaken
shaveshavedshaved/shaven
shearshearedsheared/shorn
shedshedshed
shineshoneshone
shoeshodshod
shootshotshot
showshowedshown/showed
shrinkshrank/shrunkshrunk/shrunken
shriveshrove/shrivedshriven/shrived
shutshutshut
singsang/sungsung
sinksank/sunksunk/sunken
sitsatsat
slayslewslain
sleepsleptslept
slideslidslid
slingslungslung
slinkslunkslunk
slitslitslit
smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled
smitesmotesmitten
sowsowedsown/sowed
speakspokespoken
speedsped/speededsped/speeded
spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled
spendspentspent
spillspilt/spilledspilt/spilled
spinspun/spanspun
spitspat/spitspat/spit
spoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoiled
spreadspreadspread
springsprang/sprungsprung
standstoodstood
stavestaved/stovestaved/stove
stealstolestolen
stickstuckstuck
stingstungstung
swearsworesworn
sweepsweptswept
swellswelledswollen/swelled
swimswamswum
swingswungswung
taketooktaken
teachtaughttaught
teartoretorn
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
throwthrewthrown
thrustthrustthrust
treadtrodtrodden/trod
upsetupsetupset
wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked
wearworeworn
weavewovewoven
weepweptwept
winwonwon
windwoundwound
workworked/wroughtworked/wrought
wringwrungwrung
writewrotewritten
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