过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化.docx

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过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化.docx

过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化

过去分词的规则变化和不规则变化

构成规则

构成

主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)

1.规则动词:

规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则:

(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。

(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)

work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。

live---lived

(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”。

study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。

stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped—dropped

2.过去分词不规则变化表

一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

(共9个)

cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词 读音不同[1])set-set-setshut-shut-shut

二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。

(共41个)

1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。

(4个)

bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thoughtfight-fought-fought

2.词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。

(4个)

build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent

3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。

(2个)

catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught

4.把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。

(3个)

keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept

5.把-ell变为-old。

(2个)

tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold

6.把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。

(4个)

smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt 

7.把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。

(4个)

feed-fed-fedlead-led-ledspeed-sped-spedmeet-met-met

8.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。

(3个)

learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt

9.过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(4个)

say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard 

10.改变元音字母。

(11个)

meet—met—metfeed-fed-fedget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost 

11.改变辅音字母。

(4个)

make—made—madebuild-built-builtsend-sent-sentspend-spent-spent

12.改变元、辅音字母。

(4个)

leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave(has)—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。

(共37个)

1.i—a—u变化。

(7个)

begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunkspring-sprang-sprung

2.词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。

(5个)

blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown(show除外)

3.词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。

(4个)(give,hide除外)

drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen

4.过去分词在过去式后加n。

(1个)

wake—woke—woken

5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。

(2个)

get-got-gottenforget—forgot—forgotten

6.过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。

(6个)

be—was(were)—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden(hid)

7.词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。

(2个)

take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken

8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。

(6个)

do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn

9.词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变为-oke,过去分词在原形词后加-n。

(2个)

break—broke—brokenspeak—spoke—spoken

10.词中间为“oo+辅(1个)+e”或“ee+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在原形词后加-n。

(2个)

choose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozen

四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。

(1个)

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。

(3个)

1.词中间为“o+辅(1个)+e”时,过去式将o变为a。

(2个)

come—came—comebecome—became—become

2.u—a—u变化。

(1个)

run—ran—run

六、情态动词型,(除must外)只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。

(4个)

can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—shouldmust既没有过去式也没有过去分词

动词原形过去式过去分词

arisearosearisen

awakeawoke/awakedawoken

bewas/werebeen

bearboreborne(携带)/born(出生)

beatbeatbeaten

becomebecamebecome

beginbeganbegun

befallbefellbefallen

bendbentbent

betbetbet

bindboundbound

bitebitbitten/bit

bleedbledbled

blendblendedblent

blessblessedblest

blowblewblown

breakbrokebroken

breedbredbred

bringbroughtbrought

broadcastbroadcast/broadcastedbroadcast/broadcasted

buildbuiltbuilt

burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned

burstburstburst

buyboughtbought

castcastcast

catchcaughtcaught

choosechosechosen

cleaveclove/cleftcloven/cleft

clingclungclung

clotheclothed/cladclothed/clad

comecamecome

costcostcost

creepcreptcrept

crowcrowed/crewcrowed

cutcutcut

daredared/durstdared

dealdealtdealt

digdugdug

dodiddone

drawdrewdrawn

dreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamed

drinkdrankdrunk

drivedrovedriven

dwelldweltdwelt

eatateeaten

fallfellfallen

feedfedfed

feelfeltfelt

fightfoughtfought

findfoundfound

fleefledfled

flingflungflung

flyflewflown

forbidforbade/forbadforbidden

forecastforecast/forecastedforecast/forecasted

forgetforgotforgotten

forgiveforgaveforgiven

freezefrozefrozen

gainsaygainsaidgainsaid

getgotgotten

gildgilded/giltgilded

girdgirded/girtgirded/girt

givegavegiven

gowentgone

gravegravedgraven/graved

grindgroundground

growgrewgrown

hanghung/hangedhung/hanged

havehadhad

hearheardheard

heaveheaved/hovehesved/hove

hidehidhidden

hithithit

holdheldheld

hurthurthurt

keepkeptkept

kneelkneltknelt

knowknewknown

ladeladedladen

laylaidlaid

leadledled

leanlesnt/leanedlesnt/leaned

leapleapt/leapedleapt/leaped

learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned

leaveleftleft

lendlentlent

letletlet

lielaylain

lightlit/lightedlit/lighted

loselostlost

makemademade

meanmeantmeant

meetmetmet

meltmeltedmeited/molten

mistakemistookmistaken

misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood

outgrowoutgrewoutgrown

overcomeovercameovercome

overseeoversawoverseen

paypaidpaid

proveprovedproved/proven

putputput

quitquitted/quitquitted/quit

readreadread

rendrentrent

rideroderidden

ringrangrung

riseroserisen

riverivedriven/rived

runranrun

sawsawedsawn/sawed

saysaidsaid

seesawseen

seeksoughtsought

sellsoldsold

sendsentsent

setsetset

sewsewedsewn/sewed

shakeshookshaken

shaveshavedshaved/shaven

shearshearedsheared/shorn

shedshedshed

shineshoneshone

shoeshodshod

shootshotshot

showshowedshown/showed

shrinkshrank/shrunkshrunk/shrunken

shriveshrove/shrivedshriven/shrived

shutshutshut

singsang/sungsung

sinksank/sunksunk/sunken

sitsatsat

slayslewslain

sleepsleptslept

slideslidslid

slingslungslung

slinkslunkslunk

slitslitslit

smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled

smitesmotesmitten

sowsowedsown/sowed

speakspokespoken

speedsped/speededsped/speeded

spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled

spendspentspent

spillspilt/spilledspilt/spilled

spinspun/spanspun

spitspat/spitspat/spit

spoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoiled

spreadspreadspread

springsprang/sprungsprung

standstoodstood

stavestaved/stovestaved/stove

stealstolestolen

stickstuckstuck

stingstungstung

swearsworesworn

sweepsweptswept

swellswelledswollen/swelled

swimswamswum

swingswungswung

taketooktaken

teachtaughttaught

teartoretorn

telltoldtold

thinkthoughtthought

throwthrewthrown

thrustthrustthrust

treadtrodtrodden/trod

upsetupsetupset

wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked

wearworeworn

weavewovewoven

weepweptwept

winwonwon

windwoundwound

workworked/wroughtworked/wrought

wringwrungwrung

writewrotewritten

 

 

 

 

 

 

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