学年北京市昌平区北七家中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析.docx

学年北京市昌平区北七家中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析.docx

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学年北京市昌平区北七家中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2020-2021学年北京市昌平区北七家中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

Duringancienttimes,childrendidn’thavesmartphones,iPadorcomputerstoentertainthemselves.Instead,theycameupwithinterestinggamestoplay.

★Stoneballs

DuringtheQingDynasty,kickingastoneballaroundwasapopularsportinthenorthernpartofChina,anditwasoftenplayedinthewintertoprotectkidsfromthecold.Stoneswerecarvedintosmallballsandkickedalongwithfeet.In1999,thesportwasincludedinthe6thNationalEthnicGroupTraditionalSportsMeetingheldinBeijing.

★Flyingkites

Kiteshavequitealonghistory.Theearliestkitesweremadeofwood,insteadofpaper.Nowadays,thefourmostfamouskitesaretheBeijingkite,Tianjinkite,WeifangkiteandNantongkite,ofwhicheachhasdistinctivefeatures.Thekitewhichresemblesaswallowisawell-knownBeijingstyle.

★Hide-and-seek

Hide-and-seekisatraditionalgameforchildren,populararoundthenation.Therearetwowaystoplay:

coveringachild’seyeswhileotherkidsrunaroundtotease（戏弄）himor,morecommonly,participantshideandonechildmusttrytofindthem.

★Playingdiabolos

Adiaboloisalwaysmadeofwoodorbambooandhasemptyspaceinthecenter.Byjuggling（边抛边接）thediaboloontherope,thehigh-speedspinningdiaboloswillmakeasoundlikeawhistle.Playingdiabolosisaninterestingfolkgame,especiallypopularinNorthChina.Playingdiaboloswasalsoincludedinthefirstgroupofnationalintangibleculturalheritage（非物质文化遗产）.

1.Whydidancientchildrenoftenplaystoneballsinthewinter?

A.Topracticetheirfeet.B.Towarmthemselves.

C.Totraintheirskills.D.Torelaxthemselves.

2.Whichkitesareswallow-shaped?

A.Weifangkites.B.Tianjinkites.

C.Beijingkites.D.Nantongkites.

3.Whydoesplayingdiabolosmakeasound?

A.Becausethediabolo’scenterisempty.

B.Becausethehigh-speedspinningdiaboloislight.

C.Becausethediaboloisequippedwithawhistle.

D.Becauseropes’surfacemovesagainstthediabolo’s.

B

Haveyoueverdonesomethingforsomeoneelse—knowingthatyouractionswouldsolelybenefitTHEMandnotYOU?

Maybeyouopenedadoorordonatedbloodorvolunteeredinahospital’sERduringthepandemic.Thisiscalledaprosocialbehavior.Humansengageinthesetypesofbehaviorsallthetime.

Butaquestionremainsinscience:

Arewetheonlyspecieswhodothis?

Asoneofoutclosests,chimpanzeeshavelongbeenstudiedforsignsofthis.Sofar,researchhasprovidedmixedresultsonthequestion.

Somestudiesshowthatchimpscooperativelyhunt,sharefoodandcomforteachother.Butonestudycametoaverydifferentconclusion.Thestudyusedacontrolledlabexperimentwherechimpanzeesinenclosuresweregiventwooptions:

pushabuttontogivefoodtothemselvesorpushthebuttontogivefoodtothemselvesANDapartnerchimp.Iftheychosethelatter,itwasseenasaprosocialbehavior.Buttheresultisthatchimpsshowednospecialpreferencesforfeedingthemselvesandafriendoverfeedingjustthemselves.AnotherstudyconductedbyDeTroy,however,discoveredatotallydifferentresult.

Comparedtopreviouscontrolledlab-basedexperiments,thesetupforDeTroy’sresearchwasverynaturalistic.“Weinstalledabuttonandafountainintothechimpanzees’outerenclosures.Whenanindividualpushesthebutton,itreleasesjuicefromthefountain.However,sincethebuttonandfountainareapproximatelyfivemetersapart,theindividualpushingcannotdirectlydrinkfromthefountain.Andifanyotherchimpanzeesareatthefountainwhenthebuttonispushed,they,andnotthepusher,willbeabletodrinkthejuice.

Inthisexperiment,chimpanzeesshowedawillingnesstoactintheinterestofothers,withindividualchimpanzeespreparedtopushthebuttonwithoutbenefitingthemselves.

“Itisreallyfascinatingtoseethatmanyofthechimpanzeeswerewillingtoprosociallyprovidevaluableresourcestothegroupmemberseveniftheycouldn’tbenefitthemselvesfromtheirbehavior.”saidDeTroy.

Furtherresearchmayrevealwhatliesbehindtheirprosocialmotivation.Butfornow,it’ssafetoassumethatchimpanzeesarenotsimplyapinghumanbehavior.

4.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoprosocialbehaviors?

A.Jackparticipatedinvoluntaryworkinthelibraryjusttoearncredits.

B.Markturnedtohisclassmateforhelpwhenfeelingstressfulinstudy.

C.Timguidedalostchildbackhomeonhiswaytoanimportantjobinterview.

D.Roseofteninterruptedtheteachertoaskquestionsactivelyinthemath’sclass.

5.Whatisthetaskofthechimpanzeesinthelab-basedstudy?

A.Sharingfood.B.Makingachoice.

C.Comfortingothers.D.Showingsympathy.

6.HowisDeTroy’sstudydifferentfromthepreviousones?

A.Itwasbasedoncontrolledlabexperiment.

B.Itgavejuicetothechimpanzeesasareward.

C.Itofferedthetestedchimpanzeesanaturalsurrounding.

D.Itprovidedachanceforchimpanzeestohelptheirpartners.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromDeTroy’squotes?

A.Chimpanzeescandevelopabilitiestohelpothers.

B.Chimpanzeeshaveacquiredmanyhumanbehaviors.

C.Chimpanzeesinthewildisclevererthanthoseinthelab.

D.Chimpanzeesdisplayedprosocialbehaviorsforcertainrewards.

C

Haveyoueverbeensadbecauseoffailure?

Pleaseremember,forquiteoftenachievingwhatyousetouttodoisnotthemostimportantthing.

Aboydecidedtodigadeepholebehindhishouse.Ashewasworking,acoupleofolderboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing?

”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigaholeallthewaythroughtheearth!

”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatdiggingaholeallthewaythroughtheearthwasimpossible.Afterawhile,theboypickedupajar.Heshowedittothevisitors.Itwasfullofallkindsofstonesandinsects.Thenhesaidcalmlyandconfidently,“MaybeIcan’tfinishdiggingallthewaythroughtheearth,butlookatwhatI’vefoundduringthisperiod!

”

Theboy’sgoalwasfartoodifficult,butitdidcausehimtogoon.Andthatiswhatagoalisfor－tocauseustomoveinthedirectionwehavechosen,inotherwords,tocauseustokeepworking!

Noteverygoalwillbefullyachieved.Noteveryjobwillendupwithasuccess.Noteverydreamwillcometrue.Butwhenyoufallshortofyouraim,maybeyoucansay,“Yes,butlookatwhatI’vefoundalongtheway!

TherearesomanywonderfulthingshavingcomeintomylifebecauseItriedtodosomething!

”Itisinthediggingthatlifeislived.Itistheunexpectedjoyonthejourneythatreallymakessense.

8.Theolderboyslaughedattheboybecausehewasthoughttobe______.

A.brave

B.impolite

C.foolish

D.warm-hearted

9.Whydidtheboyshowthejartotheolderboys?

A.Todrivethemaway.

B.Toshowwhathehadfoundindigging.

C.Toshowhowbeautifulthejarwas.

D.Toattractthemtojoinhiminthework.

10.Whatcanbelearntfromthefourthparagraphofthetext?

A.Nodreamcancometrue.

B.Allworkwillendsuccessfully.

C.Goalsshouldn’tbesettoohigh.

D.Goalswillmakeusworkharder.

11.Thebesttitleforthetextshouldbe______.

A.ABoyDugaHole

B.JoyintheJourney

C.NoPain,NoGains

D.FailureIstheMotherofSuccess

D

TheraceskywardsbeganinAmerica.Inthelate1800s,industrializationhaddrivenurbanpopulationsandlandpricesup,makingtallbuildingsincreasinglycost-effective,accordingtoCarolWillis,directoroftheSkyscraperMuseuminNewYork,“Theveryfirsttallbuildingswereofficebuildingsthatconcentratedaworkforce,piledoneontopoftheotherinordertomakebusinessveryefficient,”shesays.

Likeallmajorchangesinarchitecture,thetrendwasunderpinnedbyengineering.Thedevelopmentofsteelframework,whichcouldbeusedinsteadofload-bearingstones,madeiteasierandcheapertobuildtall.Thecomingoftheelevator,meanwhile,madelivingonhigherfloorsfarmoreconvenient.

Thoughsimilarinshape,today'sskyscrapers（摩天大楼）looklittlelikethosebuiltinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury.Thisismostlythankstoarchitecture'snextmajortechnologicalshift：

thecurtainwall.

Postwardevelopmentsinmanufacturingmeantthathugepanesofglasscouldbeproducedquicklyanduniformly,andglasswindowssoonbecamethefrontofchoiceforhigh-rises.Aswellasallowingforgreaterfloorspaceandmorenaturallight,glassexteriors（外部）help.buildingsresistgreaterwindloads.

Therearenow191completedskyscrapersthatareatleast300meterstall.Butthatdoesn'tmeanourcitieswillgrowtallerindefinitely.Whileeachadditionalstoryaddssellablefloorspace,constructioncostsalsorise.Allbuildingsreachapointwhereaddinganextrafloorwillcostmoremoneythanitbrings.

“Everycitywantstohavethislandmarkthatgivesthatsenseofdistinctculture,”butitalsoneedsplacesforpeopletoliveandworkinurbansettings“withoutthecitysprawling（无序扩张）,”explainsHongKongarchitectSimonChan.

Thenextbigchallengefacingarchitectsgoesbeyondheight：

Atatimewhenbuildingsandtheirconstructionaccountformorethanathirdoftheworld'senergyconsumptionandcontributeabout40%ofgreenhousegasemissions（排放）,therearenewcoststoconsider.

Whetherit'semployingmoreenergy-efficientmaterials,encouragingnaturalairorusingbuildingsthemselvestogeneratesolarorwindenergy,reducingcarbonemissionsisthenewfrontierformanyskyscraperarchitects.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Created.B.Prepared.

C.Suggested.D.Supported.

13.Whatmadelivingonhigherfloorsmuchmoreconvenient?

A.Thedevelopment