八年级英语下第一轮复习 unit 58 鲁教版知识精讲.docx
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八年级英语下第一轮复习unit58鲁教版知识精讲
八年级英语(下)第一轮复习Unit5-8鲁教版
【本讲教育信息】
一、教学内容:
第一轮复习八年级(下)Unit5-8
(一)重点短语
(二)重点句型
二、知识总结与归纳
(一)重点短语
1.prefersth.
2.remindsb.ofsth.
3.ondisplay
4.thebest-knownChinesephotographer
5.interestsb.
6.aworld-classphotographer
7.tobehonest
8.six-monthEnglishcourse
9.suitsb.fine
10.bebadfor
11.stayawaywith…
12.beinagreement
13.increasetheriskofcancer
14.takeiteasy
15.alivelycity
16.fantasticsights
17.ingeneral
18.translatethings
19.providesb.withsth.
20.thePacific
21.thousandsof
22.assoonaspossible
23.continuedoingsth.
24.bewillingtodosth.
25.quiteafew
26.dreamofdoingsth.
27.holdontosth.
28.cometrue
29.cleanup
30.stophunger
31.cheerupsickkids
32.giveoutadvertisements
33.putoff
34.setup
35.thinkup
36.takeafter
37.fixup
38.giveaway
39.putup
40.askfor
41.handout
42.workout
43.fillone’slifewithpleasure
44.beblind
45.unabletodosth.
46.shutdoors
47.carrythings
48.helpsb.out
49.aspeciallytraineddog
50.fetchthebook
51.atonce
52.beappreciated
53.donatemoneyto…
54.bathingsuit
55.watertheplant
56.cleanouttherefrigerator
57.getbacktosb.
58.chopwood
59.lightthefire
60.onthefarm
61.winanaward
62.ahitCD
63.appearonCCTV
64.leadsinger
65.someday
66.beoff
67.it’sone’sturn
68.themailbox
69.overseasChinese
70.thelocalgovernmentofGuangdong
71.sofar
72.insouthernChina
73.goforwalks
74.thanksto
75.believestrongly
76.thepurposeof…
77.abigstepforsb.
78.lookforwardtodoing
(二)重点句型
1.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.
句中that引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词music。
danceto意为“伴随……跳舞”,to是介词,意为“按照;随着”。
如:
Janeisdancingtolyricmusic.
完成句子:
他们伴着优美的音乐翩翩起舞。
They thebeautifulmusic.
dancewithsb.表示“与某人一起跳舞”。
如:
Wouldyouliketodancewithme?
2.IlistenedtoonecalledHeartStrings.
句中的calledHeartStrings是v.-ed短语作后置定语,修饰前面的代词one,相当于一个定语从句thatiscalledHeartStrings。
如:
MysisterboughtabookcalledWhoMovedMyCheese.
改为同义句:
ThemoviewhichwasdirectedbyAnnLeewontheprizeagain.
Themovie AnnLeewontheprizeagain.
3.Itdoeshaveafewgoodfeatures,though.
(1)在动词前面加助动词do/does/did,起加强语气的作用。
如:
IdothinkTombehavedbadlyjustnow.
(2)though作副词,置于句末,前面用逗号隔开,用于口语中,意思是“可是;不过;然而”。
如:
I’mabitofcold.It’snothingmuch,though.
[练习]
(1)改为强调句:
LiuYanwonthefirstplaceinyesterday’scompetition.
LiuYan thefirstplaceinyesterday’scompetition.
(2)根据汉语提示填写单词:
Tonysaidhewouldcome.Hedidn’t, (然而).
though还可作连词,引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”。
如:
Thoughtheroomissmall,itispleasantandairy(通风的).
4.Whateveryoudo,don’tmissthisexhibition.
(1)whatever意为“无论什么,不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwhat。
如:
WhateverIsuggest,LiuLingalwaysdisagrees.
(2)whatever也可引导主语从句、宾语从句等,此时不能用nomatterwhat替换。
如:
InMrsLi’seyes,whateverhersondoesisright.(主语从句)
Ialwaysbelievewhateveryousay(宾语从句)
(3)whatever还可作形容词,修饰名词。
如:
She’lltakewhateverhelpshecanget.
[练习]
(1)改为同义句:
Whateverhappens,IwillneverforgetwhatIhavesaid.
happens,IwillneverforgetwhatIhavesaid.
(2)翻译填空:
无论你在哪里,我都会想你的。
,Iwillbethinkingofyou.
“疑问词+ever”构成的其他词还有wherever,whenever,whoever,whichever,whomever等。
5.It’sagreatplacetovisitandI’mluckytobehereformysix-monthEnglishcourse.
句中有两个动词不定式,但用法不同:
(1)tovisit作定语,与所修饰的名词place是动宾关系。
又如:
Thenextthingtodoistolookthroughtheshoppinglistcarefullyinfiveminutes.
(2)动词不定式todo常位于sorry,glad,lucky,surprised等形容词后作状语。
如:
I’msorrytohavetroubledyousomuch.
[练习]翻译下列句子:
(1)I’mverypleasedtobeinvitedtotalkhere.
(2)Duringthesummervacation,Dadboughtmemanybookstoread.
6.IhopetoseeNiagaraFallssomeday.
Ihopeyoucanprovidemewithsomeinformationaboutthekindsofvacationsthatyourfirmcanoffer.
(1)hope作“希望”讲,后接动词不定式或宾语从句。
如:
Ihopetotravelaroundtheworldoneday.
Ihopeyouarereadynow.
(2)someday表示“(将来)某一天”。
另外,oneday也可表示“(将来)某一天”。
如:
Mybrotherhopestobeafamousdoctorsomeday.
[练习]
(1)动词填空:
Mybrotherhopes (pass)theEnglishexamtomorrow.
(2)改错:
Ihopeyoutocometomeetmyfamily.
[拓展延伸]
hope与wish都可表示“希望”,但用法有异。
共同点:
hope/wishtodosth.
hope/wish+that从句的不同点:
wishsb.sth.,wishsb.todosth.,hope则不可这样用。
如:
Iwishyougoodluck.
Iwishyoutotryyourbesttostudy.
7.Franceisquiteanexpensiveplace.
quite作副词,意为“相当;非常”,修饰名词时的结构为:
quitea/an+形容词+单数名词;rather位于冠词前后都可以;very常位于形容词前,其结构为:
a/an+very+形容词+名词。
如:
Itisquiteagoodidea.=Itisratheragoodidea.=Itisarathergoodidea.=Itisaverygoodidea.
[练习]改错:
Westillhavequitelongwaytogo.
8.Theroomneedstobebigenoughforthreepeople.
形容词/副词+enough(forsb.)+todosth.意为“足够……(让某人)做某事”;not+形容词/副词+enough(forsb.)+todosth.不够……以至于(让某人)不能做某事,相当于too…to…结构。
如:
Theboyrunsfastenoughtocatchanyoneelseinhisclass.
Thebookisnoteasyenoughforyoutoread.
[练习]
改为同义句:
Thetextsarenoteasyenoughforthechildrentounderstand.
Thetextsare difficultforthechildren understand.
9.We’dliketobeawayforaboutthreeweeks.
beaway意为“离开”,后接宾语时用“beawayfrom…”,表示一种状态,这种状态可延续一段时间,而leave为短暂性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:
[误]DoyouknowhowlongLisahasleft?
[正]DoyouknowhowlongLisahasbeenaway?
[练习]翻译句子:
班会已经开了半个小时了。
[拓展延伸]
英语中常用的短暂性动词与延续性动词转换如下:
borrow→keep,buy→have,die→bedead,begin/start→beon,arrive/getto→behere/there,join→bein/beamemberof
10.Herearesomeofthefindingsofasurveyabouthopesanddreams,inwhichthousandsofstudentsacrossChinatookpart.
画线部分是一个非限制性定语从句(用逗号和前面的主句隔开),先行词是survey。
定语从句中的takepart与介词in构成固定短语takepartin(参加……),此句中的in提到关系代词之前。
又如:
IlovethetowninwhichIhavelivedforfiveyears.
[练习]
改错:
It’sjustthekindofmusicwhichIamwillingtolisten.
11.
(1)Wehadtoputoffthepicnicbecauseoftherain.
(2)Myroommatedecidedtoputoffgoinghomethissummerholiday.
(3)Thereislittletimeleftfortheactivity.Whynotputitofftillnextweekend?
putoff“推迟;拖延”,后接名词、代词、v.-ing形式。
代词作宾语时需放在put和off中间。
[拓展延伸]含有put的短语还有:
puton穿戴;上演
putup张贴;举起;搭建
putaway放好;收好
putdown放下;记下
putout扑灭、熄灭(火);关灯
putone’sheartinto全神贯注于……
putsth.to(good)use(好好)利用某物
12.
(1)We’dliketovolunteerourmoneytohelpthedisabledchildren.
(2)Thecompanyvolunteeredtodonatefiftytruckstotheearthquake-hitarea.
(3)Thetwinsbothworkasvolunteersinthehospital.
【用法透析】volunteer“自愿献出”。
作动词,volunteer+time/money/…(+todosth.)“献出时间、金钱等(做某事)”;volunteertodosth.“自愿、自告奋勇做某事”。
还可作名词,意为“志愿者”。
13.
(1)Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.
(2)NotonlyyoubutalsoIamresponsibleforit.
notonly…but(also)…意思是“不但……而且……”,also可以省略。
这是一个并列连词短语,可以连接结构相同的词、短语或句子。
连接主语时,谓语动词与but(also)后的主语的人称和数保持一致(即遵循“就近一致原则”)。
neither…nor…和either…or…连接两个主语时,谓语动词也遵循“就近一致原则”。
如:
Neitheryounoranyoneelsebelievessuchthings.
EitherJackorTomisgoingtoattendthemeetinginsteadofme.
14.
(1)OnMonday,hetoldaradiointerviewerthathehadrunoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.
(2)Henowhassixteenbikestofixupandgiveawaytochildrenwhodon’thavebikes.
动词不定式短语可作目的状语;动词不定式短语也可作后置定语,如句
(2)。
15.
(1)Ican’tworkoutthisphysicsproblem.Wouldyouliketohelpmeout?
(2)BoboftenhelpedGrandmaLioutwhenshebecameill./BoboftenhelpedoutGrandmaLiwhenshebecameill.
helpsb.out“帮助某人做某事、解决难题或摆脱困境”,out为副词。
当宾语是代词时置于out前面,但若是名词时则置于out的前后都可以。
【拓展延伸】helpsb.out还可以接with短语,说明进行帮助的方式。
如:
Mumishelpingmeoutwithherencouragementandconfidence.
[练习]
(1)Ihavetoputoff (visit)youbecauseIhavetoomuchworktodoatpresent.(动词填空)
(2)Beingavolunteeratalocalschoolisagreatexperience.(改为同义句)
atalocalschoolisagreatexperience.
(3)李华愿意帮我渡过难关。
(翻译填空)
LiHuawouldliketo .
(4)黄先生不仅去过加拿大,而且还认识了不少加拿大人。
(翻译填空)
Notonly MrHuang toCanada,butalso quiteafewCanadians.
(5)Theysignedanagreement (rent)thehouse.(动词填空)
16.
(1)Waithere.I’llbebackinaminute.
(2)Jacklefttheofficeandhecamebackaftertenminutes.
(3)Mrs.Jacksonwillbewithusinaweek.
inaminute意为“马上;立刻”,与inamoment/inawhile/soon/beforelong同义。
[拓展延伸]in与after表时间的区别:
这两个词都可表示时间概念“在……之后”,后面都可加“时间段”,但in多用于将来时,after多用于一般过去时。
17.
(1)Therearesomanygreentreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
(2)Itissocreativeanidea.=Itissuchacreativeidea.
(3)Itwassuchniceweatheryesterday.
“somany+复数名词”,意为“如此多的……”。
当名词是单数时,一般用“so+adj.+a/an+n.”或“such+a/an+adj.+n.”结构;当名词为复数或不可数名词时,用“such+adj.+n.”结构。
如:
Itissuchbadweatherthatwehavetostayathomeallday.
Theyaresuchgoodbooksthatwewanttoreadthemagainandagain.
18.
(1)ThefilmwasquiteahitinShanghai.
(2)TheyoungsingerhasjustmadeahitCD.
hit作名词,指“成功且风靡一时的事物”,常指电影、歌曲、演出等。
makeahit意为“(演出等)获得成功;轰动一时”。
19.
(1)Halfoftheyoungtreeshavealreadybeenwatered.
(2)Halfofthecakewaseatenbytheboy.
(3)Halfofthemoneyhasbeenusedup.
halfof意为“一半;二分之一”。
作主语时,其谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词是单数还是复数。
20.
(1)Haveyoubeenbacktotheplacewhereyourancestorslived,worked,studiedandplayed?
(2)Thisisthehouseinwhichmyfamilylivedtenyearsago.
句
(1)中,先行词是theplace,后面的定语从句用表示地点的关系副词where引导。
句
(2)中,先行词是thehouse,后面的定语从句用in+关系代词which引导,相当于where。
21.
(1)Thechildrenarereallylookingforwardtotheirbirthdays.
(2)We’relookingforwardtoseeingAuntLiassoonaspossible.
lookforwardto意为“盼望;期望”,其中to是介词,后面接名词或v.-ing