建筑设计外文翻译文献.docx

建筑设计外文翻译文献.docx

《建筑设计外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《建筑设计外文翻译文献.docx（32页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

建筑设计外文翻译文献

建筑设计外文翻译文献

（文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译）

外文：

StructuralDesignofReinforcedConcreteSlopingRoof

Abstract:

Thispaperpointoutcommonmistakesandproblemsinactualengineeringdesignaccordingimmediatelypouredreinforcedconcreteslopingroofespeciallycommonresidentialstructure.ItbringsoutlayoutanddesignconceptusefoldedplateandarchshellstructureinordertoreductionoreliminationbeamandcolumnLayouttoreducecostsandexpandusefunctionforuserofgarret.Thepaperalsodiscussedtheneedtoopentheroofholes,windows,andwithotherdesignwithcomplexforms.Thecorrespondingsimpleapproximatecalculationmethodandthestructuretreatmentalsodescribedinthispaper.

Keywords:

slopingroof;foldedplate;alongplaneload;verticalplaneload

1.Introduction

Inrecentyears,reinforcedconcreteslopeoftheroofhasbeenverycommonseen,thecorrectmethodofit’sdesignneedestablishurgentlyIt’stargetistoabolishorreducetheroofbeamsandcolumns,toobtainbigroomandmaketheroofplate"clean".Thisnotonlybenefitstructurespecialtyitselfbutalsotothedesignofthebuildingprofessionalstodevelopnewfield,andultimatelytoallowusers,propertydevelopersbenefited,andsoithasfar-reachingsignificance.

Inthecommonpracticeengineeringpractice,adesignerinthecalculationofthemechanicalmodeloftenreferredslopingroofasverticalslopingroofundertheprojectionplaneBeam,ortakelevelridge,rampsridgecontourasaframeworkandincreaseunnecessarybeamandtiltcolumn.Infact,thestressissimilarbetweenGeneralsquareplanarhousing,doubleslope,multi-sloperoofandarch,shell.Pingandobliqueridgearefoldedplatelike“A”,whetherlayoutbeamsandcolumns,itsridgelineofthedeformationpatternisdifferentfromtheframeworkfundamentally.Allthesemethodwillmakethedifferencebetweencalculationresultsandrealinternalstructureforce.Duringtheconstructionprocess,housingbackbone,platebiasdepartmenttemplatehascomplexshapes,multi-anglebarsoverlap,installationandcastingisverydifficult.Theseprojectsarecommoninconstructionandisatypicalsuperfluous.Somescholarsusetheelasticshelltheorytoanalyzefoldedplateroof、internalforceanddeformation,revealstheverticalloadslawofsurroundingthebaseisneitherlevelrisenortheverticaldisplacementwhichtosomeextentreflectsthehumpsandshell’sfeatures.Butassumethatboundaryconditionswhichisverydifferentfromgeneralengineeringactualsituationandcoveredtheeavesofaverticalcross-settlementandbottomedgeunderthefundamentalcharacteristicsofrally,soitisnotforgeneralengineeringdesign.

2.OutlinesofMethods

Formostfrequentlyspan,thewaytocancelthebackboneofhousing,didn’taddaxillaryoften.Butintheperipheryundertheeavestotheframeworkneedestablishedgrid-beamorbeamsoverwindows.Forlongrectangularplanarmulti-room,multi-column,buildingprofessionalsinahorizontallayoutofthepartitionwallbetweeneachpairofcolumnsandthedirectionsetdeepintothesamethicknesswidthhavepossessionofagatheringoftherafahbeamprofiles.Pullbeamabovehasatwo-sloperoofplateaffixedslopingbeamsexpectsmallerspan.Forresidential,ifithasnoneedsaccordingconstructionprofessional,wewillbeabletoachievewithinthehouseholdnoceilingbeamsexposed,seefigure1.Similarlatticetheory,thisapproachemphasizestheuseofaxialforcecomponenteffect,Butisdifferentwiththetrussbecauseit’sloaddistributionalongthebarnotonlysinglebutalsoalongtheaxisoftheplate.Generallyeachplatehasforcecharacteristicsoffoldedplate,forbeargravityattheroof,wind,earthquakeloads,causedtheplatealongwiththeinternalforcecomponents,eachplateisequivalenttostrengthenthethinflangebeams.Amongverticalbearing,itisthin-walledbeamsanti-edgehorizontalcomponenttobalanceWangthrustformedbyarchshelleffect.Whenplatesbearthetheverticalcomponentload,eachplateisequivalenttoasolidedgeembeddedmultilateralbearingplates.Thedesignfeatureofthismethodisestablishandperfecttheslopingroofofthearch,foldedplatesystemConsciously,attopoftheroof,usingaminimallevelofrafahbalancebeamrampatthelevelofthrust.It’scalculationmethodscanbedividedintohandalgorithmandcomputerpaper,thispaperfocusonthehandalgorithm.Handalgorithmtakethesingle-slopeplateofslopingroofplateasslider,throughapproximateoverallanalysis,Simplifiedboundaryconditionsofdetermineplate,solvingloadeffectalonglevelandverticalplane,Internalforcesofvariouslinearsuperpositionundertheconditionofassumptionofnormalstraight,testingstabilityandintegratedreinforcement.Themethodpursuitofoperational,usegeneralengineerfamiliarcalculationstepstoaddressmorecomplexissues.

Thismethodissuitablefortheframeworkstructure,littlemodificationsalsoapplytomasonrystructureorFrame-wallstructure.Generalarchstructurehavegoodanti-seismicperformance,ifdesignedproperly,theslopingroofwillalsodoso.Inthispaperthepseudo-staticisusedtoanalysisearthquakeeffects.

3.AnalysisandDesignforAlongPlaneEffectofLoads

Firstregardtocrossprofileoffigure1,weanalysisequalwidthrectangularpartsoflongtrapezoidalpanels1、2.asforapproximatecalculation,itistakeplaneloadsalongplaneasaconstantjustlikefourrectangularplatecanbesimplifiedtoone-wayslab,wetakealongtolongunitwidthnarrowstructureasanalysisobject,takehingedarchmodelshowninfigure2.

InFigure2therightsupportsverticallinkagerepresentativesroofbeamssupportingrole,rampsconnectingrodonbehalfoftheboarditselfthinbeamreactioneffectwhichisvirtualandapproximateequivalent.Wewouldliketocalculatetwoanti-bearing.Becausethetotalpressureofphysicalprojectthroughtwoplateroofbeamsandtransfertotheendscolumn,SoAntitwonumericaldifferencecanbeseenastwoplatesbearalongwiththeplaneloadandroofbeamsbeartheverticalloadpressure.TwoAntipowerlinkexpressionsinVariousconditionsweregivenasfollows,becausethemodeltakeunitswidth,sotheresultsislineaverageloaddistributionexceptithasFocusqualityinhouse.TheyarebouthrepresentbyN,Englishleftoversubscripts,b,representtheplanealongtheroofpanelsandverticalroleintheroofbeam,g,w,e,representgravity,airpressureandthelevelofearthquakeseparately.d,c,representdistributionofconcentratedloadoreffectseparately,Intheformulahisthicnessofeveryplate,gisgravitationacceleration,aisroofforthehorizontalseismicaccelerationvalueformula,WkrepresentthestandardvaluePressure.mwithnumberfootnotes

representeverynumberedrampthequalitydistributionperunitarea,mwithenglishfootnotesrepresentqualityofperlocation.astotwosymmetricalslopes,theformulacanbemoreconcise.Figure2arepresentsituationofverticalgravityload,theseformulasasfollows:

Figure2brepresentsituationofbearwindload,theseformulasasfollows:

Figure2crepresentsituationofroleoflevelearthquake,theseformulasasfollows:

WhenverticalseismiccalculationrequiredbySeismicDesignParameters

It’scalculateformulagenerallysimilarasformula1to4whichonlyneedtakegravitygasverticalseismicaccelerationa.Aboveformulasapplytorightbearingsinfigure2andalsotoleftwhenexchangedataoftwoplate.

AsendtriangleofMulti-sloperoof,forsimplifyandapproximatecalculationneed,weassumetwolinesdistributionloadonlyproducedbyroofboardofseveralload,effect.nowII-IIcross-sectionfromfigureistooktoanalysisLongtrapezoidalplatetwo’sendtriangle,assumingthestructuresymmetryapproximately,takehalfofstructuretoestablishmodel（figure3）.Becauselinkedwiththeendtriangularplate-3planehasgreatlateralstiffness,thereforeassumethemodelleftiststrongholdalongthecentralcomponentaroundwhichcannotbeshifteddirection.CentralPlateverticalstiffnesssmall,ingeneralgravityloadofroughlysymmetricmidpointonlynextmovementhappenedpossible,Therefore,themodelusedparalleltwo-linkconnection.Windloading,andthegeneralroleoftheearthquakeintwoslopewasroughlyantisymmetric,soplatemodelinthecentralusefixedhingebearingswhichallowrotationandtranstlateralforcetoplate3neartheplatebeam.Underplatetwotriangularareaiseavesofverticalbeamsandplatesitselfalongwithplaneloaddistributionisfunction

showninFigure1takethevariablexasanargument,assumethedistancefrompositionofsectionIItoendpartisx0ssotheslopelevellengthisy0=x0L2/L3,formula11to14isthevalueofVerticaltriangleofgravityalongthexdirectionarbitrarylocationofthetwoloaddistribution,whereh3 isSlittingverticalthicknessofplate3.

Aswindloadandearthquakeeffect,sketchcoulduseapproximatefigure3b、3candusemethodofstructuralmechanicstosolveButtheprocessiscumbersomeandreasonableextentislimited.thewindandearthquakeeffectisnotimportantcomparewiththeloadeffect.Moreover,thetriangleareaissmallAsapproximatecalculation,suchdirect-userectangularplateslopecalculationismoreconvenientandnotobviouswaste.ThemethodofsolvetwoloaddistributionofplatethreeissameasthesolutionofLongtrapezoidalplateareajustmakethechangeofxandy、L2andL3infigure1.TheactualprofileispartIII-IIIshowninfigure1

Figure4isverticallaunchplanandbearloadportfoliovalueofrooframpshow