字母发音规则.docx
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字母发音规则
字母在单词中的读音规则
英语单词的发音涉及:
元音，半元音，辅音，字母组合。
元音字母:
a?
e?
i?
o?
u
半元音字母:
y
辅音字母:
b?
c?
d?
f?
g?
h?
j?
k?
l?
m?
n?
p?
q?
r?
s?
t?
v?
w?
x?
z
在学习字母发音规律之前，我们可以通过下面这首儿歌大体了解一下单词的构成和认读方法:
“构成单词者，字母或组合，字母分三类，元音半元辅，
辅音有阴阳，音变音不变，五辅音变化，记住月如钩，
剩余十五辅，发音从不变，分解单词时，先组后字母。
”
一、辅音字母中的“c,?
g,?
q,?
s,?
x”发音是有变化的。
?
1.当字母c在字母“e,?
i,?
y”前时，c发/?
s?
/?
如face?
city?
Lucy,其他情况下字母c发/k/,?
如cake?
fact?
cute。
?
2.当字母g在字母“e,?
i,?
y”前时，一般发/d?
/如:
page?
magic?
gyp。
其他情况下发/?
g?
/如:
goat?
dog。
3.字母q?
不单独出现，和字母u一起连用，qu发/?
kw?
/如:
?
quilt
queen。
4.字母s在元音字母前或后时发/s/,如:
sad?
safe?
six?
glass?
kiss?
miss;在清辅音后发/s/,如:
books?
shops;?
在浊辅音后发/z/，如:
reads?
rooms。
5.字母x在字母中一般都发/ks/,如:
fox?
box?
mix?
fix。
其他?
15个辅音字母的发音是不变的。
发音不变化的辅音字母
的发音规律是:
这些字母在不同单词中出现时，所对应的发音不变，
所以只要看到这些字母在单词中出现，就能立刻知道其发音。
每个字
母的发音分别是:
b/b/,?
d/d/?
f/f/,h/h/,?
j/?
d?
?
/,?
k/k/,?
l/l/,?
m/m/,?
n/n/,?
p/p/,r/r/,t/t/,v/v/,?
w/w/,z/z/。
二、字母y是半元音，在单词开头时发/?
j/,如yellow?
yes?
yet，在单
词中或结尾时发/a?
/，如by?
type?
cry?
try?
my?
fly。
三、元音字母的发音:
（一）元音字母A?
/?
/?
/e?
/?
/ɑ:
/?
/?
:
/?
/?
/?
/?
/
1.?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如单词:
at?
cat?
bat?
hat?
fat?
rat?
bad?
had?
sad?
apple
2.?
E来帮助说名字/e?
?
/,?
如单词:
cake?
lake?
make?
take?
wake?
late?
gate?
game?
name?
same?
face?
race
3.?
在字母?
“s”前发/ɑ:
/，如单词:
class?
glass?
pass?
past?
ask
4.?
在字母l前发/?
:
/，如单词:
also?
always?
almost
5.?
字母a在非重读音节中发/?
/，如单词:
ago?
another?
arrive
6.?
/?
/?
what?
watch
（二）元音字母E在单词最后不发音，其他情况一般发/e//?
//i:
/
1.当字母e被辅音字母挤住时发/e/，如:
ten?
pen?
hen?
sent?
bet?
get?
let?
net?
dress
2.字母e在单词后不发音（助人为乐）。
3.字母e在非重读音节中发/?
/,?
如:
decide?
delicious
4.?
ee/?
i:
?
/?
bee?
beef?
see?
seem?
seed
（三）元音字母I在单词中的发音:
/?
/?
/a?
/
1.?
当字母I?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如:
pig?
big?
him?
lip?
sit?
six?
fix
did?
fish?
swim
2.?
e来帮助说名字/a?
/（字母e来帮忙时，字母I?
发它本身的音。
）
如:
bike?
like?
ride?
nice?
kite
（四）元音字母o在单词中的发音:
/?
//?
?
/
1.?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如:
hot?
fox?
box?
frog?
dog?
shop?
clock
stop?
from?
doll?
off
2.?
e来帮忙说名字/?
?
/，如:
stone?
phone?
bone?
broke
（五）元音字母u在单词中的发音:
/?
//ju:
/
1.?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如:
cup?
mug?
sun?
jug?
up?
us
2.?
e来帮忙说名字/ju:
/，如:
cute
四、常见字母组合的发音规律。
（一）元音字母组合的读音规律
ar?
/ɑ:
/?
arm?
car?
park?
far?
hard?
card?
er?
/?
/?
brother?
mother?
father?
sister?
teacher
/?
:
/?
her
or?
/?
:
/?
work?
word?
homework
/?
:
/?
for?
short?
north?
morning?
ir?
/?
:
/?
girl?
bird?
shirt?
circle?
first?
ur?
/?
:
/?
hurt?
purple?
nurse?
turn?
ere?
/?
?
/?
here
/e?
/?
where?
there
ee?
/i:
/?
see?
bee?
tree?
meet?
green?
ai?
/e?
/?
wait?
rain?
paint
ay?
/e?
/?
day?
play?
may?
say?
okay?
today
/?
/?
Sunday?
Monday?
Tuesday?
Wednesday?
Thursday
oy?
/?
?
/?
soy?
boy?
toy
oa?
/?
?
/?
boat?
coat?
road
oo?
/U:
/?
zoo?
cool?
food?
school?
noodles?
moon?
balloon
afternoon
/?
/?
book?
look?
good?
foot?
bedroom?
ea?
/i:
/?
sea?
meat?
tea?
eat?
east?
read
/e/?
head?
bread?
sweater?
heavy
/e?
/?
great字母在单词中的读音规则
在小学阶段，学生们并不学习音标，那么怎样在不学习音标的情况下，准确读出单词的发音呢,经研究发现，英文字母在单词中的读音是有规律的，如果我们知道了单词中每个字母的发音，我们就可以做到:
不用看音标就可以读出单词的发音。
英语单词的发音涉及:
元音，半元音，辅音，字母组合。
元音字母:
a?
e?
i?
o?
u
半元音字母:
y
辅音字母:
b?
c?
d?
f?
g?
h?
j?
k?
l?
m?
n?
p?
q?
r?
s?
t?
v?
w?
x?
z
在学习字母发音规律之前，我们可以通过下面这首儿歌大体了解一下单词的构成和认读方法:
“构成单词者，字母或组合，字母分三类，元音半元辅，
辅音有阴阳，音变音不变，五辅音变化，记住月如钩，
剩余十五辅，发音从不变，分解单词时，先组后字母。
”
一、辅音字母中的“c,?
g,?
q,?
s,?
x”发音是有变化的。
?
1.当字母c在字母“e,?
i,?
y”前时，c发/?
s?
/?
如face?
city?
Lucy,其他情况下字母c发/k/,?
如cake?
fact?
cute。
?
2.当字母g在字母“e,?
i,?
y”前时，一般发/d?
/如:
page?
magic?
gyp。
其他情况下发/?
g?
/如:
goat?
dog。
3.字母q?
不单独出现，和字母u一起连用，qu发/?
kw?
/如:
?
quilt
1/6页
queen。
4.字母s在元音字母前或后时发/s/,如:
sad?
safe?
six?
glass?
kiss?
miss;在清辅音后发/s/,如:
books?
shops;?
在浊辅音后发/z/，如:
reads?
rooms。
5.字母x在字母中一般都发/ks/,如:
fox?
box?
mix?
fix。
其他?
15个辅音字母的发音是不变的。
发音不变化的辅音字母
的发音规律是:
这些字母在不同单词中出现时，所对应的发音不变，
所以只要看到这些字母在单词中出现，就能立刻知道其发音。
每个字
母的发音分别是:
b/b/,?
d/d/?
f/f/,h/h/,?
j/?
d?
?
/,?
k/k/,?
l/l/,?
m/m/,?
n/n/,?
p/p/,r/r/,t/t/,v/v/,?
w/w/,z/z/。
二、字母y是半元音，在单词开头时发/?
j/,如yellow?
yes?
yet，在单
词中或结尾时发/a?
/，如by?
type?
cry?
try?
my?
fly。
三、元音字母的发音:
（一）元音字母A?
/?
/?
/e?
/?
/ɑ:
/?
/?
:
/?
/?
/?
/?
/
1.?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如单词:
at?
cat?
bat?
hat?
fat?
rat?
bad?
had?
sad?
apple
2.?
E来帮助说名字/e?
?
/,?
如单词:
cake?
lake?
make?
take?
wake?
late?
gate?
game?
name?
same?
face?
race
3.?
在字母?
“s”前发/ɑ:
/，如单词:
class?
glass?
pass?
past?
ask
4.?
在字母l前发/?
:
/，如单词:
also?
always?
almost
5.?
字母a在非重读音节中发/?
/，如单词:
ago?
another?
arrive
2/6页
6.?
/?
/?
what?
watch
（二）元音字母E在单词最后不发音，其他情况一般发/e//?
//i:
/
1.当字母e被辅音字母挤住时发/e/，如:
ten?
pen?
hen?
sent?
bet?
get?
let?
net?
dress
2.字母e在单词后不发音（助人为乐）。
3.字母e在非重读音节中发/?
/,?
如:
decide?
delicious
4.?
ee/?
i:
?
/?
bee?
beef?
see?
seem?
seed
（三）元音字母I在单词中的发音:
/?
/?
/a?
/
1.?
当字母I?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如:
pig?
big?
him?
lip?
sit?
six?
fix
did?
fish?
swim
2.?
e来帮助说名字/a?
/（字母e来帮忙时，字母I?
发它本身的音。
）
如:
bike?
like?
ride?
nice?
kite
（四）元音字母o在单词中的发音:
/?
//?
?
/
1.?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如:
hot?
fox?
box?
frog?
dog?
shop?
clock
stop?
from?
doll?
off
2.?
e来帮忙说名字/?
?
/，如:
stone?
phone?
bone?
broke
（五）元音字母u在单词中的发音:
/?
//ju:
/
1.?
被辅音字母挤住时发/?
/，如:
cup?
mug?
sun?
jug?
up?
us
2.?
e来帮忙说名字/ju:
/，如:
cute
四、常见字母组合的发音规律。
3/6页
（一）元音字母组合的读音规律
ar?
/ɑ:
/?
arm?
car?
park?
far?
hard?
card?
er?
/?
/?
brother?
mother?
father?
sister?
teacher
/?
:
/?
her
or?
/?
:
/?
work?
word?
homework
/?
:
/?
for?
short?
north?
morning?
ir?
/?
:
/?
girl?
bird?
shirt?
circle?
first?
ur?
/?
:
/?
hurt?
purple?
nurse?
turn?
ere?
/?
?
/?
here
/e?
/?
where?
there
ee?
/i:
/?
see?
bee?
tree?
meet?
green?
ai?
/e?
/?
wait?
rain?
paint
ay?
/e?
/?
day?
play?
may?
say?
okay?
today
/?
/?
Sunday?
Monday?
Tuesday?
Wednesday?
Thursday
oy?
/?
?
/?
soy?
boy?
toy
oa?
/?
?
/?
boat?
coat?
road
oo?
/U:
/?
zoo?
cool?
food?
school?
noodles?
moon?
balloon
afternoon
/?
/?
book?
look?
good?
foot?
bedroom?
ea?
/i:
/?
sea?
meat?
tea?
eat?
east?
read
/e/?
head?
bread?
sweater?
heavy
/e?
/?
great
4/6页
/?
?
/?
theater
ow?
/a?
/?
cow?
how?
now?
flower?
down
/?
?
/?
know?
yellow?
show?
snow?
row?
window?
ou?
/a?
/?
mouth?
about?
south?
house?
cloudy
/?
/?
touch
ui?
/U:
/?
fruit?
juice
/ju:
/?
suit
air?
/e?
/?
fair?
air?
hair?
chair
ear?
/?
?
/?
eat?
hear?
near?
year
/e?
/?
wear?
bear?
pear
/?
:
/?
learn?
earth
oor?
/?
:
/?
door?
floor
our?
/?
:
/?
four?
your?
fourteen
/a?
/?
our?
hour?
sour
al?
/?
:
/?
tall?
small?
ball
（二）辅音字母组合的读音规律
1.?
ch?
/t?
/?
chair?
chant?
chicken?
children?
rich?
lunch
2.?
sh?
/?
/?
fish?
ship?
shy?
shoe?
she?
short?
sheep?
3.?
tr?
/tr/?
tree?
train?
try?
trip
4.?
dr?
/dr/?
drink?
dragon?
dress?
dream?
drive?
5.?
th?
/θ/?
teeth?
thin?
thank?
north?
south
/e/?
this?
that?
they?
mother?
brother?
with?
cloth
6.?
wh?
/w/?
what?
white?
where?
when?
why
/h/?
whose?
who
7.?
ng?
/?
?
?
/?
sing?
ring?
evening?
morning?
swimming
8.?
ck?
/k/?
knock?
clock?
black
9.?
ss?
/s/?
class?
glass?
miss?
grass?
boss?
pass?
10.ph?
?
/f/?
phone?
phrase?
photo
11.tch?
/t?
/?
watch?
catch?
match
/?
?
/?
theater
ow?
/a?
/?
cow?
how?
now?
flower?
down
/?
?
/?
know?
yellow?
show?
snow?
row?
window?
ou?
/a?
/?
mouth?
about?
south?
house?
cloudy
/?
/?
touch
ui?
/U:
/?
fruit?
juice
/ju:
/?
suit
air?
/e?
/?
fair?
air?
hair?
chair
ear?
/?
?
/?
eat?
hear?
near?
year
/e?
/?
wear?
bear?
pear
/?
:
/?
learn?
earth
oor?
/?
:
/?
door?
floor
our?
/?
:
/?
four?
your?
fourteen
/a?
/?
our?
hour?
sour
al?
/?
:
/?
tall?
small?
ball
（二）辅音字母组合的读音规律
1.?
ch?
/t?
/?
chair?
chant?
chicken?
children?
rich?
lunch
2.?
sh?
/?
/?
fish?
ship?
shy?
shoe?
she?
short?
sheep?
3.?
tr?
/tr/?
tree?
train?
try?
trip
4.?
dr?
/dr/?
drink?
dragon?
dress?
dream?
drive?
5.?
th?
/θ/?
teeth?
thin?
thank?
north?
south
/e/?
this?
that?
they?
mother?
brother?
with?
cloth
6.?
wh?
/w/?
what?
white?
where?
when?
why
/h/?
whose?
who
7.?
ng?
/?
?
?
/?
sing?
ring?
evening?
morning?
swimming
8.?
ck?
/k/?
knock?
clock?
black
9.?
ss?
/s/?
class?
glass?
miss?
grass?
boss?
pass?
10.ph?
/f/?
phone?
phrase?
photo
11.tch?
/t?
/?
watch?
catch?
match
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