月份大学英语第次.docx

月份大学英语第次.docx

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月份大学英语第次

第2次作业

一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分）

1.

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatpeoplewhogetoninlifemaybesuccessfulnotbecausetheydeserveit,butbecauseofinfluentialfriendsortherightbackground.Sometimesitmayjustbeacomfortingandharmlessbelief,whileattheotherextremeitcanbeverydestructive.Ioncemetabrilliantyoungengineerwhoworkedinachemicalplant.Becauseofherknowledgeandexperience,sheshouldhavebeenpromotedtoProductionManager.Instead,thejobwenttoamanwhowastotallyunsuitedforthepost.Everyoneknewthatheonlygotitbecausehewaspoliticallyacceptabletohissuperiors.Thisinjusticedemoralizedtheyoungengineerandmanyofhercolleagues.Italsomeantthatthefactorywasmuchlessefficientthanitcouldhavebeen.

Allthesame,weshouldnotbepessimistic.Moreandmore,themodernworlddependsonhavingpeoplewhoareinthejobbecausetheyaregoodenough,notjustbecausetheirfacefits.Thereisastoryofafactoryownerwhosentforanengineertoseetoamachine,whichwouldnotgo.Heexaminedit,thentookoutahammerandtappedit,once.Themachinestartedupimmediately.Whenhepresentedhisbill,theownerprotested,"Thiscan'tberight!

$100justfortappingamachinewithahammer?

"Theengineerwroteoutanewbill:

"Fortappingamachine,$1;forknowingwheretotapit,$99."

（1）.

Itisbelievedthatsomepeoplehavesucceededinlifebecause____.

A.

theyfeelsuperiortoothers

B.

theyarebothinfluentialandpowerful

C.

theyhavesomespecialadvantages

D.

theyhaveapoorbackground

（2）.

Theengineeratthechemicalplantwasnotpromotedbecause____.

A.

itismoredifficultforawomantogetapromotionthanforhermalecolleagues

B.

herbossdidnotthinkshehadtherightqualificationsforthejob

C.

themanwhogothispromotionwasmoreexperiencedthanshewas

D.

herbossesdidnotapproveofherpoliticalviewsandopinions

（3）.

Theengineerwhorepairedthemachinewasrighttocharge$100because____.

A.

hewastheonlypersonwhocouldfindoutwhatwaswrongwithit

B.

thefactoryownercouldnothaverepairedithimself

C.

hehitthemachinetogetitstartedagain

D.

hewaschargingforhisknowledgeandexpertskills

（4）.

Theauthor'sattitudetowardthewidespreadbeliefis____.

A.

positive

B.

negative

C.

neutral

D.

sympathetic

（5）.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?

____

A.

Havinginfluentialfriendsorrightbackgroundseemshelpfulsometimes.

B.

Theengineerhadgoodreasontooverchargethefactoryowner.

C.

Notallthosewhoaregoodintheirjobshavethechancetobepromoted.

D.

Thosewhoaregoodintheirjobarestilllargelyneededbythemodernsociety.

2.

Inthe1940s,urbanAmericansbeganamassmovetothesuburbsinsearchoffreshair,elbowroomandprivacy.Suburbsbegantosprawloutacrossthecountryside,sincemostofthosemakingthemoveweremiddle-class,theytookwiththemthetaxmoneythecitiesneededtomaintaintheneighborhood,inwhichtheyhadlived.Thepeopleleftinthecitieswereoftenthosewhoweretoooldortoopoortomove.Thus,manycitiesbegantofallintodisrepair.Crimebegantosoar,andpublictransportationwasneglected.（Inthepastsixtyyears,SanFranciscoistheonlycityintheUnitedStatestohavecompletedanewmasstransitsystem.）Meanwhile,housingconstructioncostscontinuedtorisehigherandhigher.Middle-classhousingwasallowedtodecay,andlittlenewhousingwasconstructed.

Eventually,manydowntownareasexistedforbusinessonly.Duringthedaytheywouldbefilledwithpeopleworkingintheofficesandatnighttheywouldbedeserted.Giventhesecircumstances,somebusinessexecutivesbeganasking,"Whybotherwithgoingdowntownatall?

Whynotmovetheofficestothesuburbssothatwecanliveandworkinthesamearea?

"Graduallysomeofthelargercompaniesbeganmovingoutofthecities,withtheresultthaturbancentersdeclinedevenfurtherandthesuburbsexpandedstillmore.ThismovementofbusinessestothesuburbsisnotconfinedtotheUnitedStates.BusinesseshavealsobeenmovingtothesuburbsinStockholm,Sweden,inBonn,Germany,andinBrussels,Belgiumaswell

（1）.

Whatdidthecitylosewhenthosepeoplemovedouttothesuburbs?

____

A.

houses

B.

cars

C.

jobs

D.

taxmoney

（2）.

Whatarenottheresultingeffectsoncitieswhenthosepeoplemovedout?

____

A.

Thereweremorecrimes.

B.

Citieswereinabadcondition.

C.

Onlyonemasstransitsystemwascompleted.

D.

Somesmallcompaniesmovedinwhilelargeronesmovedout.

（3）.

Accordingtothepassage,thesuburbs____.

A.

weredesertedatnight

B.

weredesertedatnight

C.

hadahighconstructioncost

D.

hadsomedeclinedbusinesscenter

（4）.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsareTrueaccordingtothepassage?

____

A.

SomecompaniesintheUnitedStatesmovedtoSweden,GermanyandBelgium.

B.

Freshair,spaciousroomandbeingawayfromothersattractpeopletomovetothesuburbs.

C.

Peoplewouldn'tpaytaxwhentheymovedoutofcities.

D.

Theneighborhoodshouldbemaintainedbyoldandpoorpeople.

（5）.

Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

____

A.

UrbanRenewal

B.

SuburbanSprawl

C.

Effectsofthemovetothesuburbs

D.

DevelopmentoftheSuburbs

3.

MountainclimbersaroundtheworlddreamaboutgoingupMountEverest（珠穆朗玛峰）.Itisthehighestmountainintheworld.Butmanypeoplewhohaveclimbedthemountainhaveleftwastematerialthatisharmingtheenvironment.

AteamofAmericansisplanningthelargestclean-upefforteveronMountEverest.Theywillmaketheriskytripupthemountainnextmonth.

TheteamofeightAmericanswillbeguidedbymorethantwentySherpasofNepal（尼泊尔夏尔巴人）.Theirgoalistoremoveallthetrash（废物，垃圾）theysee.Theywillspendtwomonthscleaningupthemountainbygatheringoxygenbottles,fuelcontainers,batteries,drinkcans,humanwasteandotherkindsoftrash.Theyareexpectedtoremoveatleastthreetonsoftrashinlargebags.

TeamleaderRobertHoffmanismakinghisfourthtripupthemountain.HesayshehopestobringEveresttotheconditionitwasinbeforethefirstsuccessfulclimbfiftyyearsago.Hesayshehopestheeffortwillinfluenceotherpeopletocleanuptheenvironmentcloserhome.

HumanwasteonEverestisamajorconcern.Sotheclean-upteamwilltakealongnewlydevelopedequipmenttocollectandtreathumanwaste.Overtheyears,thewastearticleshavepollutedthemountain.Inthewarmseasonwhentheicemelts,thepollutedwaterflowstoNepalivillagesbelow.TheproblemhasgottenworseinrecentyearsbecauseclimbingEveresthasbecomemorepopular.

（1）.

WhatarethoseAmericansconcernedaboutwhentheyareplanningthetripupMountEverest?

____

A.

Theenvironmentpollutionofthemountain.

B.

Thesuccessinclimbingupthemountain.

C.

Theequipmentfortheirtriptothemountain.

D.

Therisksfacingtheclimbersofthemountain.

（2）.

Fromthepassagewecanlearnthattheclean-upeffort____.

A.

isopposedbythelocalpeople

B.

isthelargestonesupportedbyNepal

C.

isencouragedbytheAmericangovernment

D.

isthegreatestoneevermadeonMountEverest

（3）.

WhatdoestheAmericanteamplantodoonthetripupthemountain?

____

A.

TomakeEverestevencleanerthanitwas.

B.

Totellclimbersnottoleavewastematerials.

C.

Totakeawayallthetrashtheycouldfindthere.

D.

Tocollectandtreathumanwastebeforetheicemelted.

（4）.

TeamleaderMr.HoffmanhopestoturnMountEverestinto____.

A.

itsformerstateafewyearsago

B.

itsoriginalconditionhalfacenturyago

C.

aplacewithnopollutionatall

D.

thecleanestmountainintheworld

（5）.

Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?

____

A.

ARiskyTripUpMountEverest

B.

PollutiononMountEverest

C.

MountEverest—Clean-upEffort

D.

RobertHoffmanandHisClean-upTeam

4.

SincefoundinghisMicrosoftcomputersoftwarecompanyin1975,BillGates,thispale-skinned,soft-handedlittlegeniushasturnedthecompanyintoatransnationalmonsterwithamarketcapitalizationof$US38billionvaluethatmakesitbiggerthanFord,GeneralMotorsorBoeing.BillGates’sown30percentshareofthecompanyhasmadehim,at38,thesecondrichestindividualintheUS,worthsomewhereabout$9billion.

Forbesmagazinerecentlyestimatedthat,ifyouconvertedhispersonalwealthintoRollsRoyces,theywouldstretchnose-to-tailfromSeattle,Microsoft’shometown,toVancouverinCanada,adistanceof500kilometers.Gatesandhiswifewillbemovingintoa$US25millionhouseontheshoreofLakeWashington.

Microsoftempire,whichwasfoundedonthemotto"Acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,runningMicrosoftSoftware"."Sometimeswe’ddropthe‘ineveryhome’bit,"Gatessays,"andsometimeswe’ddropthe‘runningMicrosoft’bit,dependingonwhoweweretalkingto."Inthe18yearssincehefirstsuspectedthatthemicroprocessorchipwasgoingtochangetheworld,Gates’svisionhasprovedremarkablyprescient.Aswellasbusinessundergoingcomputerization,aquarterofAmericanhomesnowcontainapersonalcomputerorPC,withasmanyagainplanningtobuyoneinthenexttwoyears.TheymaynotallberunningMicrosoftprograms,butabout90percentofthemare.

EvensoGatesadmitsithasbeenalongerwaitthanheoriginallyanticipated.Hethoughtthatcomputerdevelopmentswouldhappenmuchfaster.Buthehopesfortoomuchtooquickly.Hesays"Ihadafartoooptimistictime-frameformostofthethingsIthoughtwouldcometreetheprevalenceofthePC,theeffe