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unit8

Unit8KnowledgeandWisdom

IV

1Itwouldbeunwisetopursueagoalthatisboundtofail,althoughitmightbenobletodoso.

2Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistogetone’shorizonfreefromtheconfinementoftimeandspace.

I

1considerwhenjudgingasituation/takeintoconsideration

Givepropervaluetoeach/attachadequateimportancetoeach

2Certainly/Veryprobably;broughtagoodandhelpfulefforttomankind;inreality/inactualsituations

3talkdisapprovinglyaboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant;destroyorruineachother

4connectedwith/dependenton

5accordingly

II

1pursue

2ceased

3attainable

4enmity

5populous

6surpassed

7impartial

8appallingly

III

1.WordDerivation

1）benefitv.→beneficenta.→beneficiala.→beneficiaryn.

e.g.我感觉自己从她的智慧当中获益良多。

IfeelthatIhavebenefitedgreatlyfromherwisdom.

我庆幸自己有这样一位慷慨仁慈的阿姨。

Iamluckytohavesuchabeneficentaunt.

去乡下待上一阵子对他的健康很有好处。

Astayinthecountrywillbebeneficialtohishealth.

她的丈夫是她的遗嘱的主要受益人。

Herhusbandwasthechiefbeneficiaryofherwill.

2）desirev.→desirablea.→desirousa.

Ant.undesirablea.

e.g.这家旅馆可以提供你想要的几乎一切服务。

Thehotelhadeverythingyoucouldpossiblydesire.

减小学校的班级规模是一个大家都想实现的目标。

Reducingclasssizesinschoolsisadesirableaim.

公爵十分盼望与您会面。

Thedukeisdesirousofmeetingyou.

④临近工业区的房子不太受欢迎，所以通常都不好卖。

Housesnearindustrialsitesoftendonotsellsoquicklybecausetheyareregardedasundesirable.

3）horizonn.→horizontala.→horizontallyad.

e.g.旅行能够拓宽你的视野。

Travellingcertainlybroadensyourhorizons.

请在这一页的最下方划一条水平线。

Drawahorizontallineacrossthebottomofthepage.

头部保持在一个水平面上，从一侧转向另一侧。

Theheadturnshorizontallyfromsidetoside.

4）descendv.→descentn.→descendinga.→descendantn.

e.g.这条小路沿着陡峭的山崖向下一直通向谷底。

Thepathdescendedsteeplyintothevalley.

飞机已经开始进行到达机场前的最后一段降落了。

Theplanebegantomakeitsfinaldescentintotheairport.

请将这些数字进行降序排列。

Arrangethenumbersindescendingorder.

我们应该留给子孙后代一个洁净无污染的居住环境。

Weshouldleaveourdescendantsacleanworldtolivein.

5）increasev.→increasinga.→increasinglyad.

e.g.项目自从开始以后，其成本已经大大增加。

Thecostoftheprojecthasincreaseddramaticallysinceitbegan.

各方正在为了结束这次争端而付出更多的努力。

Increasingeffortsarebeingmadetoendthedispute.

随着大学毕业生人数的逐年增多，大家想要找到合适的工作变得越来越难了。

Inviewofmoreandmorecollegegraduatesleavingcampuseveryyear,itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttofindsuitablejobsforeveryone.

6）philosophyn.→philosophern.→philosophicala.

超前消费，活在当下，这是现如今许多年轻人的生活理念。

Livenow,paylater—that’smanyyoungpeople’sphilosophyoflifetoday!

柏拉图是一位希腊哲学家。

PlatowasaGreekphilosopher.

对于丢掉了合同这件事，他表现得很释然。

Hewasphilosophicalaboutlosingthecontract.

7）duea.→dulya.

Ant.unduea.→undulyad.

e.g.他们的孩子预产期在一月份，这是他们的第一个孩子。

TheirfirstbabyisdueinJanuary.

他知道自己错了，赶紧表示歉意。

Heknewhehadbeenwrong,anddulyapologized.

如此大的税收增幅会给当地的纳税人带来过多的负担。

Suchahighincreasewillimposeanundueburdenonthelocaltaxpayer.

对于当前的形势没必要过度的悲观。

There'snoneedtobeundulypessimisticaboutthesituation.

8）standarda.→standardizev.→standardizationn.

e.g.英国广播公司的多数播音员说的是“标准英语”。

MostannouncersontheBBCspeakstandardEnglish.

我们旗下不同型号的汽车使用的均是标准化配件。

Weusestandardizedpartsinanymodelofcarwemake.

定单标准化可以缩短交货时间。

Standardizationoforderformsreducesdeliverytime.

IV

1）Whatarethequalifications________awebsitedesigner?

requiredof

requiresth.ofsb.:

regardanaction,ability,orqualityasduefrom（someone）byvirtueoftheirposition

e.g.作为受托人，他必须要谨慎而且勤奋。

Careanddiligencewererequiredofhimasatrustee.

2）Wehavenever________interfereintheinternalaffairsofyourcountry.soughtto

seekto:

trytoorattempttodo（sth.）

e.g.发电厂正在力图减少石油的用量。

Powerstationsareseekingtoreducetheiruseofoil.

教师们一直致力于废除填鸭式教学。

Teachershavebeenseekingtorejecttheteachingmethodofspoon-feeding.

3）Havingdecidedonthegoals,thebusinessexecutives________theparticulars.descendedto

descendto:

actinashamefulwaythatisfarbelowone’susualstandards

e.g.我真没想到她会堕落到去偷窃。

Ineverthoughtshewoulddescendtostealing.

4）Youmust________thefactthattheyareonlychildrenwhenyouconsiderthecase.putfirst

putsth.first:

regardsomethingasmoreimportantthananyotherthings

e.g.职业女性往往会将工作放在首位。

Careerwomentendtoputtheirworkfirst.

5contributedto

6）ItwasconsideredinappropriateforaformerPrimeMinisterto________commerce.engagein

engagein:

takepartinsth.

e.g.两国政府同意进行全面的对话来解决该问题。

Thetwogovernmentshaveagreedtoengageinacomprehensivedialoguetoresolvetheproblem.

这个城市中的一部分警察正在参与犯罪。

Somepolicemeninthecityareengagedincrime.

7conferredupon

8）Thesenseofhumourismysteriously________nationalcharacteristics.AFrenchman,forinstance,mightfindithardtolaughataRussianjoke.boundupwith

boundupwith:

closelyconnectedorinvolved

e.g.鲸鱼的生存与海洋水质密切相关。

Thesurvivalofwhalesisintimatelyboundupwiththehealthoftheocean.

VSynonym/Antonym

1.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.

Antonyms:

following,subsequent,succeeding

2.Butagreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine“wisdom”andconsidermeansofpromotingit.

Synonyms:

enhance,advance

3.Totakeanevenmorespectacularexample,whichisineverybody'smindatthepresenttime…

Synonyms:

impressive,sensational

4.Theremustbe,also,acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife.

Antonyms:

unawareness,ignorance,unconsciousness

5.Butthechieflessonofhistorywhichhesoughttoinculcatewasthatfromtheyear400ADdowntohisowntimeGermanyhadbeenthemostimportantnationandthestandard-bearerofprogressintheworld.

Synonyms:

instill,indoctrinate

6.Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice.

Antonyms:

confinement,restriction,restraint

7.HewillnodoubtgiveyouanappallinglistofMrB'svices,partlytrue,partlyfalse.

Antonym:

virtue

8.Noonecanviewtheworldwithcompleteimpartiality;andifanyonecould,hewouldhardlybeabletoremainalive.

Synonyms:

fairness,indifference,neutrality

Ⅱ.Grammar

1）   it

Youcanuseitasthesubjectofalinkverbsuchas“be”.Usuallyitreferstosomethingthathasjustbeenmentioned.Youcanalsouseitasthesubjectofbetosaywhatthetime,distanceorweatheris.Youcanuseitwithalinkverbandanadjectivetodescribeanexperience.Aftertheadjective,youusean“-ing”formora“to”infinitive.Youcanuseitwithalinkverbandanadjectivetodescribetheexperienceofbeinginaparticularplace.Aftertheadjective,youuseanadjunctofplace.Youcanuseitwithanadjectiveornoungrouptocommentonawholesituation.Aftertheadjectiveornoungroup,youusea“that”clause.Youcansometimesusea“wh”clauseinsteadofa“that”clause

Forexample:

IlikeyourBritishaccent.Ithinkit’squiteattractive.（somethingjustmentioned）

It’sseveno’clock.（time）

Itwasterriblycold.（weather）

It’snicehearingyourvoiceagain.（anexperience）

It’simportanttoknowyourownlimitations.（anaction）

Itwascozyinthecar.（aplace）

ItisluckythatIamgoingabroad.（asituation）

It’sfunnyhowpeoplechange.（asituation）

2）there…（注意下面斜体的部分在ppt中要保持斜体）

Whenyouwanttosaythatsomethingexists,orwhenyouwanttomentionthepresenceofsomething,youcanuse“there”followedby“be”andanoungroup.Thenoungroupisusuallyfollowedbyanadjunct,awh-clause,oroneoftheadjectives“available”,“present”,or“free”.

Forexample:

There’salotoftrafficonthisroadtonight.

Therewillbenoonetohelpyou.

Practice

Insertit+beorthere+beinthefollowingsentences.

（点击填答案的横线以后出现正确答案）

1.____________freezingveryhard.___________iceonthelaketomorrow.

Keys:

Itis,Therewillbe

2.–__________agaragebehindthehotel?

–Yes,but__________ratherfull.Idon’tthink__________roomforyourcar.Iskeys:

there,itis,thereis

3.__________goingtobeabusstriketomorrow.___________allrightif_________afineday;butif__________wet____________longqueuesontheunderground.

Keys:

Thereis,Itwillbe,itis,itis,therewillbe

4.___________foolishtodrivefastwhen___________foggy.

Keys:

Itis,itis.

5.__________aknockathisdoor.“________me.Areyouin?

”Somebodysaidurgently.

Keys:

Therewas,Itis

6.___________arevolverlyingthere.__________borrowedfrommyneighbour.

Keys:

Therewas,Itwas

3）Conjunctions

Aconjunctionisawordwhichlinkstwoclauses,groups,orwords.Therearetwokindsofconjunction:

coordinatingconjunctionsandsubordinatingconjunctions.Ifyouaresimplylinkingclauses,youuseacoordinatingconjunction.Whenyouareaddingaclauseinordertodevelopsomeaspectofwhatyouaresaying,youuseasubordinatingconjunction.

Thecoordinatingconjunctionsare:

and,but,nor,or,then,yet.

Someofthemostfrequentsubordinatingconjunctionsare:

although,despite,though,when,as,if,unless,whenever,because,inspiteof,whereas,while.

Forexample:

Hersonlivesathomeandhasasteadyjob.（coordinatingconjunction）

Visityourlocaldealerorphoneforabrochure.（coordinatingconjunction）

Hehadcanceralthoughitwasdetectedatanearlystage.（subordinatingconjunction）

Ifhehadhadagun,hewouldhavekilledtheman.（subordinatingconjunction）

I

1Thisisanemphaticit,introducingacleftsentence.

2Hereitisapronoun,referringtowisdom.

3Thefirstisananticipatoryit,servingastheformalsubject.Thesecondandthirdarepronounreferringto“anend”.

4Thisisananticipato